主语从句和同位语从句
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名词性从句的概念在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句如果一个从句在一个句子中充当主语,这个从句就叫主语从句。
主语从句可以直接放在句首;也可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。
主语从句可以用连词that,whether,连接代词what,who,which,连接副词when, where,how,why等引导。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all.众所周知,光沿直线传播。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meeting.我们什么时候开运动会仍然是一个问题。
It is certain that he will come to the discussion.他来参加讨论是确定无疑的。
Whether we discuss the question has yet to be decided.我们是否讨论这个问题还有待决定。
What you bought is an interesting book.你所买的是本有趣的书。
Whenever you come is all right.不管你什么时候来都行。
主语从句的语序与陈述句语序相同,即采用“主语+谓语动词+其他”这样的模式。
宾语从句的结构在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句。
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和某些形容词的宾语。
1.由that引导的宾语从句that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接主句和从句的作用。
that不用翻译出来,(在口语当中)常可省略。
We all know that we don't have enough medicine.我们都知道我们缺药。
She said that she would drop maths.她说她要放弃数学。
英语从句的类型主要有以下六种:1.主语从句:用于作为句子的主语,常常以连接词that、whether或连接代词who,what,where,when,why,how引导。
例如:“What he said is true”(他所说的是真的)。
2.宾语从句:作为句子的宾语,位于及物动词、介词后面,常常以连接词that,whether,if或连接代词who,what,where,when,why,how引导。
例如:“I don’t know what she wants”(我不知道她想要什么)。
3.表语从句:位于系动词后面,用来描述主语的特征、状态或性质。
常以连接词that或连接代词who,what,where,when,why,how引导。
例如:“The problem is that he is always late”(问题是他总是迟到)。
4.同位语从句:作为名词的解释、说明、补充等,常以连接词that或连接代词who,what,where,when,why,how引导。
例如:“The fact that he passed the exam surprised me”(他通过了考试的事实让我很惊讶)。
5.名词性从句:在句中的作用类似于名词,可以在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分。
具体包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
6.定语从句:定语从句在句子中充当定语的成分,修饰名词或代词,通常由关系代词(如who、whom、whose、that、which等)或关系副词(如when、where、why等)引导。
例如:“The man who/that lives in that house is a teacher.”(住在那所房子里的人是一名老师。
)。
高中语法—主语从句+表语从句+同位语从句❖讲解●主语从句一.定义:在句中起主语作用的从句二.语序—陈述句语序When will he come is not known. ×→When he will come is not knownWhether can animals be well protected is of great importance.×→Whether animals can be well protected is of great importance.→陈述句语序:连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分三.连接词1.从属连词:that/whether①that:没有意义,不作成分,不可省略(that=口袋→把句子装起来)@3.10,25,28,30②whether“是否”不可省略,不可用if代替---Whether they would support us was a problem.(if“如果”有歧义)@4.5 ,312.连接代词①who,whom,what,which,whose,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever②特定意义,不可省略③在主语从句中做成分What we need is water.---作宾语@29Who will go makes no difference.---作主语@12,14,17,19,#4,12Who he is remains uncertain.---作表语Whose shirt it is remains unknown. ---作定语#16*Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. ---无论是谁@18*Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. ---@2①when,why,how,where②特定意义,不可省略③作状语,表示时间,地点,原因,方式When he will be back depends on the weather.---时间状语Where the test will be given is not yet decided.---地点状语#14Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.---原因状语#13How this happened is not clear to anyone. ---方式状语四.时态:不受主句的时态影响和限制五.It作形式主语1.结构it is...that...(无意义,不做成分)①It is certain that she will do well in her exam. →It is+a.+that...②It’s a pity that we can’t go.→It is+n.词组+that...(no wander难怪,an honor荣耀)@1,16,20③It is said that Tiny Times is a good movie→It is said,reported,suggested,well-known+that...@13#6④It happened that I was out that day.→ It + 特殊动词(seem似乎,happen碰巧doesn’t matter)+ that ...@6,7,8 2.It is+其他连接词(有意义,作成分)It was a problem whether they would support us.It is hard to understand why there is gravity.@11,15,#73.否定前移It seems that they are not from the same university.→It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university.六.注意1.主语从句中的连词---不能重叠使用That whether he will help others is a fact.×→That he will help others is a fact.2.含主语从句的主句谓语动词---用单数第三人称形式When he will come are a puzzle.×→When he will come is a puzzle.@9,#23.what 引导的主语从句---根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式①What he needs is that book.