International Business English
Lesson 1
International Business/国际商务
Business Knowledge:
The major differences between international business and domestic business
A.Differences in legal systems 法律体系
B.Differences in currencies 货币
C? Differences in cultural background
D? Different in natural and economic conditions
The major types of international business
A.Trade
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e141789.html,modity trade 商品贸易
b? Service trade
B.In vestment
a.Foreign direct investment
b.Portfolio investment 证券投资
C.Other types
a. Licensing and franchising许可经营和特许经营
b? Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产
c.Turnkey project and BOT
Trade Terms:
1.Customs iirea 关税区：
2.Conversion货币兑换
3.Visible trade 有形贸易：The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goods
produced or manufactured in one country for con sumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)
4.Invisible trade 无形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance,
consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.
5.FDI 外国直接投资：Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or
assets invested in a host country? / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.
6.Portfolio investment 证券投资：Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than
controlling ?
7.Stocks 股票：Capital stocks or bonds.
8.Bonds 债券：The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money
lent or invested together with interest.
9.Maturity （票据等）到期
10.Certificate of deposit 大额存单
11 ?Licensing 许可经营：In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm
in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty （许町费）?
12.Franchising 特许经营：Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,
franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.
13.Trade Mark 商标
14.Patent 专利
15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费，版税
16.Copyright 版权
17.Licenser 许可方
I8?Licensee被许可方
19.Franchiser 特许方：A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and
operating techniques for royalty?
20.Franchisee 被特许方：A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.
21.Management contract 管理合同:Under a management contract, one company offers managerial
or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume?
22.Value chain 价值链
23.Turnkey project "交钥匙" 工程：For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract
with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion?
24.BOT 建设.经营和移交：Build, Operate, Transfer
25.Expertise专门知识
26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴
27.Royalty许可使用费
28.Internationa】investment 国际投资:Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.
29.Contract manufacturing 承包空产
30.GATT 关贸总协定：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
31.International business 国际商务：Transaction between parties from different countries.
Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export?
32.Intellectual property 知识产权
33.Oil deposit:石油储备=oil reserves
34.the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备
35.Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
Answer the following questions:
1.What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international
business and domestic business.
A: International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries? Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export?
Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:
(1)Differences in legal systems
(2)Differences in currencies
(3)Differences in cultural background
(4)Different in natural and economic conditions
2.Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming
more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international
trade?
A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade? The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries? The later is become more and more important.
3.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business? A: Cultural differences including languagc, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.
4.Please elaborate （详细说明）on the two categories （种类）of international investment
What is their major difference?
A: FD1 （Foreign direct investment） is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country?
/外国宜接投资：通过控制其它投资在他国的企业和资产获得回报C
Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than control I ing. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit?
/证券投资：不以控制为H的而购买外国的金融资产，如：股票、债券和定期存款单。
5.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign
market?
A: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in anothcr country. /国际许可即：-?家公司允许国外的公司使用它的知识产权。
They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.可直接收取知识产权费,不必现金开办新业务Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.亨有当地经营优势，而在所有权和经营上不承担义务The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.当东道国的关税高或非关税壁垒多时，国际许可经营更受欢迎。
6.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?
A: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of anothcr, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.
/在特许经营情况下，特许使用方以特许授子方的名义开展业务，后者向前者提供商标、品牌、公司经营技巧等而获取特许使用费。
In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee?
7.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?
A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services （管理或Jt 它专门H 艮务）to another within a particular period for a flat pay me nt or a percentage of the relevant business volume （相关业务总价值的百分比）.When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.
8.What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it? A: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser （夕卜国买方）and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping （装Pk!设备）before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major diffcrcncc between BOT and the common turnkey project
Translate the following sentences into English:
1?国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
International business refers to transaction between parties form different countries? It involves more factors and thus is more complicated the domestic business?
2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business?Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business arc management con tract, contract
manufacturing and turnkey project.
4?国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。
International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in anothe匚
5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a forcign market.
Lesson 2
Income Level and the World Market / 收入水平和世界市场
Business Knowledge:
(1)GNPandGDP
(2)Per capita in come and per capita GDP
(3)High-income, middle income and low-income countries
A.Standards for classification
B.Representative countries
(4)Triad and Quad
A.United States
B.Western Europe i丿欧
C.Japan
D.Canada
(5)Other important markets for China
Trade Terms:
1.GNP 国民生产总值：Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced
by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.
