（一）
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。
International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.
2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. 5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式。
Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market.
（二）
1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place.
2.要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.
3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域，高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家。
Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income.
4.中国现在的年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。
China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago.
5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎，东盟国家，俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。
As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.
(三)
1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越严重。
The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.
3.经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应适用同一的货币。
The members of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency.
4.欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。
The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the body which puts proposals to the Council of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty.
5.APEC建立与在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。
APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra. 6.著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立的。
The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991.
(四)
1.经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会, 同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。
Economic globalization is giving new impetus and opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive.
2.跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。
A multinational enterprise is a business organization that owns, controls and manages assents in more than one country.
3.许多人欢呼经济全球带来的好处，但同时也有强烈的反对声音。
An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to international headquarters.
4.跨国公司的内部交换在整个国际贸易的一个很大的比例。
The transfer of the intra-MNE transactions constitutes a very significant proportion of total international trade.
#5.尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司，但重要决策，如有关公司和新投资等都由母公司来决定。
Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations may be decentralized to the affiliate MNCS, the major decisions, such at those on corporate goals and new investments are made by the parent company.
6.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全球化已成为世界经济发展中的一个客观趋势。
Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development.
（五）
1.在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。
In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.
2.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。
With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization.
3.按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。
According to the theory on comparative advantage both trade partners can benefit from trade.
4.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行为发展某种特定的比较利益。
Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage through its own action. 5.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。
The idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade.
6.根据绝对利益理论，只有当一个国家生产的某一商品对另一个国家具有绝对优势时，贸易才会发生。
According to the absolute advantage theory, trade occurs only when each country has an absolute advantage over the other in the production of one commodity.
（六）
1.一件商品的成本会因生产规模扩大而减小。
The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale.
2.在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，也可能永远不会发生。
In reality, complete specialization may never take place even though it is economically advantageous.
#3.配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒。
Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers.
4.国家从事贸易种类是多样的，复杂的，往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。
The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade.
5.贸易不是建立在两个国家生产能力上而是建立在不同的消费偏好上。
Trade will be based not on difference in the production capabilities of the two countries but on different consumption preferences.
6.各国政府经常采取的贸易保护主义措施是贸易壁垒，典型的例子是关税和配额。Protectionist measures which are often taken by governments are also barriers to trade and typical examples are tariffs and quotas.
7.由于战略或国内的原因，一个国家可能继续生产不具备优势的产品。
For strategic or domestic reasons, a country may continue to produce goods for which it does not have an advantage.
8.有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。
Visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between countries.
（七）
1.包装需按运输的要求进行，在大多数情况下，卖方明确知道把货物安全地运到目的地所需要的包装。
Packing should be made according to the requirement of transportation. In most cases, the seller knows clearly the particular type of packing required for transporting the goods safely to destination.2.在许可情况下，应通知买方在卖方将货物启运之时或之前安排验货。除非合同另有规定，否则卖方必须支付为其自身利益而安排的验货费用。
In many cases, the buyer shall be notified to go through the inspection of goods at or before the time of shipment. Unless otherwise specified, the buyer is supposed to undertake the charges of inspection thus incurred for his own sake.
3.进口商可以通过可转让的运输单据将货物在运输途中卖给新的卖方，这类可转让单据用起来非常方便。
The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer while they are being carried by means of negotiable shipping documents which are very convenient for use.
5.2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加以及运输方式的变化。
The 2000 revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the changes in transport practices.
6.如果货物丢失或受损或因某种原因没有运到，买卖双方的信任就会下降可能会严重到引起法律纠纷的地步。
If they are lost or damaged, or if delivery does not take place for some other reason, the climate of confidence between parties may degenerate to the point where a law suit is brought.
7.买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参考，他们就肯定简单可靠的确定各自的责任。
If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to , they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.
(八)
1.合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。
A contract is enforceable by law, and the party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.
2.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈。
Oral business negotiations refer to face-to-face discussions or those conducted through international trunk calls.
#3.买方发出的询盘时为了获得拟定购商品的有关信息，它对发出询盘的人无约束力。
Enquiries made by the buyer are to get information about the goods to be ordered and are not binding on the inquirer.