②What he needs are some books.●表语从句That is what he is worried about.一.定义:在句子中作表语的句子,be,look,seem,appear,sound,feel,remain+表语从句二.语序—陈述句语序三.连接词=主语从句@191.seem,appear,look,sound,feel+as if/as though“好像...”①It looked as f it was going to rain.②It sounds as though someone is knocking at the door.2.The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way.He came late. That’s because his car broke down.His car broke down on the half way. That’s why he came late.四.时态:与主句无关●同位语从句The fact (名词)that he is older than me is obvious.一.定义:解释说明某一名词的内容和实质的从句=该名词(fact,idea,news,promise)I have no idea who will be our teacher.The question why the actress was killed is not clear.二.语序—陈述句语序三.连接词=主语从句,都不能省略#3四.时态:与主句无关❖当堂练习主语从句答题技巧:动词前面是主从,缺啥补啥选连词,that句首不能省,if不可替whether,it形主要记牢,常用that不可省,不做成分无意义,其他连词作成分.1.What a pity _____is _____you didn’t arrive by daylight.A. there, becauseB. it, thatC. he, whenD. that, forB.你白天没来真可惜呀,①what a pity it is!...真可惜呀②it作形式主语,真正主语that you didn’t arrive by daylight2. We are ready to do ______ the country wants us to do.A. whatB. whichC. no matter whatD. whateverD①根据句意,选无论什么CD②no matter what不能引导名词性从句,不能放句中;引导让步状语从句,放句首:No matter what happened, he would not mind.③whatever,句首句中都可以放3.It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.___ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.ThatB. WhyC. WhatD. HowA.that引导主语从句,不做成分,不可省略4. ___we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .A IfB WhetherC ThatD WhereB句意是否5.____ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.That B. Whether C. If D. Even ifB句意是否6. It is known to us ___ where there is pollution, there is harm.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. ThatD.it作形式主语7.It’s known to us all ___ a form of energy .A.water isB. that water isC. is waterD. that water toB.It is known to us all that...it作形式主语8. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning gray.A. whetherB. thatC. whatD. WhenB.it作形式主语9.What I say and think ___ none of your business.A.isB. areC. has D haveA含主语从句的主句谓语动词---用单数第三人称形式10--- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.--- __A__ it made me nearly mad.A. That he brokeB. What he brokeC. He brokeD. His break11.It remains a question _A___ we can get so much money in such a short time.A.howB. thatC. whenD. what12. They lost their way in the forest and __A__ made matters worse was _表语从句__ night began to fall.A. what; thatB. it; thatC. what; whenD. which; what13. ___A_____that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A. It is saidB. They are saidC. It saidD. It says14. ___A__ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. WhatB. ThatC. HowD. Where15. It worried Mary a lot __A___ she would pass the college entrance examination.A. whetherB. ifC. thatD. how16. __A__ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A. There, thatB. It, thatC. There, whetherD. It, whetherThere is no possibility=it is impossible含有no一般用there:there is no doubt17. ___B_surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A. That; whatB. What; thatC. That; thatD. What; whatThat引导表语从句18. ___C__ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. WhoB. AnyoneC. WhoeverD. The personWhoever=anyone who19. ___A_ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; whyB. That; whyC. What; becauseD. Why; thatWhy引导表语从句20. It was __A__ he said ___ disappointed me.A. What; thatB. That; thatC. What; whatD. That;what❖名词性从句综合练习名词性从句答题技巧:动词后面是宾从,动词前面是主从,be的后面加表从,名词后面同位语;一看陈述句语序,二看连词选什么,连接代词看缺啥,连接副词看句意;主从that不可省,同位连词都留下,三看时态四it,既作形主又形宾。
英语中从句类型
英语中的从句有以下几种类型:
1. 名词性从句(Noun Clauses):名词性从句在句子中起到名
词的作用,可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句
包括宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
2. 定语从句(Adjective Clauses):定语从句用来修饰名词
或代词,并且不能独立存在。
通常由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(where, when, why)引导。
3. 状语从句(Adverbial Clauses):状语从句可以表示时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、方式等状语关系。
常见的引导词有连词(while, when, because, if, unless, although, since, etc.)
