小马托福TPO6听力笔记

【托福听力资料】托福TPO6听力文本——Lecture 4众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。

相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

TPO 6 Lecture 4 Earth ScienceNarrator：Listen to part of a lecture in an earth science class.Professor：We’re really just now beginning to understand how quickly drastic climate change can take place. We can see past occurrences of climate change that took place over just a few hundred years.Take uh… the Sahara Desert in Northern Africa. The Sahara was reallydifferent 6,000 years ago. I mean, you wouldn’t call it a tropical paradise or anything, uh…or maybe you would if you think about how today in some parts of the Sahara it…it only rains about once a century. Um… but basically, you had greenery and you had water.And what I find particularly interesting... amazing really, what reallyindicates how undesert-like the Sahara was thousands of years ago, was somethingpainted on the rock, prehistoric art, hippopotamuses, as you know hippos need alot of water and hence? Hence what?Student：They need to live near a large source of water year around.Professor：That’s right.Student：But how is that proof that the Sahara used to be a lot wetter? I mean the people who painted those hippos, well, couldn’t they have seen them on theirtravels?Professor：Okay, in principle they could, Karl. But the rock paintings aren’tthe only evidence. Beneath the Sahara are huge aquifers, basically a sea offresh water, that’s perhaps a million years old filtered through rock layers.And…er…and then there is fossilized pollen, from low shrubs and grasses thatonce grew in the Sahara. In fact these plants still grow, er…but hundreds ofmiles away, in more vegetated areas. Anyway, it’s this fossilized pollen alongwith the aquifers and the rock paintings, these three things are all evidencethat the Sahara was once much greener than it is today, that there were hipposand probably elephants and giraffes and so on.Student：So what happened?Professor：How did it happen? Well, Now, we’re so used to hearing about howhuman activities are affecting the climate, right? But that takes the focus awayfrom the natural variations in the earth climate, like the Ice Age, right? Theplanet was practically covered in ice just a few thousand years ago. Now as faras the Sahara goes, there is some recent literature that points to the migrationof the monsoon in that areaStudents：Huh?????Professor：What do I mean? Okay, a monsoon is a seasonal wind that can bringin a large amount of rainfall. Now if the monsoon migrates, well, that meansthat the rains move to another area, right?So what caused the monsoon to migrate? Well, the answer is: the dynamics ofearth’s motions, the same thing that caused the Ice Age by the way. The earth’snot always the same distance from the sun, and it’s not always tilting toward the sun at the same angle. There are slight variations in these two parameters.They’re gradual variations but their effects can be pretty abrupt. And can cause the climate to change in just a few hundred years.Student：That’s abrupt?Professor：Well, yeah, considering that other climate shifts take thousands of years, this one is pretty abrupt. So these changes in the planet’s motions, they caused the climate to change.But it was also compounded. What the Sahara experienced was uh…a sort of “runaway drying effect”. As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused a huge decrease in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn’t grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can’t hold water as well, the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation. And then the cycle continues, less rain, drier soil, less vegetation, fewer clouds, less rain etc. etc..Student：But, what about the people who made the rock paintings?Professor：Good question. No one really knows. But there might be someconnections to ancient Egypt. At about the same time that the Sahara wasbecoming a desert…hmm ...5,000 years ago, Egypt really began to flourish out inthe Nile River valley. And that’s not that far away. So it’s only logical to hypothesize that a lot of these people migrated to the Nile valley when they realized that this was more than a temporary drought. And some people take thisa step further. And that’s okay, that’s science and they hypothesize that thismigration actually provided an important impetus in the development of ancient Egypt. Well, we’ll stay tuned on that.。

⼀.⾸⾳规律 在托福综合⼝语task6中，表明教授讲座的⽬的的语句往往出现在开头的⼏句话，这⼏句话是考⽣把握全局的重点。

所以考⽣在平时要积累⼀些信号词，⽐如　Today, we'll focus on/constrated/discuss….;Today, our topic is…;Let's…等等，强迫⾃⼰在听到这些词的时候就反应过来这⾥是有考点的。