#4.有效期对于实盘是必不可少的。在规定的时间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前发盘一直是有效的。
The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer, that remains valid until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected.
5.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦做出还盘，原报盘即将失效而失去约束力。
A counter-offer is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter-offer is made. 6.还盘可以针对发盘中的价格、付款条件、装运时间或其他条款而提出。
A counter-offer may be made in relation to the price, terms of payments, time of shipment or other terms and conditions of the offer.
7.合同背面的规定是合同的组成部分，对合同双方同样具有约束力。
The stipulations on the back of the contract are constituent parts of the contract and are equally binding upon the contraction parties.
（九）
1. 对销贸易一般是与有关国家的政治目标相互联系的，如应对外汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题。
As counter trade often takes place in less developed economies and in centrally planned economies, it is often related with policy objectives in these countries.
2. 实际上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交换。Fundamentally, counter trade refers to the direct exchange of assorted kinds of goods and services.
3. 回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间。
Another important difference is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time the a counter purchase deal.
4. 在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。In normal market transactions buying and selling of goods are unbundled because of the use of money and the market.
5.尽管有很多好处，反向贸易可能是风险很大的事。
Despite all its advantage, counter trade can be very risky business.
6. 在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、代理等。
Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc.
7. 对销贸易成为一个将卖方的出口，从买方的进口联系起来的跨国界合同的术语总称。
Counter trade has become the generic term to describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller’s exports to imports from the buyer.
(十)
1.在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对不履约的可能。
In international trade, both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may fail to fulfil the contract.
2.为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。
Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade.
3.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行是顾客的支付命令。
A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft, which is an order to a customers to pay.
4.即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。Documents against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents.
5.就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。So far as the exporter’s interest is concerned D/P at sight is more favorable than D/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable than D/A.
(十一)
1.在国际贸易中，几乎不可能使付款和实际交货同时进行。
In international trade it is almost impossible to match payment with the physical delivery of the good.
2.信用证付款方式对买卖双方都提供保障。
The method of payment by the letter of credit offers security to both the seller and the buyer.
3.第一次世界大战后，信用证得到了实质性的发展。
Credits had substantial development after the First World War.
4.要么因为信用证金额过大，要么因为对开证行不完全信任，出口商有时可能需要保兑的信用证。
Either because the credit amount is too large, or because he does not fully trust the opening bank, the exporter may sometimes require a confirmed letter of credit.
5.信用证的形式、长短、语言和规定各不相同。
Letters of credit are varied in form, length, language and stipulations.
6.双边保证是信用证独特的具有代表性的特征。
The bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.
7.信用证不但保所购货物就是发票所开或所装运的货物。
It does not guarantee that the goods purchased will be those invoiced or shipped.
8.银行只关心代表货物的单据而不是所寄予的合同，银行对于货物是否符合合同不承担法律责任。
The banks are only concerned with the documents representing the goods instead of the underlying contracts. They have no legal obligation whether the goods comply with the contract.
(十二)
1.信用证按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种类。
Letters of credit are classified into different types according to their function, form, and mechanism.
#2.光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品贸易中一般使用跟单信用证付款。
Clean letters of credit are mainly used in non-trade settlement, while documentary credits are generally used in commodity trade.
3.在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误的单据后便立即付款。
In the case of sight credits, payment can be made promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable shipping documents. 5.如果信用证可以有原受益人转让给另一个或几个人，那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证。
A letter of credit is called transferable if it can be transferred by its original beneficiary to one or more parties.
6.对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付款方式，缔约双方应根据具体情况做出最好的选择。
The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular transaction, and the contracting parties should make their best choice according to the specific conditions.
7.如果允许分批装运，信用证可以同时转让给多个受益人。
Transferring a credit to more than one party at the same time is allowed provided partial shipments are permitted.
(十三)
1.在国际贸易中使用正确的单据很重要，否则进口商提货时会遇到困难。
It is very important to use correct documents in international trade, otherwise the importer will have difficulties in taking delivery of the goods.
2.商业发票，一般称“发票”这种单据对货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进行概括性描述。
The commercial invoice, generally called the invoice makes a general description of the quality, quantity, unit price, and total value of the goods.