和疑问词(where, when, why, how, etc.)。
4. 同位语从句(Appositive Clauses):同位语从句用来进一
步解释或说明前面的名词或代词,常由that引导,有时也可以用其
他关系词引导。
5. 感叹句型从句(Exclamatory Clauses):感叹句型从句用
来表示强烈的感情或感叹,通常由what, how, what a引导。
6. 名词化从句(Nominalization Clauses):名词化从句是将
一个完整的句子转化为一个名词,函数如同名词,可以作为主语、
宾语、表语等。
常见的名词化从句有不定式、动名词和现在分词作
为名词的一部分。
这些是英语中常见的从句类型,根据情况的不同,从句的结构和用法会有所变化。
句子做主语是什么从句结构类型句子作为主语在语文学习中是一个重要的语法现象。
句子作为主语通常被称为主语从句,它的语法结构类型有很多。
在这篇文章中,我们将探讨有关句子做主语时的从句结构类型以及三个具体的例子。
一、什么是主语从句?主语从句是作为主语的从句,它通常由“that”“whether”“if”等引导词引出。
这种从句通常是复杂句的形式,它的语法结构比较复杂。
主语从句通常出现在主语部分,在句子中很常见。
二、主语从句的结构类型主语从句的结构类型有三种,分别是“同位语从句”、“名词性从句”和“特殊疑问句从句”。
1.同位语从句同位语从句是主语和补语中间的一个从句,它解释或指明主语或补语的内容,并且表示在数量、性质、名称、时间、地点和状态等方面解释或说明主语的内容。
同位语从句通常出现在主语中,下面是一个例子:即使父母不同意,我还是会去旅行。
In spite of the fact that my parents don't agree, I will still travel.在这个例子中,“即使父母不同意”是同位语从句,它修饰主语“我”。
2.名词性从句名词性从句也称为“宾语从句”、“主语从句”或“表语从句”,它是一个从句,作为一个名词,可以作为宾语、主语或表语出现在句子中。
通常由“that”“whether”“if”等引导词引出。
下面是一个例子:他怀疑他的女友欺骗了他。
He doubts whether his girlfriend cheated on him.在该例中,“是否他的女友欺骗了他”是名词性从句,它作为整个句子的主语。
3.特殊疑问句从句特殊疑问句从句也称为“疑问代词从句”,它通常由“what”“where”“who”“when”“why”等引导词引出,表示特殊的提问形式。
特殊疑问句从句通常修饰一个名词,也可以作为整个句子的主语。
下面是一个例子:谁能告诉我他的名字?Who can tell me his name?在该例中,“谁能告诉我他的名字”是特殊疑问句从句,它作为整个句子的主语。
高考英语语法考点之主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句高考频度:★★★★★考点详解考向二主语从句1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不可省;what引导的主语从句表示"……的东西"时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
☞That she will succeed is certain.☞It is certain that she will succeed.常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:(1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)+that从句☞It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder等)+that从句It’s no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.(3)It+be+过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,wellknown,announced等)+that从句☞It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)It+特殊动词(seem,appear,happen,matter)+that从句☞It happened to me that I had been away when he called.注意:(1)在"It is necessary/important/strange/natural...+that从句"结构中,从句谓语常用"(should+)动词原形"形式。
从句类型及例子一、名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中充当名词的从句,可以作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
常见的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1. 主语从句主语从句充当主句的主语,常用引导词有that、whether等。
例如:“你知道是否会下雨吗?”这个句子中,是否会下雨是主语从句,引导词是whether。
2. 宾语从句宾语从句充当主句的宾语,常用引导词有that、whether、if等。
例如:“我不知道他是否会来。
”这个句子中,他是否会来是宾语从句,引导词是whether。