特殊情况1：在托福⼝语task6中，有的时候在课堂的开头，⽼师会讲⼀下上⼀次课出现的东西，考⽣如果听到了Before we get started, let's review what we've learned last class…;Let's pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(记得)…;Before we begin our discussion on…(此处为本次主题)，Let's review what we know about…(此处为上次主题)等语句的时候，⼀定要提起注意。

特殊情况2：有的时候在课堂的开头，⽼师会先讲⼀下⼤家都认为这件事是怎么怎么样的，但是我认为是怎样怎样，这两个意见往往是不同的。

⽐如有时候在task6中会出现这样的语句：In your text book, the author says that…，but I thought….这个时候考⽣⼀定要注意这种句⼦的后半部分。

2.尾部规律 在听⼒中，如果在开头没有出现关于⽂章主旨的介绍，那么⽼师讲课的重点往往会出现在听⼒中的结尾部分，如果在结尾中出现了这些信号词，To some up;To conclude/in conclusion;In summary/to summarize;Finally;Therefore;From this, we can see that…等等，考⽣就⼀定要提起注意了。

【托福听力备考】TPO6听力文本——Lecture 2众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。

相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。

TPO 6 Lecture 2 BiologyNarrator：Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Professor：Ok, I have an interesting plant species to discuss with you today.Uh…it’s a species of a very rare tree that grows in Australia, Eidotheahardeniana, but it’s better known as the Nightcap Oak.Now, it was discovered only very recently, just a few years ago. Um… itremained hidden for so long because it’s so rare. There are only about 200 ofthem in existence. They grow in a rain forest, in a mountain rage…range in thenorth part of New South Wales which is uh… a state in Australia. So just 200individual trees in all.Now another interesting thing about the Nightcap Oak is that it is…itrepresents…uh…a very old type…uh…kind of tree that grew a hundred million yearsago. Um, we found fossils that old that bear remarkable resemblance to the tree.So, it’s a primitive tree. A…a living fossil you might say. It’s relic fromearlier times and it has survived all these years without much change. Andit…it’s probably a kind of tree from which other trees that grow in Australiatoday evolved.Just to give you an idea of what we are talking about. Here’s a picture ofthe leaves of the tree and its flowers. I don’t know how well you can see theflowers. They’re those little clusters sitting at the base of the leaves.Okay, what have we tried to find out about the tree since we’ve discoveredit? Hmm…or how…why is…is it so rare? It’s one of the first questions. Um…how isit…um…how does it reproduce? It’s another question. Um, maybe those two questions are actually related. Jim?Student：Hmm …I don’t know. But I can imagine that…for instance, seed dispersal might be a factor. I mean if the…er…you know, if the seeds cannot really disperse in the wild area, then, you know, the tree may not colonize new areas. It can’t spread from the area where it’s growing.Professor：Right. That’s…that’s actually a very good answer. Uh, of course, you might think there might not be many areas where the tree could spread into,er…because…um…well, it’s very specialized in terms of the habitat. But, that’snot really the case here. Um…the suitable habitat, that is, the actualrainforest is much larger than the few hectares where the Nightcap Oakgrows.Now this tree is a flowering tree as I showed you. Um…um…it produces a fruit,much like a plum. On the inci…inside there’s a seed with a hard shell. It…itappears that the shell has to crack open or break down somewhat to allow the seed to soak up water. You know, if the Nightcap Oak remains…if their seedsremain locked inside their shell, they will not germinate. Actually, theseeds…er…they don’t retain the power to germinate for very long, maybe two years. So there’s actually quite a short window of opportunity for the seed togerminate. So the shell somehow has to be broken down before this…um…germinationability expires. And…and then there’s a kind of rat that likes to feed on the seeds as well. So, given all these limitations, not many seeds that the tree produces will actually germinate. So this is a possible explanation for why the tree does not spread. It doesn’t necessarily explain how it became so rare, but it explains why it doesn’t increase.OK, so it seems to be the case that the species, this Nightcap Oak is notvery good at spreading. However, it seems, though we can’t be sure, that it’svery good at persisting as a population. Um…we…there’s some indications to suggest that the population of the Nightcap Oak has not declined over the last.er…you know, many hundreds of years. So it’s stayed quite stable. It’s not aremnant of some huge population that is dwindled in the last few hundred years for some reason. It’s not necessarily a species in retreat. Ok, so it cannotspread very well, but it’s good at maintaining itself. It’s rare, but it’s notdisappearing.Ok, the next thing we might want to ask about a plant like that is whatchances does it have to survive into the future. Let’s look at that.。