3.货物在运输过程中可能发生风险损失，需要办理货物保险。
It is necessary to insure the goods against the possible risks they are
exposed to in the course of transportation.
#4.已装船提单表明货物已实际装上开往目的港的承运船只。
An on board bill of lading indicates that the goods have been actually loaded on board of the carrying vessel bound for the port of destination.
5.清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船，这意味着提单上未加任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注。
A clean bill of lading refers to one that indicates the goods have been shipped in apparent good order condition, which means it is devoid of any qualifying remarks about the packing and the outer appearance of the goods.
6.签发保险单的日期可以早于提单的签发日，但绝不能迟于提单签发日。
The date on which the document can be made earlier but by on means later than the date of the bill of lading.
（十四）
1.毫无疑问，一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍然是一个原始落后的社会。
There is no doubt that a society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive.
2.这些方式在运作特点和性能方面不同。从而使它们各有比较优势和劣势，五种运输方式是水路、铁路、公路、管道、航空。
The modes differ in terms of operating characteristics and capabilities, giving them comparative advantages and disadvantages. The five major modes are water, rail, truck, pipeline and air. 3.过去10年，公司自己提供运输能力的倾向越来越大。
The past decade has seen an increasing tendency among business firms to provide their own transportation capability.
4.作为一个社会，我们现在的生活比完全自给自足时更富裕、更消闲。
As a society, we enjoy a richer and more leisurely life than we would be in a totally self-sufficient community.
5.最近几年运输功能引人注目的另一个因素就是越来越多的使用零库存系统，这种系统是以公司保持很少数量的生产投入为基础的。
Another factor that has thrust transportation into the limelight in recent years is the growing utilization of just-in-time inventory systems, on the basis of a production approach in which the firm maintains very small quantities of production inputs.
6.运输业可能更容易的集中原料和劳动力的投入去生产某项产品。
Transportation allows the entrepreneur to assemble more easily the raw material and labor inputs needed to make a specific product.
(十五)
1.保险是一种风险转换机制通过保险个人或企业可以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他人。
Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, by which the individual or the business enterprise can shift some of the uncertainty of life to the shoulders of others.
2.即使是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可付已知的费用即保险费用来转移风险，而不愿面对不确定的风险损失。
Even under these circumstances, most of the firms prefer to pay a known cost or premium for the transfer of risk, rather than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss.
3.对企业来说损失的价值要比个人高很多。因此，保险费也比一栋房子或一两车高出许多。
In the case of business enterprises, the values exposed to loss are usually much higher and the premium charged is substantially higher than that for a house or a car.
4.企业投保的主要刺激时他们可以腾出资金，进行其他项目的投资。
The main stimulus to the enterprise is the release of funds for investment in the production of other items.
5.因此，货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到转敏承担风险的保险人一方的活动。
Therefore, cargo insurance is an activity aiming at moving the burden of risk from the exporters and importers to the underwriters.
6.通过向共同基金投保，投保方就得到了一旦遭受损失时要求从基金中得到赔偿的权利。
By paying a premium into an insurance pool, the assured earns the right to claim compensation from the pool, the assured earns the right to claim compensation from the pool should he suffer loss. （十六）
1.没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的，而任何根据这类合同提出的索赔都不会被受理。
An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained.
2.尽管错误的陈述是无意的，保险人还是受到欺骗，从而保险合同无效。
Even though the mis-statement is unintentional, the underwriter will still be deceived and the policy voidable.
3.将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状况的合同就是保险合同。
A contract of insurance is one which restores a person who has suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred.
4.赔偿金额一般包括发票金额加上运输费用再加上保险费再加上一个商订的百分比如10%。
The compensation payable generally includes the invoiced cost plus freight, the insurance premium, and an agreed percentage, say 10%.
#5.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司将不予赔偿。
The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss.
6.每一份保险合同都需要有可保利益的支持，否则它就是无效的，任何根据此合同提出的索赔都不会受理。
Every contract of insurance requires an insurable interest to support it, or
otherwise it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained.
7.若两份保险单承保同一事件，两家保险公司将按比例分摊损失赔偿这恢复保险人损失部分。
If two policies do cover the same event, the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss, and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position.