3. 表语从句表语从句充当主句的表语,常用引导词有that、whether等。
例如:“我不确定他是否是个好人。
”这个句子中,他是否是个好人是表语从句,引导词是whether。
4. 同位语从句同位语从句充当主句中某个名词的同位语,常用引导词有that、whether等。
例如:“我听说他得了一种叫做流感的疾病。
”这个句子中,他得了一种叫做流感的疾病是同位语从句,引导词是that。
二、形容词性从句形容词性从句是在句子中充当形容词的从句,修饰一个名词或代词。
常用引导词有that、which、who、whom、whose、when、where、why等。
5. 限制性形容词性从句限制性形容词性从句对先行词起限制或修饰作用,不可省略。
例如:“我喜欢那个穿红衣服的女孩。
”这个句子中,穿红衣服的是形容词性从句,修饰女孩。
6. 非限制性形容词性从句非限制性形容词性从句对先行词起补充说明或解释作用,用逗号与主句隔开。
例如:“我的朋友,他是一名医生,今天来看望我。
”这个句子中,他是一名医生是形容词性从句,补充说明朋友的身份。
三、副词性从句副词性从句是在句子中充当副词的从句,修饰动词、形容词或副词。
常用引导词有when、where、why、how、as、since、until、unless等。
7. 时间副词从句时间副词从句表示动作发生的时间,常用引导词有when、while、as、since、before、after、until等。
五大从句英语中的五大从句包括名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
以下是每种从句及其例句:1.名词性从句(Noun Clauses):●主语从句:What he said is true.(他说的是真的。
)●宾语从句:I believe that she will come.(我相信她会来。
)●表语从句:The problem is what to do next.(问题是下一步该怎么做。
)●同位语从句:Her announcement, that she was leaving,surprised everyone.(她宣布要离开,这让每个人都很吃惊。
)2.形容词性从句(Adjective Clauses):●关系代词引导的从句:The book that I bought is veryinteresting.(我买的书非常有趣。
)●关系副词引导的从句:I remember when we first met.(我记得我们第一次见面的时候。
)3.副词性从句(Adverbial Clauses):●时间从句:She called me before she left.(她离开前给我打了电话。
)●地点从句:I will meet you wherever you want.(我会在你想要的任何地方见你。
)●原因从句:He failed the exam because he didn't study.(他考试不及格是因为没有学习。
)●条件从句:If it rains, we will stay indoors.(如果下雨,我们将呆在室内。
)●结果从句:He worked hard, so he succeeded.(他努力工作,所以成功了。
)4.定语从句(Adjective Clauses):●关系代词引导的从句:The man who is talking to my mother ismy uncle.(正在和我妈妈交谈的那个人是我叔叔。
在英语中,主要有三大从句
名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、
形容词性从句(即定语从句)、
副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
主语从句:用作主语
eg:Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。
宾语从句:用作宾语
eg:Do you know where he lives? 你知道他住在哪吗?
表语从句:用作表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等。
eg:My opinion is that you should work hard. 我的意见是你应该努力工作。
同位语从句:用于解释说明前面的名词
eg:The news that you got the first place is true.你获得了第一名的消息是真的
(that从句用于解释说明the news)
定语从句:相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词
eg:The student who answered the question was sandy. 回答问题的学生是sandy.
状语从句:相当于一个副词
eg:When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时,我通常坐公共汽车上学。
(时间状语)
If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来,你就可以看到他了。
(条件状语)
(if 引导的条件状语从句,其结构为:if +状语从句,+主句)。
要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”,即主句是将来时,则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。