Lesson 1
及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries, it involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.
2．随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。
With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away form international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.
3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。
Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing and turnkey project.
4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.
5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。
Besides trade and investment, licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. Lesson 2
重要概念。区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。
GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. The difference between GND and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place. 2、要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其
收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供
了线索。
In assessing the potential of a market, people often
look at its income level since it provides clues
about the purchasing power of its residents.
3、世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域：高收入
国家，中等收入国家和低收入国家。
Countries of the world are divided by the World
Bank into three categories of high-income,
middle-income and low-income economies.
4、中国现在的年人均收入为1100美元以上，但
几年前它还是个低收入国家。
China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a
middle-income country though it was a low income
country just a few years ago.
5、就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市
场，如亚洲四小虎、东盟国家、俄罗斯等国，这
些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提
供很好的商机。
So far as China is concerned, other markets we
should pay particular attention to are those around
us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia,
India, and a bit farther away Australia.
Lesson 3
The past decades witnessed increasingly
growing importance of regional economic
integration.
2.最著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它
是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立
的。
The most notable free trade area is the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it
was formed by the United States, Canada and
Mexico in 1991.
3.经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、
企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应使用同
一的货币。
The members of an Economic Union are required not
only to harmonize their taxation, government
expenditure, industry policies, etc., but also use the
same currency.
4.欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈
交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定
的条约履行自已的义务。
European Commission is one of the administration
institutions of European Union, it hands over the
proposes to the council of Ministers for decision and
oversees member countries to implement their
obligations according to the enacting clauses.
5.APEC建立于在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部
长级会议上。当时有12位成员国出席，分别为澳大
利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六
国。
APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the
Australian capital Canberra attended by 12 members of
Australia, the United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of
Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries.
Lesson 4
同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。
Economic globalization is giving new impetus and
providing opportunities to world economic
development and meanwhile making the various
economies more and more interdependent and
interactive.
2.跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的
商业组织。
Multinational enterprise is a business organization
which owns, controls and manages assets in more than
one country.
3.许多人欢呼经济全球化带来的好处，但同进也有强烈
的反对声音。
While many people are acclaiming the benefits brought
about by economic globalization, there are also loud
voices of opposition.
4.跨国公司的内部交换占整个国际贸易的一个很大的
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比例。
Intra-MNE transactions constitute a very significant proportion of total international trade.
5.尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司，
但重要决策，如有关公司目标和新投资等都由母公司来决定。
Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations maybe decentralized to the affiliates, the major decisions, such as those on corporate goal, new investments and their location, are made by the parent company.
6.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全球化已成为世界经济发展
中的一个客观趋势。
Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development. Lesson 5
足。
In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.
2.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的
因素，即国际专业化。
With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization.
3.按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到
好处。
According to the theory of comparative advantage, both countries can gain from trade.
4.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过
自已的行动发展某种特定的比较利益。
Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions.
5.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。
The theory of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade. Lesson 6
The cost will decrease if the goods are
produced on a large scale.
2.在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，
也可能永远不会发生。
In reality, however, complete specialization
may never occur even when it is economically
advantageous.
3.配额或者说数量限制是最常见的非关税壁
垒。
Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most
common form of non-tariff barriers.
4.有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易，而无形贸易
涉及的是国家间劳务交换。
Visible trade involves import and export of
goods while invisible trade involves the
exchange of services between countries.
5.国家从事的贸易种类是多样的、复杂的，往
往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。
The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied
and complex, often a mixture of visible and
invisible trade.
Lesson 7
卖方明确知道把货物安全地运到目的地所需
要的包装。
Packing should be made according to the
requirement of transportation, In most cases, the
seller knows clearly the particular type of
packing required for transporting the goods safely
to destination,
2.在许多情况下，应通知买方在卖方将货物启
运之时或之前安排验货。除非合同另有规定，
否则买方必须支付为其自身利益而安排的验
货费用。
In many cases, the buyer shall be notified to go
through the inspection of goods at or before the
time of shipment.Unless otherwise specified, the
buyer is supposed to undertake the charges of
inspection thus incurred for his own sake.
3.进口商可以通过可转让的运输单据将货物在运输途
中卖给新的买方，这类可转让单据用起来非常方便。
The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer while
they are being carried by means of negotiable for shipping
documents which are very convenient for use.