(十七)
1.第一次世界大战以前，金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的评价。
Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.
2.1944年44国在美国布雷顿森林举行会议签署了协议，计划在世界贸易和货币方面实现更好的合作。
In 1944, 44 nations held a conference at Bretton Woods, U. S. A. , to plan better cooperation in world trade and currency matter.
3.弹性汇率从没有真正地“干净”或自由地浮动过。因为中央银行为了稳定汇率采取了各种措施对货币价格进行干涉。
The flexible exchange rate system has never been clean float or free float, because the central bank takes various measures to intervene in the price of its currency in order to stabilize the exchange rate.
4.在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提高一国的外汇汇率。Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund, increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.
5.外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率、售出汇率、和两者的平均值----中间汇率。
There are three types of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selling rate and the average of the previous two the medial rate.
(十八)
#1.这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水平。
The common objective of these institutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries.
2.国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当大一部分来自它的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的不断流入。
A substantial contribution to the IBRD’s resources comes from its retained earnings and the flow of repayments on its loans.
3.国际复兴开发银行的贷款是向处于经济和社会发展较高阶段的发展中国家提供的。
The loans of IBRD are directed toward developing countries at more advanced stages of economic and social growth.
#4.国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款。
The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term loans to those members
with payment difficulties.
5.为了承担这项使命，多边投资担保机构向投资者提供担保以防范非商业性风险，向发展中成员国政府提供咨询，并为国际商业界与东道国政府就投资问题安排对话。
To undertake this mission, MIG offers investors guarantees against noncommercial risks, advises developing member governments on policies and sponsors dialogues between the international business community and host governments on investment issues.
(十九)
1.对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式，一国居民为进行督控和经营通过对外投资获取另一国的资产。
Foreign direct investment is the major form of international investment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.
2.控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一。而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要发面。
Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI. And lowering production costs is an important consideration.
3.直接在国外经营提高一个公司产品的能见度，使当地客户对他们所购买的商品更加放心。
Operating directly abroad enhances the visibility of a firm’s products, making local customers feel more assured about the things they buy.
4.及时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而提高经营效率。
The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.
5.国外直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业、购买现有设施和建立合资公司。
FDI is mainly practiced in three forms: Building new enterprises, purchasing existing facilities and forming joint ventures.
(二十)
1.选择权是指在特定的时间内按规定的价格购买或出售一种证券的权利。
Options are contracts giving the right to buy or sell a security at an agreed price within a particular period of time.
3.政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是出售金边证券。
One of the ways the government meets the public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks.
4.通过为证券的发行和交易提供中心市场，股票交易所长期为政府、工业以及投资商的需求服务。
The Stock Exchange has long served the needs of government, industry and
investors in providing the central market place for the issuing and trading of securities.
5.国际股票交易所提供了一种途径，使人们的存货能够为那些需要资金的人所利用。
The International Stock Exchange provides a channel through which the savings can reach those who need finance.
(二十一)
1.关贸总协定体系(现为世界贸易组织)是通过一系列的贸易谈判或回合发展起来的，它最初有三个基本目标。
The GATT system (now WTO) was developed through a series of trade negotiations or rounds. It originally had three basic goals.
2.加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的改革和发展，提高商品和服务的质量，降低商品成本和服务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法制。
China’s WTO accession will benefit China because it will help advance its reform and development, improve the quality and reduce the cost of goods and services, spur investment and the creation of new jobs, and promote the rule of law.
3.世界贸易组织的主要目的是为了促进自由贸易、进一步减少贸易壁垒并建立更有效的贸易纠纷解决机制。
The main objectives of WTO are to promote free trade, further reduce trade barriers, and establish more effective trade dispute settlement procedures. 4.WTO争端解决机制是当今国际水准上的最为活跃的体系而且对国际法的持续发展具有重大意义。
The WTO dispute settlement system is the most is the most active one today at the international level and has tremendous importance for the progressive development of international law.
5.尽管中国取得了很大的成就，但仍然面临巨大的挑战。一部分挑战和竞争来自于农业、银行业和保险业，还有一部分来自于一些国家所采取的贸易保护主义措施。
Despite all the achievements, China still faces big challenges. Some of the challenges and competition are from the agricultural sector and banking and insurance industries. And some are caused by the protectionist measures in some countries.