TPO6 listening 问题解析注：问题中红色标记词汇为解题突破点和关键词。

（编辑整理By Serene蘑菇）Section 1（注：红色选项为答案）1. why does the student go to the career services office● to confirm the date and time of the career fair● to learn the location of the career fair● to find out he is allowed to attend the career fair● to get advice about interviewing at the career fair解析：（原文中）I have a couple of questions about the career fair next week. Um ...well, are seniors the only ones who can go? I mean, you know, they are finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything.学生想知道是不是只有senior student才可以参加career fairy而他自己不是，因此他的意图就是想要了解他能否被允许参加。

从他自己说出的信息中可以看出他很清楚时间和地点。

因此A错误。

2. why does the student think that companies’ representatives would not beinterested in talking to him● he will not be graduating this year● he is not currently talking business classes● he has not declared a major yet● he does not have a current resume解析：（原文中）I mean, you know, they are finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything. And, well, it seems like businesses would wanna talk to them and not first year students like me.他觉得是自己目前所在年级不是即将毕业因此招聘方不会对他有兴趣。

托福写作TPO6综合写作详细解析智课网TOEFL备考资料托福写作TPO6综合写作详细解析阅读材料：Communal online encyclopedias represent one of the latest resources to be found on the Internet. They are in many respects like traditional printed encyciopedias, however, is that any internet user can contribute a new article or make an editorial change in an existing one. As a result, the encyclopedia is authored by the whole community of Internet users. The idea might sound attractive, but the communal online encyclopedias have several important problems that make them much less valuable than traditional, printed encyclopedias.交互式在线百科是互联网上新的资源模式。

在线百科在诸多方面与传统纸质百科全书类似。

但是在线百科同传统纸质百科不同的地方在于任何一个网民都可以创建或者编进词条。

因而，可以说在线百科是由所有网民共同编辑的。

这个想法听起来可能很不错，但是跟传统纸质百科全书相比，在线百科也因此具有了一些严重的问题。

而这些问题将很大程度地削减在线百科的价值。

First, contributors to a communal online encyclopedia often lack academic credentials, thereby making their contributioins partially informed at best and downright inaccurate in many cases. Traditional encyclopedias are written by trained experts who adhere to standards of academic rigor that nonspecialists cannot really achieve.- Sub point 1:最初创建的时候可能不准确- Sub point 2:即使初始是准确的，也可能会被篡改- Sub point 3:对于琐碎流行的内容关注过多在听力部分，我们可以预测到的就是这三个缺点都是不存在的。

托福阅读笔记之TPO6 William Smith说到托福阅读备考，TPO是必不可少的备考神器，通过TPO练习来更好的适应阅读考试的节奏。

本文小编带来的托福阅读笔记是TPO6 William Smith的内容，希望能够与正在备考的大家一起进步。

TPO6 William Smith文章题材：自然科学——岩石层和地址年代常见词汇：transformation[.trænsfə'meiʃən]n. 转型，转化，改造thorough['θʌrə]adj. 彻底的，完全的，详尽的，精心的locomotive[.ləukə'məutiv]n. 火车头，机关车adj. 运转的，火车头ubiquitous[ju:'bikwitəs]adj. 到处存在的，遍在的canal[kə'næl]n. 运河，沟渠，气管，食管vt. 建运河emerging[i'mə:dʒ]vi. 浮现，(由某种状态)脱出，(事实)显现出来strict[strikt]adj. 严格的，精确的，完全的reveal[ri'vi:l]vt. 显示，透露n. (外墙与门或窗之间的observe[əb'zə:v]v. 观察，遵守，注意到v. 评论contained[kən'teind]adj. 泰然自若的，从容的;被控制的v. 包含;遏制易错题解析：Paragraph 3: In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the “father of English geology”, was not only for his maps but also for something even more important.Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time.But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differedfrom region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world.Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers Quartz is quartz—a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions—there’s no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○The discovery of regional differences in the sequences of rocks led geologists to believe that rock types could someday become reliable time markers.○Careful analysis of strata revealed that rocks cannot establish geological time because the pattern of rock layers varies from place to place.○Smith's catalogs of rock strata indicated that the sequences of rocks are different from place to place and from region to region.○Because people did not catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks. It was believed that rocks could never be reliable time markers题型：句子简化题。