4.在所有条款中，买卖双方各自的义务排列在10项标
题下。
Under all terms, the respective obligations of the parties
have been grouped under 10 headings.
5.2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关
税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加，以及
运输方式的变化。
The 2000 revision of Incoterms took account of the
spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of
electronic communication, and the changes in transport
practices.
Lesson 8
诉，并被强制做出赔偿。
Contract is enforceable by law, and any party that fails
to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and
forced to make compensation.
2.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际
长途电话进行的商谈。
Oral negotiation refers to direct discussions or business
discussions through international trunk calls.
3.买方发出的询盘是为了获得拟定购商品的有关信息，
它对发出询盘的人无约束力。
Enquiries which made by the buyers to get information
about the goods to be ordered is made without
engagement on the part of the enquirer.
4.有效期对于确盘是必不可少的。在规定的时间之前，
或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一直是有效的。
The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer. An
offer is considered open until after a stipulated time or
until it is accepted or rejected.
5.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦作出还盘，原报盘即失效
而失去约束力。
It is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and
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unbinding once a counter-offer is made.
Lesson 9
如应对汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题。
Counter trade is often associated with policy objectives of relevant economies like dealing with foreign exchange shortages and promotion of exports.
2.实质上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交
换。
Actually, counter trade refers to direct exchange of various goods and services.
3.回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回
购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间。
Another important difference between counter purchase and buyback is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than a counter purchase deal.
4.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货
物的买与卖是分别进行的。
In normal market transactions Buying and selling of goods are unbundled, Because of the use of money and the market.
5.尽管有很多好处，反向贸易可能是风险很大的事。
Though there are many advantages, counter trade can be very risky business.
6.在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、
代理等。
Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc.
Lesson 10
方不履约的可能。
In international trade, both the exporter and the importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may not fulfill the contract.
2．为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。
Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade. 3．许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对
银行或顾客的支付命令。
A lot of international transactions are paid for
by means of the draft, which is an conditional
order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of
money to someone.
4．即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单
据。
D/P at sight requires immediate payment by the
importer to get hold of the documents.
5．就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交
单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。
So far as the exporter’s interest is concerned,
D/P at sight is more favourable than D/P after
sight, and D/P is more favourable than D/A.
Lesson 11
同时进行。
In international trade it is almost impossible to
match payment with physical delivery of the
goods.
2.信用证付款方式对买卖双方都提供保障。
Payment by means of letter of credit offers
security to both the seller and the buyer.
3.现代信用证在19世纪后半叶开始采用，第一
次世界大战后得到了实质性的发展。
Modern credits were introduced in the second
half of the 19th century and had substantial
development after the First World War.
4.要么因为信用证金额过大，要么因为对开证
行不完全信任，出口商有时可能需要保兑的
信用证。
Sometimes the exporter may require a
confirmed letter of credit either because the
credit mount is too large, or because he does
not fully trust the opening bank.
5.信用证的形式、长短、语言和规定各不相同。
Letters of credit are varied in form, length,
language, and stipulations.
Lesson 12 *
Letters of credit are classified into different types
according to their function, form, and mechanism.
Letters of credit fall under several categories depending
on their function, form and mechanism.
2. 光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品贸易中一
般使用跟单信用证付款。
Clean letters of credit are mainly used in non-trade
sentiment,while documentary credits are generally used
in Commodity trade.
Clean credit is generally used in non-trade settlement or
in payment in advance by means of the L/C.
3. 在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误的单据后
便立即付款。
In the case of sight credits, payment can be made a
promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable,
shipping documents.
Under a sight credit, payment is made upon
presentation of the draft and impeccable documents.
4. 远期信用证显然要使用远期汇票。付款期限可为30
天、60天甚至可长达180天。
A usance credit obviously calls for a time draft, and the
usance varies from 30, 60,to as long as 180 days.
A sight credit calls for a sight draft. The usance varies
from 30, 60, 90 days to as long as 180 days.
5. 如果信用证可以由原受益人转让给另一个或几个人，
那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证。原受益人称作第
一受益人，接受转让的人称作第二受益人。
A letter of credit,is called transferable if it can be
transferred by its original beneficial to one or more
parties.The original beneficiary is called the first
beneficiary, and the party the credits is transferred to is
called the second beneficiary.