（二十二）
1.尽管第一次会议没有制定出具体目标，联合国贸易和发展会议的总任务是制定、协商和实施改善发展进程的措施。
Although no specific objectives were laid down at the first conference, the general target of UNCTAD is to formulate, negotiate and implement measures to improve the development process.
2.在没有有效协议的情况下，一旦出口收入下降，应立即采用强制的合自动的补救措施。
In the absence of effective agreements, compulsory and automatic compensatory measures should be introduced as soon as there is a decline in
export earnings.
3.实际上西方国家在使低收入国家繁荣起来的同时，其对这些国家的出口将增加，因此也能获得经济效益。
The western nations would, in fact, also have an economic interest when they are bringing prosperity to the low-income countries, since their exports to these countries would thus be stepped up.
4.国际经济新秩序主要是要求发达国家提供更多的现金和贸易发面的优惠。
The new international economic order is mainly a demand for more cash and trade concessions from the developed countries.
高中英语汉译英 1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen） 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) :介意做某事 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) finish doing:完成做某事 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) wash up 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to). 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off). 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to). 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动). 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) not…at all:一点都不 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时). 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议. 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学。 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时)
★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。
★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the
《国际商务英语》串讲 A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明 account executive n. （广告公司）客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政 administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （AGM）股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的 appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求；应用，运用 applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施 appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价 appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出（款项） approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能 *arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁 *arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合 assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价 asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产 fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产 intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产 tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席 audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作 意识；警觉awareness n. average n. 平均，平均水准 B n. 贿赂backhander n. backing 财务支持，赞助
第 2讲 要求对中文词组或句子进行翻译。要求应试者有相关词汇的积累，表达能力的体现及习惯用语的熟练程度。单词拼写要求准确，句子要求通顺无误。 共10题，15分。 1．具体询盘 2．百分之二的佣金 3．商品目录 4．出口单证 5．目的港 6．原产地证书 7．包装要求 8．供我方参考 9．即期信用证 10．品质超群 11.工艺精湛 12.在中国议付有效 13.警告性标志 14.装箱单 15.业务（贸易）伙伴 16.国有公司 17.商品检验 18.预约保险单 19.剪样 20.中国产地证 1.现金折扣 2.短装 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 汉译英 小测 备考单词句子
3.单价 4.续订单 5.即期装运 6.中国保险条款 7.商会 8.零售网点 9.实盘 10.一式三份 11.保险代理人 12.销售包装 13．发货人 14．保险凭证 15．贴身包装 16．出口订货 17．承兑 18．欧洲主要港口 19. 行名录 20. 带插图的商品目录21．收货人 22．平安险 23．账户 24．预约保险 25．指示提单 26.（资信）证明人27.做工；工艺 28.可供数量 29.轻工业产品 30.单证 31.小保单 32.首次询盘 33.数量折扣 34.交货条件 35.保险费 36.拼箱货 37.海运 38.行业杂志 39.保兑的、不可撤销的信用证 40.现金折扣 41.佣金 42.发票金额 43.运输标志 44.分批装运 45.装运单据 46.已装船通知 47.租船 48.商业信用 49.资信证明人 50.战争险 1.我方相信这些预防措施可防止货物再次出现损坏。 We believe that these precautions will be able to prevent a recurrence of damage. 2.我方已通知银行将该笔款项记入你公司账户的贷方。 We have instructed the bank to credit the amount into your account. 3.整套清洁已装船提单。 a full set of clean shipped /shipped on board bills of lading 4.该商品的报价为每打上海港船上交货价18美元。 This article is quoted at US$18.00 per dozen, FOB Shanghai. 5.兹授权你方按发票金额向该银行开立45天远期汇票。 You are authorized to draw on the bank at 45 days for the amount of the invoice value.