ConversationNarratorListen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the university’s career services office.StudentHi,do you have a minute?EmployeeSure,how can I help you?StudentI have a couple of questions about the career fair(博览会)next week.EmployeeOK,shoot.Student(1)Um...well,are seniors the only ones who can go?I mean,you know,they are finishing school this year and getting their degrees and everything.（2）And,well,it seems like businesses would wanna talk to them and not first year studentslike me.EmployeeNo,no,the career fair is opened to all our students and we encourage anyonewho’s interested to go check it out.StudentWell,that’s good to know.EmployeeYou’ve seen the flyers and posters around campus,I assume.StudentSure,can’t miss them.I mean,they all say where and when the fair is,just notwho should attend.Employee（3）Actually they do,but it’s in the small print.Uh,we should probably make that part easier to reach,shouldn’t we?I’ll make a note of that right now.So,do you have any other questions?StudentYes,actually I do now.Um...since I’d only be going to familiarize myself withthe process,you know,check it out,I was wondering if there is anything you recommend that I do to prepare.EmployeeThat’s actually a very good question.Well,as you know,the career fair is generally an opportunity for local businesses to recruit(招募)new employees,and for soon-to-be graduates to have interviews with several companies they might be interested in working for.Now,in your case,even though you wouldn’t belooking for employment right now,it still wouldn’t hurt for you to prepare much like you would if you were looking for a job.StudentYou mean,like get my resume(简历)together and wear a suit?EmployeeThat’s a given.I was thinking more along the lines of doing some research.The flyers and posters list all the businesses that are sending representatives(代表)to the career fair.Um...what’s your major urge you to have one yet?StudentWell,I haven’t declared a major yet,but I’m strongly considering accounting. See,that’s part of the reason I wanna go to the fair,to help me decide if that’swhat I really want to study.EmployeeThat’s very wise.（4）Well,I suggest that you get on the computer and learn more about the accounting companies in particular that would be attending.You canlearn a lot about companies from their internet websites.Then prepare a list of questions.StudentQuestions,hmm…so,in a way,I’ll be interviewing them?EmployeeThat’s one way of looking at it.Think about it for a second.What do you wantto know about working for an accounting firm?StudentWell,there is the job itself,and salary of course,and working conditions,Imean,would I have an office,or would I work in a big room with a zillion other employees,and…and maybe about opportunities for advancement(提升).EmployeeSee?Those’re all important things to know.After you do some research,you’llbe able to tailor your questions to the particular company you are talking to.StudentWow,I’m glad I came by here.（5）So,it looks like I’ve got some work to do. EmployeeAnd if you plan on attending future career fairs,I recommend you sign up forone of our interview workshops(研讨会，讲习班).StudentI’ll do that.1.why does the student go to the career services office􀁺to confirm the date and time of the career fair􀁺to learn the location of the career fair􀁺to find out he is allowed to attend the career fair􀁺to get advice about interviewing at the career fair其它选项，时间地点（when&where）在传单上有。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO6口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO6口语Task4阅读文本： Explicit Memories and Implicit Memories In everyday life, when people speak of memory, they are almost always speaking about what psychologists would call explicit memories. An explicit memory is a conscious or intentional recollection, usually of facts, names, events, or other things that a person can state or declare. There is another kind of memory that is not conscious. Memories of this kind are called implicit memories. An individual can have an experience that he or she cannot consciously recall yet still display reactions that indicate the experience has been somehow recorded in his or her brain. 