/一个经济体凭借菇居民拥有的资产和劳动力所生产的货物和服务的市场价值。
2.GDP 国内生产总值：Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services
produced within the geographic area of an economy.
/一个经济体地理区域内所生产的所有实物产品和服务的价值。
3?National income国民收入
4.Per capita income 人均收入
5.Per capita GDP 人均国内生产总值：It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population,
which reveals the average income level of consumers?
6.PPP 购买力平价：Purchasing power parity
7.Consumerism 费主义
& Income distribution 收入分布：The proportions (比例)of its rich, middle income and poor people ?
9.Infra structure 基础设施
1(). Staple goods 大路货
11.Invoice (开)发票
12.Creditor country 债权国
13.OECD 经合组织，经济合作与开发组织：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
14.The Commonwealth of Independent States 独联体，独立国家联合体
15.ASEAN 东盟，东南亚国家联盟：Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.
16.NIEs (亚洲四小虎)：Newly Industrialized Economies
17.Factors of production 生产要素
Answer the following questions:
1.Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and point out their major difference. Can we use them interchangeably?
A: GNP (Gross national Product) refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) measures
the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The difference between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factors of production while GDP concentrates on the place where production takes place? The difference between GNP and GDP can be ignored since it very small in most cases? Therefore, wc can use them intcrchangcably.
2.In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential of
a particular market?
A: Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy, which is important in market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods （grain, steel or cement）. Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables?
3.What are meant by high income, middle income, and low-income countries according to the World Bank? Cite some examples for each group.
A: High-income countries: those enjoying annual per capita income of $9386 and above. In this group comprise three types of countries; most members of OECD, rich oil producing countries of the Middle East, small-industrialized countries or regions.
/包括经合组织的大多数成员国、中东石油生产国、工业发达的小国和地区。
Middle-income countries: those with annual per capita income below $9386 but above $765?Included in this category is most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, six OECD members, quite a number of Latin American countries and some comparatively developed countries in Asia, South Africa and oil-producing countries in African.
/东欧的大多数国家、大多数独联体国家、经合组织的留个成员国、相当数量的拉美国家。
Low-income countries: those that have per capita incomes of only $765 or even less? Most African countries, some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries are included in this group ?
4.Why are high-income countries important to trade and investment? Should we neglect low-income countries in international business?
A: High-income countries often have good infrastructure （基础设施）,high purchasing power, and advanced technology, efficient management （有效管理）and favorable environment for trade and investme nt?
They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and are both attractive sources and destinations of investment.是高档消费品的主要市场,在吸引外资/对外投资都处于有利地位。
In international trade the low-income countries should not be neglected, because they constitute markets for lowcr-priccd staple goods（价格低的大宗商品），provide cheap labor and arc often rich in resources? Once tapped, the business potential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities. / 一经开发，商业潜力有-?天会成为实际的商业机会
5.Was China a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?
A: China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-incomc country just a few years ago.
6.What does the term “Triad” refers to （三方组合）? What is meant by Quad （四方组合）? A: The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world; the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. The scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad?
7.How much do you know about OECD? Please make a brief account
A: OECD means Organization for Economic C（x）peration and Development. The organization is included 29 members, 23 of them are high-income countries and 6 are middle-income countries. The headquarters is in Paris.
8.What is the best policy for China to develop business opportunities?
A: So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us （应特别关注的其它市场还有周边地区,如）:the Four Tigers （亚洲四小虎）,the ASEAN countries, Russia, India and a bit farther away Australia? These countries or regions either have rich consumers and offer good business opportunities or are developing fast with very promising market potential. And their geographical proximity （地理上接近）to China is a great advantage for us in developing business relations with （hem.
Translate the following sentences into English:
1.民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country's total income? The difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the country where production takes place?
2.要评估某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
In assessing the potential of a country as a market, people often look at per capita income since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.-
3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high?income, middle-income and low-income economies?
4.中国现在年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。
China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.
5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。
As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. These countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.