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If a credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties, it is a transferable credit. The original beneficiary is called the first beneficiary and the party the credit is transferred to is called the second beneficiary.
6. 对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付
款方式。缔约双方应根据具体情况作出最好的选择。
The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular transaction, and the contracting parties should make their best choice according to the specific conditions.
Lesson 13 *
货时会遇到困难。
It's very important to use correct documents in international trade, otherwise the importer will have difficulties in taking delivery of the goods.
The use of correct documents is very important in international trade, or the importer will have difficulties in taking delivery of the goods.
2．商业发票，一般称“发票”，这种单据对货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进行概括性描述。
The commercial invoice, generally called the invoice makes general description of the quality, quantity, unit price, and total value of the goods.
The commercial invoice is generally called “the invoice”, this document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.
3．货物在运输过程中可能发生风险损失，需要办理货物保险。
It is necessary to insure the goods against the possible risks they are exposed to in the course of transportation. 4．已装船提单表明货明已实际装上开往目的港的承运船只。
An on board bill of lading indicates that the shipment has been actually loaded on the carrying vessel bound for the port of destination.
5．清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装
船，这意味着提单上未加任何有关包装或货物外
表不良的批注。
A clean bill of lading is one which states
that the goods have been shipped in apparent good
order and condition, which means it is devoid of
any qualifying remarks about the packing and the
outer appearance of the goods.
Lesson 14
仍然是一个原始落后的社会。
There is no doubt that a society without an
advanced transportation system remains
primitive.
2．这些方式在运作特点和性能方面不同，从而
使它们各有比较优势和劣势。五种运输方式
分别是：水路、铁路、公路、管道及航空。
The modes differ in terms of operation
characteristics and capabilities, giving them
comparative advantages and disadvantages. The
five major modes are water, rail, truck, pipeline
and air.
3．过去10年，公司自己提供运输能力的倾向越
来越大。
The past decade has seen an increasing
tendency among business firms to provide their
own transportation capability.
4．作为一个社会，我们现在的生活比完全自给
自足时要富裕，更消闲。
As a society, we enjoy a richer and more
leisurely life than we would be in a totally
self-sufficient community.
5．最近几年运输能引人注目的另一个因素就是
越来越多的使用零库存系统。这种系统是以
公司保持很少数量的生产投入的生产方式为
基础的。
Another factor that has thrust transportation
into the limelight in recent years is the growing
utilization of just-in-time inventory systems, on the
basis of a production approach in which the firm
maintains very small quantities of production inputs.
Lesson 15
以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他人。
Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, by which the
individual or the business enterprise can shift some of the
uncertainty of life to the shoulders of others.
(2) 即使是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可付已知的费
用即保险费来转移风险，而不愿面对不确定的风险损失。
Even under these circumstances, most of the firms prefer to
pay a known cost or premium for the transfer of risk, rather
than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss.
(3) 对企业来说损失的价值要比个人高很多。因此保险
费用也比一栋房子或一辆车高出许多。In the case of
business enterprises, the values exposed to loss are usually
much higher and the premium charged is substantially
higher than that for a house or a car.
(4) 企业投保的主要刺激是他们可能腾出资金，进行其
他项目的投资。
The main stimulus to the enterprise is the release of funds
for investment in the production of other items.
(5) 因此，货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和
出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保险人一方的活
动。
Therefore, cargo insurance is an activity aiming at moving
the burden of risk from the exporters and importers to the
underwriters.
Lesson 16
合同提出的索赔都不会被受理。
An insurance contract without an insurable interest to suppo
rt it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be enterta
ined.
(2) 尽管错误的陈述是无意的，但保险人还是受到欺骗。
从而保险合同无效。
Even though the mis-statement is unintentional, the underwr
iter will still be deceived and the policy voidable.
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(3) 将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状况的合同就是保险合同。
A contract of insurance is one which restores a person who has suffered a loss into the same position as he was in befor
e the loss occurred.
(4) 赔偿金额一般包括发票金额加上运输费用及保险费再加上一个商定的百分比，如10%。
The compensation payable generally includes the invoiced c ost plus freight, the insurance premium, and an agreed perce ntage, say 10%.
