现在完成时
一、其构成
"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：
1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选B。
2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)
His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。
3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have
析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。
二、其用法与标志词
(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：
1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -___________ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish
B. Are; finishing
C. Did; finish
D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed
B. Have; surfed; surfed
C. Did; surf; have surfed
D. Have; surfed; have surfed
析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。
(二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：
1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.
A. after
B. before
C. since
D. for
析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。
2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent
B. has borrowed
C. has bought
D. has had
析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用，故选D。3. I______a letter from him since he left.
A. didn't receive
B. haven't got
C. didn't have
D. haven't heard
析：据since可知，应排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信"，故选B。
三、have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：
1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have.
A. went to
B. gone to
C. been in
D. been to
析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为"去某地了"，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"，符合题意，故选D。
2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
A. have been in
B. have been to
C. have gone to
D. have been
析：本题句中有"for+段时间"结构，据此可排除C，B项意为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。
四、现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：
1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)
析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)
________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.
析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。
3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
A. lost
B. don't lose
C. have lost
D. is coming
析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _______what’s happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he?