Lesson 3
Regional Economic Integration / 地区经济一体化
Business Knowledge:
(1)Major objectives of regional integration *
(2)For levels of regional economic integration
A. Free trade area
B. Customs union
C. Common market
D. Economic union
(3)European Union (EU)
(4)Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
(5)Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Trade Terms:
1.Economic integration 经济一体化
2.Free trade area 口由贸易区：The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while
still adopts each own external policy. / □由贸易区扫除了成员间商品、服务门由流动的障碍。
3.Customs union 关税同盟：The members remove biirriers to trade among themselves and
adopt the same external policy./^消除成员间的贸易壁垒外，所有成员对外实行和同的贸易政策。
4.Tariff rates 关税税率
5.Settlement
6.NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定:North American Free Trade Agreement
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e141789.html,mon market 市场：The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of
production and adopt the same external policy?
8.Banknotes circulation 货币流通
9.Cartel卡塔尔
10.APEC亚太经合组织，亚洲太平洋经济合作组Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
11 ?OPEC 石油输出国组织：Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
12.European Commission 欧盟委员会
13.Council of ministers 部长理事会
14.Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议
15.Quota Restrictions 配额限制
16.Economic Union (EU)经济同盟：The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to
factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency?
17.EU 欧盟，欧洲联盟：European Union
18.EC 欧共体，欧洲共同ft: European Community
19.Benelux 荷比卢(比利时、荷兰利卢森堡三国)：Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg
20.Mercosur 南方共同市场：Southern Cone Customs Union
21.ECSC 欧洲煤钢共同体：European Coal and Steel Community
22.EEC 欧洲经济共同体：European Economic Community
23.EURATOM欧洲原子能共同体，欧洲原子能联营：European Atomic Energy Community
24.SOM 高官会议:Senior Officials Meeting
25.TILF 贸易投资便利化自由化:Trade and investment liberation and facilitation
26.ECOTECH 经济技术合作：Economic and technical cooperation
27.Political entity 政治实体
28.Sovereign state 主权国家
29.Multi-polarization 多极化
30.Sub-committee 分委员会
31.NTA 新跨大西洋议程：New Transatlantic Agenda
32.TABD 跨大西洋商业对话：Transatlantic Business Dialogue
33.TACD 跨大西洋消费者对话:Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue
34.Territory economies 区域经济体
35.Pacific Rim环太平洋圈
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e141789.html,rmal Meeting of Economic Leaders 领导人非正式会议
Answer the following questions:
1.What is a free trade area? Make a brief account of the most notable free trade area in the
world.
A: Free trade area is the loosest form in the regional economic integration (经济一体化程度最低)? Members in this form removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders? The most notable one is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991 with over 360 million consumers and total GDP of more than 6 trillion US dollars.
2.In what way is a customs union different from a free trade area?
A: The Customs Union goes a step further by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing trade barriers among themselves Imports from other countries are subject to the same tariff.
3.What are the characteristics of a common market? Which organization remained a
common market for some years in the past?
A: The common market is further up the scale of regional economic integration. Besides free movement of goods and services and adoption of common external trade policy, factors of production such as labor, capital and technology arc free to move among members so that they can be utilized in a more efficient and productive way. In the past, the European Community remained a common market for some years?
4.How much do vou know about an economic union? Can members of an economic union
keep all of their national sovereignty?
A: The economic union is the highest form of economic integration, which is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of (在…方面)economy, finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and free production factor mobility?
The members of an Economic Union arc required not only to harmonize (彳呆持-?致)their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, ctc.t but also use the same currency?
The member are required to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is eroding the tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.
5.Make a brief account of the origin and development of the EU (European Union) ?
A: The first community, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established in 1952, which set the stage for more ambitious integration efforts?
The signing of the monumental Treaty of Rome in 1957 marks the establishment of the European Economic Community with the aim of gradually realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well as the harmonization of economic policies of the member countries?Ten years later in 1967, the European Community was formed by merging EEC, ECSC and European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM).
1992 it became a true common miirket as envisaged by the Single European Act. Then on January 1, 1994 the European Union (EU) came into being on the strength of the Maastricht Treaty?From the beginning of 1999 most of the members began to use the common European currcncy for
accounting and settlement and in 2002, euro banknotes and coins were put into circulation.
6.What is the most powerful institution of the EU? What is the executive body of the EU? How
does it operate?
A: The most powerful institution of the EU is the Council of Ministers?
Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23 departments in charge of different affairs?
Decisions of the council are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size. Different ministers attend the council meeting depending on the matters discussed? The council even has the power to pass legislation.