(5) 如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司不予赔偿。
The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the ris k covered is not the proximate cause of the loss.
Lesson 17
每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的平价。
Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value. 2. 1944年44国在美国布雷顿森林举行会议签署了协
议，计划在世界贸易和货币方面实现更好的合作。
In 1944, 44 nations held a conference at Bretton Woods, U.S.A and sign an agreement to create better cooperation on world trade and currency.
3. 弹性汇率制从没有真正地“干净”或自由地浮动过。因
为中央银行为了稳定汇率采取了各种措施对货币价格进行干涉。
The flexible exchange rate system has never been clean float or free float. The central banks take various measures to intervene in the price of its currency in order to stabilize the exchange rate
4. 在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提
高一国的外汇汇率。
Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund, increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.
5. 外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率、售出汇率和两
者的平均值——中间汇率。
There are three types of exchange rate, i.e. the
buying rate, the selling rate and the average of the
two-the medial rate.
Lesson 18
金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水
平。
The common objective of these institutions is to
help raise standards of living in developing
countries by channeling financial resources to them
from developed countries.
2、国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当大一部分来
自它的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的不断流入。
A substantial contribution to the IBRD’s resources
comes from its retained earnings and the flow of
repayments on its loans.
3、该银行的贷款是向处于经济和社会发展较高
阶段的发展中国家提供的。
The loans of this bank are directed toward
developing countries at more advanced stages of
economic and social growth.
4、国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有
困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款。
The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term
loans to those members with payment difficulties.
5、为了承担这项使命，多边投资担保机构向投
资者提供担保以防范非商业性风险，向发展中成
员国政府提供咨询，并为国际商业界与东道国政
府就投资问题安排对话。
To carry out this mandate, MIGA offers investors
guarantees against noncommercial risks; supply
advice to developing member governments, and
sponsors a dialogue between the international
business community and host governments on
investment issues.
Lesson 19
居民为进行督控和经营能过对外投资获取另一
国的资产。
Foreign direct investment is the major form of international
investment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets
in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and
managing them.
2、控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一。
而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面。
Controlling cost is the first major motivation for engaging
in FDI. And lowering production costs is an important
consideration.
3、直接在国外经营提高一个公司产品的能见度，使当地
客户对他们所购买的商品更加放心。
Operating directly abroad enhances the visibility of a firm’s
products, making local customers feel more assured about
the things they buy.
4、即时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而
提高经营效率。
The introduction of JIT inventory management system can
minimize the inventory to increase efficiency.
5、国外直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业、购买现
有设放和建立合资公司。
FDI is mainly practised in three forms: building new
enterprises, purchasing existing facilities and forming joint
ventures.
Lesson 20
一种证券的权利。
Options are contracts giving the right to buy and sell a
security at an agreed price within a particular period of
time.
2、未挂牌证券市场是为了满足已经确立了地位的，但是
较小的，而且不太成熟的公司的需求而建立的。
The Unlisted Securities Market is created to meet the needs
of established, but smaller, less mature companies
3、政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是出售金边
证券。
One of the ways the government meets the Public Sector
Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks.
4、通过为证券的发行和交易提供中心市场，股票交易所
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长期为政府、工业以及投资商的需求服务。
The Stock Exchange has long served the needs of government, industry and investors in providing the central market place for the issue and trading of securities
5、国际股票交易所提供了一种途径，使人们的存款能够为那些需要资金的人所利用。
The International Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Lesson 21
的贸易谈判或回合发展起来的，它最初有三个基本目标。The GA TT system (now WTO) was developed through a series of trade negotiations or rounds it originally had three basic goals.
2、加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的改革和发展，提高商品和服务质量，降低商品成本和服务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法则。China’s WTO accession will benefit China because it will help advance its reform and development, improve the quality and reduce the cost of goods and services, spur investment and the creation of news jobs, and promote the rule of law.
3、世界贸易组织的主要目的是为了促进自由贸易、进一步减少贸易壁垒并建立更有效的贸易纠纷解决机制。The WTO dispute settlement system is the most active one today at the international level and has tremendous importance for the progressive development of international law.
