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英语现在分词用法

现在分词用法浅析

【提问】请问下面这个句子中的动词+ing形式是动名词吗?

Must be able to exist without sleep for up to six days while completing other duties. (Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 23)

答:我们讨论过动名词的功能以及用法,动名词与现在分词有着相同的形式,但是在功能和用法上存在很大的区别,两者在句中充当不同的成分,起着各自不同的作用。

现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。

一、现在分词的形式

1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。

例如:The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。

The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 那位编辑现在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。

2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。

例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有的工作后,他们好好地休息了一下。

Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far. 由于童年时相貌被嘲笑,男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。

3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。

例如:Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before. 不认真读书,他就不会发现许多以前从来不知道的东西。

Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 没被公众所关注,年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。

Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应,因此他决定再写一封信。

二、现在分词的用法

1. 作定语现在分词作定语,具有形容词的性质。一般说来,单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语,修饰名词;如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。

例如:Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。

2. 作表语现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面,构成系表结构,表示主语的状态。例如:The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。

The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望,前所未有地鼓舞人心。

It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议要推迟,真是恼人。

3. 作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语,通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面,表示主动或动作正在进行。

例如:Some people leave the water running after washing hands. 有些人洗完手后就让水依然哗哗地流着。

When I found him cheating, I decided not to accept his flatteries and apologies any more. 当我发现他欺骗我时,我决定再不接受他的奉承和道歉了。

4. 作状语现在分词作状语,相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。

1) 表示时间,相当于状语从句when, while。

例如:He went through the papers while listening to music. 他边浏览报纸,边听音乐。

Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 在家乡学习的时候,我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。

2) 表示条件,相当于if引导的条件状语从句。

例如:Being given once more time, I will finish the task! 假如再给我一次机会,我会完成任务的!

Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 如果准备充分,我们肯定能通过考试。

3) 表示原因,相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc.

例如:Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it. 由于不明白两个案子之间的关系,我咨询了律师。

Being ill, she can't go to work today. 因为生病,今天她不能上班了。

4) 表示让步,相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。

例如:Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管了解了这一切,他们还是让我赔偿损失。

Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 我们即使每天拼命干活,还是有处理不完的工作。

5) 表示结果,相当于结果状语从句。

例如:His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. 他父母的来信刚刚到,可解了他的焦躁了。

Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞,结果耽搁了。

表示方式或伴随状语。

例如:They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. 他们躺在草地上,仰望着填空。

The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 孩子们从房间里跑出来,欢笑着,蹦跳着。

根据上述现在分词的用法,我们可以了解到问题中涉及的句子中的动词-ing形式,即completing一词,并不是动名词形式。在这个句子中出现了while,引导时间状语,因此completing为现在分词形式,表示句中的时间。全句意为:必须能够六天不睡觉,同时完成其他一些任务。

现在分词与过去分词

【提问】下面这一题应该如何解答?

From friends and family, prisoners often suffer from loneliness.

A. Cutting out

B. Cutting down

C. Cut in

D. Cut off

(Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 42)

答:该句子涉及到分词结构。选项A、B为现在分词;选项C、D为过去分词,如果分析分词的成分和用法,可将前者与后者区分开来。

现在分词与过去分词都可以在句中起形容词和副词的作用,可作定语、表语、补足

语和状语。

1) 作定语现在分词作定语,多表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行,也可表示经常性的动作或状态;而过去分词作定语,则多表示分词动作先于谓语动词发生的动作或表示被动关系。分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。

例如:The man standing at the window is our teacher. 站在窗户边的男子是我们的老师。

Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。

2) 作表语现在分词和过去分词作表语时都放在系动词之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。

例如:I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 我想这时商店关门了。

The idea seems quite convincing. 这个主意好像很有说服力。

3) 作宾语补足语现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语,通常用在感官动词(如hear, see, notice, watch, feel, look at等)或使役动词(如make, let, have等)的宾语之后,亦可以用于“with+复合宾语”结构中。选择使用现在分词还是过去分词主要取决于宾语和动词的关系,如果两者间是主动关系就用现在分词,如果是被动关系则用过去分词。

例如:We watched the teacher making the experiment carefully. 我们仔细地看老师做实验。When he came in, he found the window broken. 当他进来时,发现窗户被打破了。

4) 作状语分词作状语时,现在分词往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系,表示时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、伴随情况等;过去分词一般表示被动关系或已经完成的动作,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随情况等。