7.Explain briefly the live layer organizational structure of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. A: a. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders
b.Dual-Ministerial Meeting
c.Ministers Responsible for Trade
d.The Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
e.Subordinate committees under SOM: Committee of Trade and Investment, Economic Committee, Economic and Technical Cooperation Sub-committee of SOM and Budget Management Committee.
8.What are the tenet and objectives of APEC? What do its two wheels mean?
A: The tenet and objectives of APEC are inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system and reduction of regional trade barriers?
Its two wheels mean trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF) and economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH).
9.What are the nature and objectives of OPEC?
A: OPEC is a commodity cartel. It tried to limit the overall crude oil supply of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices?
Translate the following sentences into English:
1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越重要。
The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.
2.最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立的。
The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991?
3.经济联盟成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应使用同
一货币。
The members of an Economic Union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry polices, etc., but also use the same currency?
4.欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各
成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。
The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the European Union. It is the body that puts proposals to the Council of Minister for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty.
5.APEC建立于在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12位成员国出
席，分别为澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、新西兰和东盟六国。
APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australian capital CanbeiTa attended by 12 members of Australia, the United States, Canada. Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries.
Lesson 4
Economic Globalization / 经济全球化
Business Knowledge:
(1)Economic globalization as an objective trend
A.Basic feature *
B.Advantages and negative impacts
(2)Multinational corporations
https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e141789.html,anization- parent and affiliates
B.Characteristics
a.Enormous in size
b.Wide geographical spread
c.Longevity and rapid growth
C? Need, goals and roles
a.Profit
b? Security
c. As vehicles for cross-border transfer resources
D. Four types
a.Multi-domestic corporation
b? Global corporation
c.Transnational corporation
d.World company
Trade Terms:
1.Share holders 股东
2.Economic globalization 经济全球化
3? Board of directors 葦事会
4.Inputs 投入
5.Economic environment 经济环境
6.Parent MNC headquarter跨国公司母公司，总部
7.Affiliate MNC子公司，分支机构，附属机构
& Branch company 分公司
9? Subsidiary company 子公司
10.Day-to-day running Id 常管理
11.MNC 跨国公司=TNC: Multinational corporation, are made up of vast numbers of foreign
subsidiaries, companies in which over 50 percent is owned by the parent company?
12.Home country 母国：The country where the headquarter of the investor is located?
…母公司所在地：The country where the parent company of a MNE locates.
13.Host country 东道国:The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates?
…东道国：The country where an affiliate MNC locates.
★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。
★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the
《国际商务英语》串讲 A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明 account executive n. （广告公司）客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政 administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （AGM）股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的 appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求；应用，运用 applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施 appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价 appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出（款项） approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能 *arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁 *arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合 assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价 asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产 fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产 intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产 tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席 audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作 意识；警觉awareness n. average n. 平均，平均水准 B n. 贿赂backhander n. backing 财务支持，赞助
International Business English Lesson 1 International Business/国际商务 Business Knowledge: The major differences between international business and domestic business A.Differences in legal systems 法律体系 B.Differences in currencies 货币 C? Differences in cultural background D? Different in natural and economic conditions The major types of international business A.Trade https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e141789.html,modity trade 商品贸易 b? Service trade B.In vestment a.Foreign direct investment b.Portfolio investment 证券投资 C.Other types a. Licensing and franchising许可经营和特许经营 b? Management contract and contract manufacturing 管理合同和承包生产 c.Turnkey project and BOT Trade Terms: 1.Customs iirea 关税区： 2.Conversion货币兑换 3.Visible trade 有形贸易：The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for con sumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) 4.Invisible trade 无形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.