4、WTO争端解决机制是当今国际水准上的最为活跃的体系而且对国际法的持续发展具有重大意义。
The WTO dispute settlement system is the most active one today at the international level and has tremendous importance for the progressive development of international law
5、尽管中国取得了很大的成就，但仍然面临世大的挑战。一部分挑战和竞争来自于农业、银行业和保险
业，还有一部分来自于一些国家所采取的贸易保
护主义措施。
Despite all the achievements, China still faces big
challenges. Some of the challenges and competition
are from the agricultural sector and banking and
insurance industries. And some are caused by the
protectionist measures in some countries.
Lesson 22
（1）尽管第一次会议没有制定出具体目标，联
合国贸易和发展会议的总任务是制定、协商和实
施改善发展进程的措施。
Although no specific objectives were laid
down at the first conference, the general function of
UNCTAD is to formulate, negotiate and implement
measures to improve the development process.
（2）在没有有效协议的情况下，一旦出口收
入下降，应立即采用强制的自动的补救措施。
In the absence of effective agreements,
compulsory and automatic compensatory measures
should be introduced as soon as there is a decline in
export earnings.
（3）实际上西文国家在使低收入国家繁荣起
来的同时，其对这些国家的出口将增加，因此也
能获得经济效益。
Indeed, the western nations would also have an
economic interest in bringing greater prosperity to
the low-income countries, since their exports to
these territories would thus be stepped up.
（4）国际经济新秩序主要是要求发达国家提
供更多的现金和贸易方面的优惠。
The new international economic order consists
mainly in a demand for more cash and trade
concessions from the developed countries.
（5）贸易和发展理事会是联合国贸易和发展
会议的常设机构。
A Trade and Development Board is the permanent organ of
the Conference.
精品文档
高中英语汉译英 1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。 请尽早做出决定,不然你会坐失良机.(or) 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen） 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) :介意做某事 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) finish doing:完成做某事 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) wash up 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to). 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off). 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to). 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动). 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) not…at all:一点都不 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时). 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议. 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学。 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时)
★绝密·考试前严禁任何人翻阅 全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 试题册 考试时间：2014年5月31日 09:30-11:30 ※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 考生姓名： 准考证号： 考点（考区）： 注意事项 一、考生将姓名、身份证号、考试项目、考点（考区）、准考证号填涂在试题册及答题卡（答 题纸）相应位置。 二、考生在规定考试时间内做完试题册上的试题，并将答案填涂在答题卡（答题纸）相应位 置，写在试题册上的答案一律无效。全部答题时间为120分钟。 三、考生在答题卡上作答时，切忌超出答题区域。如因超出区域作答导致答题卡失效，由考 生个人负责。客观题按题号顺序进行填涂，主观题在每题左上角写清题号按顺序作答。 凡因题号不清导致考试成绩有误，由考生个人负责。 四、考生不得将试题册、答题卡（答题纸）带出考场。考试结束，监考员收卷后考生方可离 开考场。 五、考生注意对自己的答案保密。若被抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。
★请将答案写在答题卡上，答案写在试卷上无效。 一、客观题（本大题有60小题，每小题1分，共60分） [1-20] Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions: Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. Mike: It would be nice to see you again, Mary. Are you free on Sunday evening? Mary: I’ m sorry, I’m not. I’ve got to visit my aunt 1 . Mike: Oh, that’s a pity. Monday’s difficult for me. What about Tuesday evening? Mart: Tuesday’s bad for me as well. I’ve got to go to a meeting. Mike: Wednesday then? Mary: No, Wednesday’s out for me, I’m afraid. I’ve got to 2 and do some work. I really must. Mike: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, I can’t 3 Thursday. What about Friday? Mary: I’m 4 sorry. I’ve got to go out for dinner on Friday. Mike: Have you got to? Can’t you get out of it? Mary: I’m afraid not. I’ve simply got to go. Mike: Well, it looks as if we’ll have to wait till next week then. Mary: Yes, I’m sorry, Mike. Look, I must go now. I have to meet Lisa in ten minutes. Ring me next week 5 . Mike: Fine. Try and keep an evening free for me. 1．