例如:Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out. 听到呼救声,他们都冲了出来。

Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever. 受到老师的鼓励,我们比以前更努力地学习。

【扩展】分词短语作状语时,它表示的动作或状态有意义上的主语,这个意义上的主语与句中主语是一致的,即所指的同一个人或同一件事物。

例如:Looking up at Tom, I listened to the story of Washington. 我抬头看着汤姆,听着华盛顿的故事。(look up 和listen to 都是“我”发出的动作)

如果分词短语意义上的主语与句中主语不是同一个人或物,就必须有一个名词或一个主格代词作它意义上的主语,放在前面构成一个独立短语,这种“名词(主格代词)+分词”的结构称为带主语的独立结构。

例如:The bus being very crowded, he had to stand. 公共汽车很挤,他只好站着。(分词的逻辑主语是the bus,句子的主语是he)

It being fine, I’ll go f ishing. 天气好的话,我将去钓鱼。(分词的逻辑主语是It,句子的主语是I)

形容词性的现在分词与过去分词的区别

分词用作形容词时,present(现在)和past(过去)这两个术语并不能说明它们的真正作用,它们的主要区别在于语态和时间关系上。

1) 语态不同现在分词表示主动关系,过去分词表示被动的意思。

例如:a sleeping boy 正在睡觉的孩子the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳

a burnt child 一个烧伤的孩子 a raised hand 举起的手

2) 时间关系不同一般来说现在分词表示的动作可能与句中限定动词所指的动作

同时发生,也可能不同时发生;而过去分词指过去的时间或已经完成的动作。

例如:boiling water沸水an interesting story 激动人心的故事

boiled water 冷开水 a fallen leaf落叶 a retired teacher退休教师

【注意】英语中有许多表示人的情感类的形容词需注意区别:现在分词往往来说明某事物所具有的某种性质、特征;而过去分词往往用来说明人受外在条件影响所产生的情感。

例如:interesting有趣的,令人感兴趣的interested 感兴趣的,对……表现出兴趣的;

disappointing令人失望的,令人灰心的disappointed失望的,沮丧的;

puzzling令人困惑的,令人迷惑不解的,puzzled 困惑的;迷惑不解的;

exciting令人激动的,使人兴奋的,excited激动的,兴奋的。

根据现在分词与过去分词的区别情况,可以判断原句前半句中,存在分词作状语的情况,

分词的逻辑主语与后面的主句主语一致,由于表示的是被动的关系,说明了prisoners often suffer from loneliness的原因,因此应该选择过去分词的两项C和D。选项中cut

的四个固定词组分别为:cut out“停止作用”;cut sth. down“砍倒,夺取,减少”;cut in“驶入车道过急,插嘴,加入”;cut off“切去,打断,使孤立”,根据句意,应该选择D。全句意为:由于与家人和朋友相隔离,囚犯们常常深受寂寞之苦。

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英语现在分词用法

英语现在分词用法 Updated by Jack on December 25,2020 at 10:00 am

现在分词用法浅析 【提问】请问下面这个句子中的动词+ing形式是动名词吗? Must be able to exist without sleep for up to six days while completing other duties. (Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 23) 答:我们讨论过动名词的功能以及用法,动名词与现在分词有着相同的形式,但是在功能和用法上存在很大的区别,两者在句中充当不同的成分,起着各自不同的作用。 现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。 一、现在分词的形式 1.现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 那位编辑现在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有的工作后,他们好好地休息了一下。 Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far. 由于童年时相貌被嘲笑,男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。

初中英语现在分词用法总结

初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识: 现在分词(也叫动名词):表示主动和进行。 基本形式:doing 否定式:not doing 被动式:being done 完成式:having done 二、具体用法: 1.动名词作主语和宾语: (1)把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用,表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作,可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. (2)可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面,再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面,这种用法常用于以下句式: ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife.

⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling… 无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意:动名词作主语时,其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰,即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. (3)动名词作宾语分为两种情况:动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语,常见的有: avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,常见的有: A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别,后接doing 侧重经常习惯性的行为,后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home C: forget, remember, regret, stop, try, mean, go on, can’t help, be used to等

现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法 1. 用作主语 现在分词可以作为句子的主语,表示动作或状态。这时,现在 分词的形式通常为动词的现在分词形式加上ing。例如: - Swimming is her favorite sport.(游泳是她最喜欢的运动。) - Studying hard is important for academic success.(努力研究对于学术成功很重要。) 2. 用作定语 现在分词可以用来修饰名词或代词,相当于一个形容词。这时,现在分词的形式通常为动词的现在分词形式加上ing。例如: - The running water sounded refreshing.(流动的水听起来很清新。) - The crying baby needs attention.(哭泣的婴儿需要关注。)