1.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice） At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist/traveller (for help). 2.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur） If never occurred / didn’t occur to me that Tom would/should be elected/made chairman of the Student’s Union. 3.如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。（convenient） If (it is) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office/please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel. 4.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply） Students should be encouraged/We should encourage students to apply what they have learned in class to practice . 5.如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。（unless） Our school basketball team will not beat the opponents in the final match/final(s) unless the team members strengthen their cooperation / cooperate well with each other. 1．请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or） Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible /you can , or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity . 2．那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（It…） It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty . 3．勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。（infect） Washing hands often/frequently /regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease (s). 4．这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。（remote） The railway crosses/goes across/runs across the plain and connects /, connection the remote mountain (ous ) city with the sea port . 5．这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that） The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back , aside )/ leaving it aside . 1．我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式(look forward to) We are looking forward to taking part in the opening ceremony of the art to be held next week. 2．多参加些体育锻炼，你就不那么容易感冒了。(If…) If you take more PE exercises, you will not catch a cold so easily. 3．因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why) The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was lack of practice/ that he lacked practice. 4．直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(not…until…) He didn't know the importance of obeying the traffic rules until he was sent into the room of operation. 5．虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer) Though she is single and has no friends or relatives, all the neighbors offer her help/ a helping hand /to help her. 1. 小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。 (help)
全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷 2011年5月 Ⅰ．Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions:Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve heard. L/C is a written by a bank given to the exporter at the request of the importer to effect up to a stated sum of money within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents. L/C is the most generally used method of payment in the of international trade. It is reliable and safe because it gives protection to both the exporter and the importer. The exporter is assured of payment once he has shipped the goods as stipulated in the and the importer is assured of getting the right goods once he has made payment accordingly. Section B Directions: Listen to the tape and translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. . 2. . 3. . 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第1 页（共13页）
国际商务英语复习题 1.Vocabulary and Structure 1.Please be informed that any additional freight will be__________buyers’account. A. to B.on C.in D.of 2.You can fly to London to have the business talk this evening____you change planes in Paris. A.in case B.provided C.unless D.except 3.We have been________with that client for so many years. A.contacting B.approaching C.doing business D.getting touch 4.We invite your_________to our enquiry without any delay. A.attending B.attention C.attraction D.interest 5.Chinese cotton piece goods are quite_________in the Far Eastern market,of which we have had some experience. A.welcome B.popular C.appreciated
6.We would like to________that your price is on the high side on our buyer’s market. https://www.doczj.com/doc/f89432190.html,rm B.advise C.notify D.announce 7.Not until the seller ships the goods____to pay in the letter of credit. A.is the buyer required B.the buyer is required C.will the buyer be required D.the buyer will be required 8.Everything______consideration,the price is reasonable. A.take into B.taking into C.being taken D.taken into 9.It needs____that the L/C should reach us30days before the month of shipment A.being mentioned B.mentioned C.to be mentioned D.mention 10.The plane arrived late,thus_______us unable to leave for Guangzhou in time. A.making B.made C.make D.to make 11.Emphasis has to be laid on the point_______shipment must be made within the validity of the L/C. A.what B.which C.that
考试简介 全国商务英语翻译（ETTBL）是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试，以全国《商务英语翻译教程》（口译/笔译）的培训大纲为基础，内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课，侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌，弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口，培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才，缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期，尽快适应工作；提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力，更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后，参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定，根据考评结果，颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据，是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用，并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库，借助中国商务人才网（）的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。
职业定义 初级：能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级：能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书，办公室主管等。 高级：能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师：能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译，并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师：能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译；在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译，解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生，不论学历高低，均可参加。