A. in the hospital B. in hospital C. in hotel D. in hostel 2．A. stay in B. staying C. stay D. sleep 3．A. make that B. make this C. make D. make it 4．A. outright B. awfully C. really D. totally 5．A. some time B. sometimes C. sometime D. some times Section B Directions: Listen to the following passage and choose the correct word or words to fill each gap from A,B,C or D. This section accounts for 5 points. Each question will be read twice. For international investors, the decision to invest in a foreign country, whether to establish or 6 a plant or a sales network, or to purchase stocks or bonds, is a difficult one. Before they make the decision to invest abroad, international investors will have to make sure that the
《国际商务英语》串讲 A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明 account executive n. （广告公司）客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政 administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （AGM）股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的 appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求；应用，运用 applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施 appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价 appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出（款项） approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能 *arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁 *arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合 assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价 asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产 fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产 intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产 tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席 audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作 意识；警觉awareness n. average n. 平均，平均水准 B n. 贿赂backhander n. backing 财务支持，赞助
第 2讲 要求对中文词组或句子进行翻译。要求应试者有相关词汇的积累，表达能力的体现及习惯用语的熟练程度。单词拼写要求准确，句子要求通顺无误。 共10题，15分。 1．具体询盘 2．百分之二的佣金 3．商品目录 4．出口单证 5．目的港 6．原产地证书 7．包装要求 8．供我方参考 9．即期信用证 10．品质超群 11.工艺精湛 12.在中国议付有效 13.警告性标志 14.装箱单 15.业务（贸易）伙伴 16.国有公司 17.商品检验 18.预约保险单 19.剪样 20.中国产地证 1.现金折扣 2.短装 国际商务英语等级考试（初级） 汉译英 小测 备考单词句子
3.单价 4.续订单 5.即期装运 6.中国保险条款 7.商会 8.零售网点 9.实盘 10.一式三份 11.保险代理人 12.销售包装 13．发货人 14．保险凭证 15．贴身包装 16．出口订货 17．承兑 18．欧洲主要港口 19. 行名录 20. 带插图的商品目录21．收货人 22．平安险 23．账户 24．预约保险 25．指示提单 26.（资信）证明人27.做工；工艺 28.可供数量 29.轻工业产品 30.单证 31.小保单 32.首次询盘 33.数量折扣 34.交货条件 35.保险费 36.拼箱货 37.海运 38.行业杂志 39.保兑的、不可撤销的信用证 40.现金折扣 41.佣金 42.发票金额 43.运输标志 44.分批装运 45.装运单据 46.已装船通知 47.租船 48.商业信用 49.资信证明人 50.战争险 1.我方相信这些预防措施可防止货物再次出现损坏。 We believe that these precautions will be able to prevent a recurrence of damage. 2.我方已通知银行将该笔款项记入你公司账户的贷方。 We have instructed the bank to credit the amount into your account. 3.整套清洁已装船提单。 a full set of clean shipped /shipped on board bills of lading 4.该商品的报价为每打上海港船上交货价18美元。 This article is quoted at US$18.00 per dozen, FOB Shanghai. 5.兹授权你方按发票金额向该银行开立45天远期汇票。 You are authorized to draw on the bank at 45 days for the amount of the invoice value.