3. 用作状语 现在分词可以用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,表示附加的行为 或状态。现在分词作状语时,通常表示主动、进行或结果。例如: - He left the room, slamming the door behind him.(他离开房间时,砰地关上了门。) - The children played happily, laughing and shouting.(孩子们玩 得很开心,笑着和喊着。) 4. 用作介词宾语 现在分词可以作为介词的宾语,表示同一时间的行为。在这种 情况下,现在分词的形式通常为动词的现在分词形式加上ing。例如: - She sat on the bench, reading a book.(她坐在长椅上读书。) - They walked in the park, enjoying the sunshine.(他们在公园里 散步,享受阳光。)

英语句型-现在分词

现在分词 1.现在分词作表语: (1)I t’s amazing that you should know that! 你竟然连这都知道,真令人惊奇。 (2)S he was very pleasing in her appearance. 她的外貌很招人喜欢。 (3)T he tea smells inviting and tastes fresh. 这茶香气诱人,味道清新。 2.现在分词作前位定语: (1)H is surprising recovery delighted everyone of us. 他出人意料的康复使大家都很高兴。 (2)H e looked at me with questioning eyes. 他用询问的目光看着我。 3.现在分词作后位定语: (1)Here is a leaflet giving (= that gives) full particulars of the plan. 这里有一份介绍计划全部细节的宣传单。 (2) We are brothers sharing (= who share) weal and woe. 我们是患难与共的兄弟。 4.现在分词作宾语补足语: I could feel the wind blowing on my face. 我能感到风迎面吹来。

5.现在分词作时间状语: (1)Seeing the wedding picture, she couldn’t help thinking of the day when she got married. 看到这张结婚照,她不禁想起她结婚的那天。 (2)When leaving the airport, they waved again an d again to us.离开机场时,他们频频向我们挥手。 6.现在分词作原因状语: (1)B eing so excited, many of us could not go to sleep that night.因为兴奋,我们中不少人那晚睡不着。 (2)H is mother, not wishing to make her daughter upset, kept it secret for a long time that she had dismissed from the job. 因为不想使女儿心烦,妈妈把自己失业的事保密了好长时间。7.现在分词作条件状语: Not sending e-mails to him any more, you won’t be harassed by him.不再给他发邮件,他也不会再来骚扰你了。 8.现在分词作结果状语: It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday.接连下了两周雨,把我们的假日全毁了。 9.现在分词作让步状语: (1)Being short of money, they still made adequate arrangement for their daily life.

现在分词的用法

初中英语语法·非谓语动词 现在分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。 现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性,可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰,现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 2. 现在分词的语法作用; 现在分词在句中可以作表语、定语、补足语和状语。 一、作表语: 现在分词作表语,一般表主动或主语的性质和特征,主语多数情况下是物,一般跟在联系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等词后, His speech is exciting.他的演讲令人兴奋。 This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。 而作表语用的现在分词,已经完全变成了形容词,常见的现在分词如下: moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, missing, promising等,这些词可以放在系动词后做表语。 二、作定语: 现在分词做定语,表示中心词是该动词的动作发出者,此时的现在分词充当形容词的作用,用来修饰中心词。单个分词作定语时放在中心词前面,分词短语作定语时放在中心词后面。 We see the rising sun every morning. 每天早晨我们都可以看到东升的旭日。 China is a developing country. 中国是个发展中国家。 the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。 Unknown flying object. 不明飞行物。 Please wake up that sleeping boy. 请叫醒那个睡觉的小孩。

现在分词的用法详解

现在分词的用法详解 一、现在分词的基本概念 现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,用来表示正在进行或同时发生的动作。它 以-ing结尾,可以在句子中充当主语、定语、状语和表语等,具有一定的时态特征。 二、作主语 现在分词作主语时,常用来表示习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。 例1:Running is good for your health.(跑步对身体有益) 例2:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动) 三、作定语 现在分词可以修饰名词或代词,起到形容词作用。它通常位于被修饰名词之前。 例3:The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.(哭闹的婴儿吵醒了整个社区) 例4:She handed me a written report.(她递给我一份书面报告) 四、作状语 现在分词作状语时,可以说明动作发生的时间、原因、方式等。 4.1 表示时间: 例5:While waiting for the bus, he read a book.(他边等车边读书) 例6:Listening to music, I fell asleep quickly.(听音乐时,我很快入睡了) 4.2 表示原因:

例7:Being tired, she decided to take a break.(她觉得累了,决定休息一会儿)例8:Not having enough money, he couldn't afford the new phone.(因为没有足 够的钱,他买不起新手机) 4.3 表示方式: 例9:He won the race by running fast.(他通过跑得快赢得了比赛) 例10:She improved her English by studying hard.(她通过努力学习改善了自己 的英语) 五、作表语 现在分词可以充当表语,与系动词连用,说明主语的状态或特征。 例11:My favorite hobby is painting.(我最喜欢的爱好是绘画) 例12:Her greatest talent is singing.(她最大的天赋是唱歌) 六、注意事项 6.1 现在分词和现在进行时的区别: 现在分词表示一种客观事实,常用于陈述句;而现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,常用于进行时态。 6.2 注意不规则变化: 有些动词形式不遵循一般加-ing后缀的规则。例如,go → going、do → doing,等等。 6.3 避免混淆使用: 现在分词和过去分词形式相似,在使用过程中要注意区分。现在分词表示主动,过去分词则表示被动。

英语现在分词用法

现在分词用法浅析 【提问】请问下面这个句子中的动词+ing形式是动名词吗? Must be able to exist without sleep for up to six days while completing other duties. (Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 23) 答:我们讨论过动名词的功能以及用法,动名词与现在分词有着相同的形式,但是在功能和用法上存在很大的区别,两者在句中充当不同的成分,起着各自不同的作用。 现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。 一、现在分词的形式 1.现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如:The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 那位编辑现 在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有的工作后,他们好好地休息了一下。 Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far. 由于童年时相貌被嘲笑,男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。 3.现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如:Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before. 不认真读书,他就不会发现许多以前从来不知道的东西。 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 没被公众所关注,年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。

最全动词现在分词最常见现在分词的用法

最全动词现在分词最常见现在分词的用法 现在分词是英语语法中重要的一部分,下面列出了最常见的动词现在分词及其用法: 1. go(去) - going 现在分词“going”通常用于进行时态中 3. run(跑) - running 现在分词“running”可用于进行时态,也可用于形容词,如“a running nose”(流鼻涕) 4. swim(游泳) - swimming 现在分词“swimming”常用于进行时态和形容词,如“a swimming pool”(游泳池) 5. eat(吃) - eating 现在分词“eating”常用于进行时态 6. drink(喝) - drinking

现在分词“drinking”常用于进行时态 7. see(看见) - seeing 现在分词“seeing”常用于进行时态和形容词,如“a seeing eye dog”(导盲犬) 8. hear(听见) - hearing 现在分词“hearing”常用于进行时态和形容词,如“hearing aids”(助听器) 9. speak(讲话) - speaking 现在分词“speaking”常用于进行时态和形容词,如“a speaking engagement”(演讲) 10. feel(感觉) - feeling 现在分词“feeling”常用于进行时态和形容词,如“a feeling of happiness”(幸福感) 11. get(得到) - getting 现在分词“getting”通常用于进行时态中

总之,现在分词可以用于进行时态和形容词,掌握常见的动词 现在分词用法可以帮助我们更好地使用英语,使句子更加自然流畅。以上就是最全动词现在分词用法汇总。

现在分词短语的用法及例句

现在分词短语的用法及例句 现在分词短语是英语中的一种非常常见的语法结构。它通常由一个现在分词(-ing形式)和它所修饰的动词、名词或代词组成。现在分词短语可以表示形容词、副词或介词短语的作用,用于修饰主语或谓语,并使句子更加生动、具有描述性和动态。 1. 现在分词作定语 现在分词短语作为定语修饰名词或代词时,可以表示一个正在进行的动作或状态。 例句: - The running man is my brother.(奔跑的人是我的兄弟。) - I saw the blushing girl in the hallway.(我在走廊上看到了脸红的女孩。) - The singing birds woke me up this morning.(唱着歌的鸟儿今天早晨把我吵醒了。) 2. 现在分词作状语 现在分词短语作为状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式等。 例句: - He watched TV all night, feeling bored.(他整晚都在看电视,感觉无聊。)(表示原因) - Driving carefully, you can avoid accidents.(开车小心些,你就能避免事故。)(表示方式) - Being a fluent speaker of English, he can communicate with anyone around the world.(他是一位英语流畅的演讲者,能够与世界各地的人沟通。)(表示身份) 例句: - I found the essay very interesting.(我觉得这篇文章非常有趣。) - They kept the room clean and tidy.(他们保持房间的清洁整洁。) 现在分词短语可以用来表达各种各样的语法意义,在英语写作中非常常用。熟练掌握现在分词短语的用法和性质,可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的想法。1. 现在分词作条 件状语