《国际商务英语》期中考试题 i. Put the following from English into Chinese or vice versa. 1. terms of payment 付款方法 6.预付运费Prepaid freight 2. enclosed please find 随函寄上7.报CIF伦敦价格Quote CIF London price 3. by separate post 另行邮寄8.即期信用证Sight L／C 4. profit margin 边际利润9. 以我方为受益人in our favor 5. quantity discounts 数量折扣10. 装船通知Shipping advice ii. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. 1.Your company has been introduced to us by the Bank of China as prospective buyers of electronic products. As we deal in the items, we shall be pleased to establish direct business relations with you. 中国银行向我们介绍贵公司是有希望的电子产品买主。由于我们经营该商品，我们很乐意与你建立直接的贸易关系。 2.In reply to your letter dated March 28, we enclose our latest illustrated catalogue for your reference. 兹复你方3月28日函，我们附上最新的带有插图的目录，供你方参考。 3.We are interested in your “Red Flower” Brand Varnish(清漆), but regret to say that your price is about 8% higher than that of other suppliers for similar quality products. 我们对你方的“红色的花”牌清漆(清漆)感兴趣,但很遗憾你方的价格高于其他供应商质量相同的产品价格8%左右。 iii. Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English. 1.如果你方价格有竞争力，我们愿首次订购1200打，即各种型号各400打。 If your prices are competitive,we are willing to place our first order for 1200 dozen,ie,400 dozen of each type. 2.我们的产品在世界市场上十分畅销，以其优良的品质和合理的价格而值得介绍。 Our products are popular in the world market, with its excellent quality and reasonable price worth introduction. 3.请报最好的CIF上海价格，注明最早装运期。 Please quote us your best CIF Shanghai price, indicating the earliest time of shipment. 4.最近对我们的山地自行车需求量很大，我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。 recently, mountain bike great demand for us, there is no guarantee that new orders on June 30 before delivery. 5.我们已决定委托你方在中国独家代理我方的玩具产品。 We've decided to entrust you with the sole agent of our toy products in China iv. Translate the following letter into English. XX 先生： 我们感谢你方1月2日的询盘，并高兴地获悉你方愿与我们建立贸易关系。按照要求，现向你方报盘如下，以你方答复于20XX年11月7日前到达此地为有效。 规格：蝴蝶牌浴巾(Turkish towel) NJ011 数量：20000打 价格：纽约到岸价含佣金5%，每打22美圆。 包装：每盒一打，每一纸板箱20盒。
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement 3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。 Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project 4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. 5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式 Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market. （二） 1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。 GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country's income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place 2.要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents. 3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域，高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家 Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income 4.中国现在的年人均收入为1100 美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。 China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago. 5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎，东盟国家，俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China. （三） 1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越严重。 The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration. 2 经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应适用同一的货币。 The members of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency. 3 欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the body which puts proposals to the Council of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty 4APEC 建立与在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12 位成员国出席，分别是澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六国。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attened by 12members of Australia，the united states，canada，japan，republic of korea，new zealand and six ASEAN countries. 5 著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991 年建立的。 The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and
Unit 1 1、take place __________ 2、beauty n. __________ 3、harvest n. & vt. & vi. __________ 4、celebration n. __________ 5、hunter n. __________ 6、starve vi. & vt. __________ 7、origin n. __________ 8、religious adj__________ 9、△seasonal adj. __________ 10、ancestor n. __________ 11、Obon n. __________ 12、grave n. __________ 13、incense n. __________ 14、in memory of __________ 15、Mexico n. __________ 16、feast n. __________ 17、△skull n. __________ 18、bone n. __________ 19、△Halloween n. __________ 20、belief n. __________ 21、dress up __________ 22、trick n. vt. __________ 23、play a trick on __________ 24、poet n. __________ 25、△Columbus Day __________ 26、arrival n. ；__________ 27、Christopher Columbus__________ 28、gain vt__________ 29、independence n. __________ 30、independent adj. __________ 31、gather vt. & vi.&n__________. 32、agriculture n. __________ 33、agricultural adj. __________ 34、award n.vt. __________ 35、△produce n. __________ 36、rooster n.__________ 37、admire vt. __________ 38、energetic adj. __________ 39、look forward to __________ 40、△carnival n. __________ 41、△lunar adj. __________ 42、Easter n.__________ 43、△parade n. __________ 44、day and night __________ 45、clothing n. __________
国际商务英语词汇1 《国际商务英语》串讲笔记1A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传 absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与 absenteeism n. (经常性)旷工，旷职 absorb v. 吸收，减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近(或进入)的机会，享用权 v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿 account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作 accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目 account for 解释，说明 account executive n. (广告公司)客户经理 *accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成 acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到(某物)，承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到 *acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份 acting adj. 代理的
activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应 administration n. 实施，经营，行政administer v. 管理，实施 adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告 ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人 allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组 ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还 analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会anticipate v. 期望