全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷 2011年5月 Ⅰ．Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions:Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve heard. L/C is a written by a bank given to the exporter at the request of the importer to effect up to a stated sum of money within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents. L/C is the most generally used method of payment in the of international trade. It is reliable and safe because it gives protection to both the exporter and the importer. The exporter is assured of payment once he has shipped the goods as stipulated in the and the importer is assured of getting the right goods once he has made payment accordingly. Section B Directions: Listen to the tape and translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. . 2. . 3. . 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第1 页（共13页）
国际商务英语复习题 1.Vocabulary and Structure 1.Please be informed that any additional freight will be__________buyers’account. A. to B.on C.in D.of 2.You can fly to London to have the business talk this evening____you change planes in Paris. A.in case B.provided C.unless D.except 3.We have been________with that client for so many years. A.contacting B.approaching C.doing business D.getting touch 4.We invite your_________to our enquiry without any delay. A.attending B.attention C.attraction D.interest 5.Chinese cotton piece goods are quite_________in the Far Eastern market,of which we have had some experience. A.welcome B.popular C.appreciated
6.We would like to________that your price is on the high side on our buyer’s market. https://www.doczj.com/doc/0e141789.html,rm B.advise C.notify D.announce 7.Not until the seller ships the goods____to pay in the letter of credit. A.is the buyer required B.the buyer is required C.will the buyer be required D.the buyer will be required 8.Everything______consideration,the price is reasonable. A.take into B.taking into C.being taken D.taken into 9.It needs____that the L/C should reach us30days before the month of shipment A.being mentioned B.mentioned C.to be mentioned D.mention 10.The plane arrived late,thus_______us unable to leave for Guangzhou in time. A.making B.made C.make D.to make 11.Emphasis has to be laid on the point_______shipment must be made within the validity of the L/C. A.what B.which C.that
绝密 考试结束前 全国2015年4月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语试题 课程代码:05844 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案写在答题纸上三 注意事项: 1.答题前, 考生务必将自己的考试课程名称二姓名二准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上三 2.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上, 不能答在试题卷上三Ⅰ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mE n g l i s h i n t oC h i n e s e :(10%)1.p r i m a r y c o mm o d i t i e s 2.e x c h a n g e r a t e f l u c t u a t i o n 3.i n s u r a n c e p o l i c y 4.e c o n o m i c c o n f l i c t 5.v o l u n t a r y e x p o r t r e s t r i c t i o n 6.m a r k e t f l o o r 7.c o u n t e r -v e i l i n g m e a s u r e s 8.c o n s u m p t i o n p r e f e r e n c e 9.b u l k g o o d s 10.E u r o p e a nP a r l i a m e n t Ⅱ.T r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s a n d e x p r e s s i o n s f r o mC h i n e s e i n t oE n g l i s h :(10%)11.预付现金 12.报价 13.唛头 14.储备货币 15.并购16.长期资本 17.关税区 18.双边贸易
新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商
《国际商务英语》期中考试题 i. Put the following from English into Chinese or vice versa. 1. terms of payment 付款方法 6.预付运费Prepaid freight 2. enclosed please find 随函寄上7.报CIF伦敦价格Quote CIF London price 3. by separate post 另行邮寄8.即期信用证Sight L／C 4. profit margin 边际利润9. 以我方为受益人in our favor 5. quantity discounts 数量折扣10. 装船通知Shipping advice ii. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. 1.Your company has been introduced to us by the Bank of China as prospective buyers of electronic products. As we deal in the items, we shall be pleased to establish direct business relations with you. 中国银行向我们介绍贵公司是有希望的电子产品买主。由于我们经营该商品，我们很乐意与你建立直接的贸易关系。 2.In reply to your letter dated March 28, we enclose our latest illustrated catalogue for your reference. 兹复你方3月28日函，我们附上最新的带有插图的目录，供你方参考。 3.We are interested in your “Red Flower” Brand Varnish(清漆), but regret to say that your price is about 8% higher than that of other suppliers for similar quality products. 我们对你方的“红色的花”牌清漆(清漆)感兴趣,但很遗憾你方的价格高于其他供应商质量相同的产品价格8%左右。 iii. Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English. 1.如果你方价格有竞争力，我们愿首次订购1200打，即各种型号各400打。 If your prices are competitive,we are willing to place our first order for 1200 dozen,ie,400 dozen of each type. 2.我们的产品在世界市场上十分畅销，以其优良的品质和合理的价格而值得介绍。 Our products are popular in the world market, with its excellent quality and reasonable price worth introduction. 3.请报最好的CIF上海价格，注明最早装运期。 Please quote us your best CIF Shanghai price, indicating the earliest time of shipment. 4.最近对我们的山地自行车需求量很大，我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。 recently, mountain bike great demand for us, there is no guarantee that new orders on June 30 before delivery. 5.我们已决定委托你方在中国独家代理我方的玩具产品。 We've decided to entrust you with the sole agent of our toy products in China iv. Translate the following letter into English. XX 先生： 我们感谢你方1月2日的询盘，并高兴地获悉你方愿与我们建立贸易关系。按照要求，现向你方报盘如下，以你方答复于20XX年11月7日前到达此地为有效。 规格：蝴蝶牌浴巾(Turkish towel) NJ011 数量：20000打 价格：纽约到岸价含佣金5%，每打22美圆。 包装：每盒一打，每一纸板箱20盒。