1.当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice） At that time the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourist/traveller (for help). 2.我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。（occur） If never occurred / didn’t occur to me that Tom would/should be elected/made chairman of the Student’s Union. 3.如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。（convenient） If (it is) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office/please go to the post office and fetch me the parcel. 4.应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识运用到实践中去。（apply） Students should be encouraged/We should encourage students to apply what they have learned in class to practice . 5.如果队员之间不加强配合，我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手。（unless） Our school basketball team will not beat the opponents in the final match/final(s) unless the team members strengthen their cooperation / cooperate well with each other. 1．请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。（or） Please make up your mind/make your decision as early as possible /you can , or you’ll miss the good/golden chance/opportunity . 2．那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（It…） It’s very hard for those who haven’t been to the small village to describe its beauty . 3．勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。（infect） Washing hands often/frequently /regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease (s). 4．这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。（remote） The railway crosses/goes across/runs across the plain and connects /, connection the remote mountain (ous ) city with the sea port . 5．这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。（so…that） The historical novel about/describing World War I / the First World War is so attractive that I can’t bear (to do …)/stand parting with it / putting it down (back , aside )/ leaving it aside . 1．我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式(look forward to) We are looking forward to taking part in the opening ceremony of the art to be held next week. 2．多参加些体育锻炼，你就不那么容易感冒了。(If…) If you take more PE exercises, you will not catch a cold so easily. 3．因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。(The reason why) The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was lack of practice/ that he lacked practice. 4．直到被送入手术间时，他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性。(not…until…) He didn't know the importance of obeying the traffic rules until he was sent into the room of operation. 5．虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer) Though she is single and has no friends or relatives, all the neighbors offer her help/ a helping hand /to help her. 1. 小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。 (help)
全国外经贸从业人员考试 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷 2011年5月 Ⅰ．Listening: 20%（听力，20分） Section A Directions:Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve heard. L/C is a written by a bank given to the exporter at the request of the importer to effect up to a stated sum of money within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents. L/C is the most generally used method of payment in the of international trade. It is reliable and safe because it gives protection to both the exporter and the importer. The exporter is assured of payment once he has shipped the goods as stipulated in the and the importer is assured of getting the right goods once he has made payment accordingly. Section B Directions: Listen to the tape and translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. . 2. . 3. . 国际商务英语等级考试（中级）试卷第1 页（共13页）
国际商务英语复习题 1.Vocabulary and Structure 1.Please be informed that any additional freight will be__________buyers’account. A. to B.on C.in D.of 2.You can fly to London to have the business talk this evening____you change planes in Paris. A.in case B.provided C.unless D.except 3.We have been________with that client for so many years. A.contacting B.approaching C.doing business D.getting touch 4.We invite your_________to our enquiry without any delay. A.attending B.attention C.attraction D.interest 5.Chinese cotton piece goods are quite_________in the Far Eastern market,of which we have had some experience. A.welcome B.popular C.appreciated
6.We would like to________that your price is on the high side on our buyer’s market. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2b2266319.html,rm B.advise C.notify D.announce 7.Not until the seller ships the goods____to pay in the letter of credit. A.is the buyer required B.the buyer is required C.will the buyer be required D.the buyer will be required 8.Everything______consideration,the price is reasonable. A.take into B.taking into C.being taken D.taken into 9.It needs____that the L/C should reach us30days before the month of shipment A.being mentioned B.mentioned C.to be mentioned D.mention 10.The plane arrived late,thus_______us unable to leave for Guangzhou in time. A.making B.made C.make D.to make 11.Emphasis has to be laid on the point_______shipment must be made within the validity of the L/C. A.what B.which C.that
考试简介 全国商务英语翻译（ETTBL）是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试，以全国《商务英语翻译教程》（口译/笔译）的培训大纲为基础，内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课，侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌，弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口，培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才，缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期，尽快适应工作；提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力，更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后，参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定，根据考评结果，颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据，是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用，并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库，借助中国商务人才网（）的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。
职业定义 初级：能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级：能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书，办公室主管等。 高级：能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师：能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译，并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师：能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译；在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译，解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生，不论学历高低，均可参加。