托福TPO6口语Task4听力文本： Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in a psychology class. (male professor) OK, um, the first kind of memory, we’re all very familiar with this, right? You probably remember what you had for dinner last night. You have a conscious memory of last night’s dinner so, um, if I ask you what did you eat last night, you could tell me. But these other kinds of memories, implicit memories, they work differently. Let’s take an example from the world of advertising. When you are driving along a highway, you see plenty of billboards, you know, road side advertisements. You certainly don’t remember them all, but they still affect you. Marketing researchers have shown, well to be specific, let’s say there’s a billboard on the highway advertising, uh, a car called the Panther. The ad shows a big picture of the car and above the car, in huge letters, is the name of the car, Panther. A lot of people drive by the billboard, but ask those drivers later if they saw any advertisements for cars, and well, they’ll think about it and a lot of them will say no. They honestly don’t remember seeing any. They have no conscious memory of the Panther billboard. So, you ask these same people a different question. You ask, um, OK, you ask them to name an animal starting with a letter P. What do you think they’ll answer? Do they say Pig? Pig is the most common animal that starts with the letter P. But they don’t say Pig. They say Panther! The billboard had an effect, even though the drivers don’t remember ever seeing it. 托福TPO6口语Task4题目： Using the example of the car advertisement, explain what is meant by implicitmemory. 托福TPO6口语Task4满分范文： Explicit memories are conscious recollections whereas implicit memories are not conscious. But implicit memories still have effects on us. The professor in the lecture uses an example of billboard to explain implicit memory. There are many billboards along the highway and when drivers drive through, they see those billboards. They don’t remember all the billboards but the billboards affect them. Suppose there is a car advertisement with its name panther above its picture. A lot of drivers passed it by. Later, when asked whether they remember seeing any car advertisements, the drivers will say no because they honestly don’t remember. They don’t have conscious memory of the panther billboard. But if asked to name an animal starting with a letter "P", drivers will say "panther". So the car billboard had effect on them. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO6口语Task4阅读文本+听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO6口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO6口语Task6听力文本： Now listen to part of a talk in an Education class. (female professor) One of the hardest parts of teaching is keeping your students' attention. Now, the key to doing this is understanding the concept of attention.Basically, there are two types of attention. The first type is active, active attention is voluntary. It's when you intentionally make yourself focus on something. And since it requires effort, it's hard to keep up for long a time. OK, so, um, let's say you are teaching a Biology class. And today's topic is frogs. All right? You're standing in front of the room lecturing: a frog is a type of animal known as an amphibian…, well, this isn't necessarily going to keep the students' interest. But most of them will force themselves to pay active attention to your lecture. But it's only a matter of time before they get distracted.Now, the other type of attention is passive attention, when it's involuntary. Passive attention requires no effort because it happens naturally. If something is really interesting students don’t have to force themselves to pay attention to it. They do it without even thinking about it. So back to our Biology lecture, you start talking about frogs and then you pull a live frog out of your briefcase. You’re describing it while holding it up. Show the students how long its legs are, and how they’re used for jumping, for example. Then maybe even let the frog jump around a bit on the desk or the floor. In this case, by doing something unexpected, something more engaging, you can tap into their passive attention. And it can last much longer than active attention. As long as the frog is still there your students will be interested." 托福TPO6口语Task6题目： Using points and examples from the talk, explain the difference between active and passive attention. 托福TPO6口语Task6满分范文： Active attention is voluntary, it occurs when students force themselves to pay attention, so it won't last for a very long time. For example, you're teaching in a biology class, and you are describing the frog to students. If you only describe it by lecturing, students will get distracted easily because they are paying active attention that is hard to keep. However, passive attention is involuntary, it happens naturally without any effort, and it lasts longer. If something interesting happens, students begin to pay passive attention even without being aware of it. For example,in the same class, if you describe the frog by showing the students a live frog instead, they will be interested and therefore pay their passive attention. As long as the frog is still there the students will focus on the class. (137 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO6口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。