Unit 1~2 Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者 Trade surplus 贸易顺差 Quota and tariff 配额和关税 Government intervention 政府干预 Zero-sum game 零和博弈 Positive-sum game 常和博弈 The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论 The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论 Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论 Product life cycle 产品生命周期（+theory ……理论） Economies of scale 规模经济 Diminishing returns 收益递减规律 Green revolution 绿色革命 Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制 Deposit 佣金 First mover advantage 先占优势 Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒 Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论 National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势 The department of commerce 商务部 Letter of credit 信用证 Draft /bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading B/L 提单 Sight draft 即期汇票 Time draft 远期汇票 Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑（+bill …汇票） Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Countertrade 对等贸易 Barter 易货贸易 Switch trading 转手贸易 Offset 抵消 Counter purchase 互购贸易 Compensation trade 补偿贸易 Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports（重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口） Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade （重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差） It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another （将贸易看成零和博弈，一个国家收益一个国家受损） Absolute Advantage 绝对优势 Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it 亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势 According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法，各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品，然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品 The Benefit（好处） of Absolute Advantage and Free Trade The Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势 The Consequence（结果） of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易 1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动； the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率；the Quantity of Production 产品质量。 2. To Consumer: Welfare from Free Trade自由贸易福利: low price of imports and more consumption 低价格的进口更多的消费 Comparative Advantage比较优势 Ricardo’s theory of comparative advantage suggests that countries should specialize in the production of those goods they produce most efficiently and buy goods that they produce less efficiently from other countries, even if this means buying goods from other countries that they could produce more efficiently at home李嘉图的比较优势理论认为一个国家分工生产最有效率的产品，而从别国购买自己生产效率相对较低的产品，
国际商务英语词汇1 《国际商务英语》串讲笔记1A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传 absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与 absenteeism n. (经常性)旷工，旷职 absorb v. 吸收，减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近(或进入)的机会，享用权 v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿 account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作 accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目 account for 解释，说明 account executive n. (广告公司)客户经理 *accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成 acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到(某物)，承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到 *acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份 acting adj. 代理的
activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应 administration n. 实施，经营，行政administer v. 管理，实施 adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告 ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人 allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组 ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还 analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会anticipate v. 期望
国际商务英语-名词解 释
Lesson 1 Visible trade有形贸易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade) Invisible trade无形贸易: The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. FDI( foreign direct investments) is made of returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. Portfolio investment证券投资: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds. Bonds债券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. Licensing许可经营: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Franchising特许经营: a firm called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. Franchiser特许方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty. Franchisee被特许方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another. Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Turnkey project“交钥匙”工程: a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing , contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion . International investment国际投资: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another. International business国际商务: Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export. BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project , a firm operate a facility for a period of time after bulding it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company . Lesson 2 GNP国民生产总值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. GDP国内生产总值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. Per capita GDP人均国内生产总值: It is calculated by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers. Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people. capability at/in cost for/of at reasonable costs levied on take into account without reference to (不针对) make efforts to engage in Lesson 3 Free trade area自由贸易区: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy Customs union关税同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy Common market共同市场: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy. Economic Union (EU)经济同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency. Lesson 4
广东外语外贸大学公开学院辅导资料 国际商务英语试卷（一） 课程代码：05844 I. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese （10%） 1.International business 2.GDP 3.Free trade area 4.Multinational corporation 5.Specialization 6.specific duty 7.roll on roll off 8.EDI 9.article number 10.auction Ⅱ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English （10%） 11.返倾销 12.最惠国条款 13.贴现 14.充分就业 15.保兑信用证 16.零库存 17.代位，取代 18.保护主义 19.免除条款（豁免条款） 20.证券交易所 Ⅲ.Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right （10%） 21.contracting party a. amount above what is estimated as necessary 22.gilts b. a business concern owned or controlled in whole or in part by another concern 23.cyclical c. recurring in cycles 24.affiliate d. stocks issued by government 25.legal action e. an action taken against some one in accordance with the law. 26.margin f. a country or firm that signs a legal agreement 27.pooling g. a trace of land including its buildings 28.verified data h. a set of international rules for the interpretation of