《国际商务英语》期中考试题 i. Put the following from English into Chinese or vice versa. 1. terms of payment 付款方法 6.预付运费Prepaid freight 2. enclosed please find 随函寄上7.报CIF伦敦价格Quote CIF London price 3. by separate post 另行邮寄8.即期信用证Sight L／C 4. profit margin 边际利润9. 以我方为受益人in our favor 5. quantity discounts 数量折扣10. 装船通知Shipping advice ii. Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. 1.Your company has been introduced to us by the Bank of China as prospective buyers of electronic products. As we deal in the items, we shall be pleased to establish direct business relations with you. 中国银行向我们介绍贵公司是有希望的电子产品买主。由于我们经营该商品，我们很乐意与你建立直接的贸易关系。 2.In reply to your letter dated March 28, we enclose our latest illustrated catalogue for your reference. 兹复你方3月28日函，我们附上最新的带有插图的目录，供你方参考。 3.We are interested in your “Red Flower” Brand Varnish(清漆), but regret to say that your price is about 8% higher than that of other suppliers for similar quality products. 我们对你方的“红色的花”牌清漆(清漆)感兴趣,但很遗憾你方的价格高于其他供应商质量相同的产品价格8%左右。 iii. Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English. 1.如果你方价格有竞争力，我们愿首次订购1200打，即各种型号各400打。 If your prices are competitive,we are willing to place our first order for 1200 dozen,ie,400 dozen of each type. 2.我们的产品在世界市场上十分畅销，以其优良的品质和合理的价格而值得介绍。 Our products are popular in the world market, with its excellent quality and reasonable price worth introduction. 3.请报最好的CIF上海价格，注明最早装运期。 Please quote us your best CIF Shanghai price, indicating the earliest time of shipment. 4.最近对我们的山地自行车需求量很大，我们不能保证新订货在6月30日之前交付。 recently, mountain bike great demand for us, there is no guarantee that new orders on June 30 before delivery. 5.我们已决定委托你方在中国独家代理我方的玩具产品。 We've decided to entrust you with the sole agent of our toy products in China iv. Translate the following letter into English. XX 先生： 我们感谢你方1月2日的询盘，并高兴地获悉你方愿与我们建立贸易关系。按照要求，现向你方报盘如下，以你方答复于20XX年11月7日前到达此地为有效。 规格：蝴蝶牌浴巾(Turkish towel) NJ011 数量：20000打 价格：纽约到岸价含佣金5%，每打22美圆。 包装：每盒一打，每一纸板箱20盒。
1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement 3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。 Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project 4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. 5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式 Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market. （二） 1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。 GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country's income. The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place 2.要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents. 3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域，高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家 Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income 4.中国现在的年人均收入为1100 美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。 China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago. 5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎，东盟国家，俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China. （三） 1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越严重。 The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration. 2 经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应适用同一的货币。 The members of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency. 3 欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU. It is the body which puts proposals to the Council of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty 4APEC 建立与在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12 位成员国出席，分别是澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六国。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attened by 12members of Australia，the united states，canada，japan，republic of korea，new zealand and six ASEAN countries. 5 著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991 年建立的。 The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and
Unit 1 1、take place __________ 2、beauty n. __________ 3、harvest n. & vt. & vi. __________ 4、celebration n. __________ 5、hunter n. __________ 6、starve vi. & vt. __________ 7、origin n. __________ 8、religious adj__________ 9、△seasonal adj. __________ 10、ancestor n. __________ 11、Obon n. __________ 12、grave n. __________ 13、incense n. __________ 14、in memory of __________ 15、Mexico n. __________ 16、feast n. __________ 17、△skull n. __________ 18、bone n. __________ 19、△Halloween n. __________ 20、belief n. __________ 21、dress up __________ 22、trick n. vt. __________ 23、play a trick on __________ 24、poet n. __________ 25、△Columbus Day __________ 26、arrival n. ；__________ 27、Christopher Columbus__________ 28、gain vt__________ 29、independence n. __________ 30、independent adj. __________ 31、gather vt. & vi.&n__________. 32、agriculture n. __________ 33、agricultural adj. __________ 34、award n.vt. __________ 35、△produce n. __________ 36、rooster n.__________ 37、admire vt. __________ 38、energetic adj. __________ 39、look forward to __________ 40、△carnival n. __________ 41、△lunar adj. __________ 42、Easter n.__________ 43、△parade n. __________ 44、day and night __________ 45、clothing n. __________
国际商务英语词汇1 《国际商务英语》串讲笔记1A abroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传 absence n. 缺席，离开 absent adj. 不在，不参与 absenteeism n. (经常性)旷工，旷职 absorb v. 吸收，减轻(冲击、困难等)作用或影响abstract n. 摘要 access n. 接近(或进入)的机会，享用权 v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n. 设施，住宿 account n. 会计帐目 accountancy n. 会计工作 accountant n. 会计 accounts n. 往来帐目 account for 解释，说明 account executive n. (广告公司)客户经理 *accruals n. 增值，应计 achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成 acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到(某物)，承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到 *acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份 acting adj. 代理的
activity n. 业务类型 actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应 adjust v. 整理，使适应 administration n. 实施，经营，行政administer v. 管理，实施 adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告 ad n. 做广告，登广告 advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业 after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程 agent n. 代理人，经纪人 allocate v. 分配，配给 amalgamation n. 合并，重组 ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心 *amortise v. 摊还 analyse v 分析，研究 analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员 annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting (AGM) 股东年会anticipate v. 期望