(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法

(英语语法)现在分词、过去分词和动名词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法 1)As Lily missed the bus, she was late for the class. Missing the bus, she was late for the class. 2)As the student was scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. scolded by the teacher, she felt unhappy. 一、现在分词 (一)现在分词的定义: 现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。 (二)现在分词的功能与用法: 1. 作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语

从句。 e.g. a running boy→ a boy who is running an old man standing there →an old man who is standing there 例如: The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not specific qualifications. A. requiring B. to be required C. being required D. to have required 2. 作补语 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补: 1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe find listen to look at 2)使役动词:have get make 注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)。 eg. I saw Thomas playing computer games . Don’t have the students studying all day. 注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。 3. 作表语 (1) 分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般

现在分词的七种用法

现在分词的七种用法 (一)作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如: The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如: Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如: Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如: This is an English-speaking country. (二)作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如: The story is moving. (三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如: We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) (四)作状语 现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如: Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如: Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。例如:While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如: Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如: Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。例如: He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如: He sat by the roadside, begging. (五)现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如: Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. (六)现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式。例如: The factory being built now is a big one. (七)现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。例如:

现在分词的用法

现在分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。 现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性,可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰,现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。 2. 现在分词的语法作用; 现在分词在句中可以作主语、表语、定语、补足语和状语。 一.作主语 1.通常被看作是单数不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Driving fast is very dangerous.Swimming is my favourite sport. Painting is an art.Hearing the bad news made him cry. 2. 现在分词作主语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把现在分词放到句末。 It is no good/use talking with him It's no good smoking. You should give it up. It is no good crying over split milk.It作形式主语,现在分词作真正主语时的常用句型: It +be+ a waste of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间 It +be+ fun doing sth.做某事很有趣 It +be+ no good/no use/useless doing sth. 做某事没有用 It +be+ expensivedoing sth.做某事很昂贵 It +be+ dangerousdoing sth.做某事很危险 It +be+ a pleasure doing sth. 做某事是一件愉快的事eg. It's no use complaining.It's no good smoking a lot. It's a waste of time doing such a thing. 3. There +be+ no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理There +be+ no point (in) doing sth.做某事毫无意 There +be+no use in doing sth.做某事没有用 Nothing worse than doing sth.没有比...更糟糕的 eg. There is no point (in) doing so.这么做,毫无意义。 4. 前后平行 Teaching is learning. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 二、作表语: 1. 动名词作表语相当于名词,说明主语的容。主语和表语位置可互换。 My job is teaching English.=Teaching English is my job. Your task is studying hard. = Studying hard is your task. 2. 现在分词作表语,一般表主动或主语的性质和特征,主语多数情况下是物,一般跟在联系动词be, get,

高中英语知识点:现在分词

高中英语知识点:现在分词 现在分词的概念: 现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式),是分词的一种,是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语)。一般式:doing;一般被动式:being done;完成式:having done;完成被动式:having been done。所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not。 现在分词的用法: 1)做表语: 如:He was very amusing. That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语:exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2)作定语: 上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语,修饰一个名词: 如:That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词,相当于一个定语从句: 如:There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3)作状语: 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作: 如:Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he took out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句: 如:Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.

英语语法:现在分词用法说明

英语语法:现在分词用法说明 现在分词用法说明 一、现在分词一般式的用法 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与主语动作同时发生: When we arrived, we found him sleeping. 我们到达时发现他在睡觉。 Living in the suburbs, we have few visitors. 因为住在郊外,我们没什么访客。 【注】有时现在分词所表示的动作也可略早于或迟于谓语动作,但两者之间没有时间间隔: Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave a note. 发现 没人在家,他决定留个字条。 He went home, finding the door locked. 他回到家,发现门 是锁着的。 当现在分词所表示的动作略迟于谓语动作时,现在分词通常位于句末。 二、现在分词被动式的用法 当要表示一个被动动作时,现在分词就用被动形式。现在分词的一般式和完成式均有被动式形式: (1) 现在分词一般式的被动式。主要表示现在正在实行的动作,也可表示与谓语动作同时发生的动作: Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?

I saw him being taken away by the police. 我看见他被警察 带走。 【注】有时现在分词一般式的被动式所表示的动作也可发生在谓 语动作之前(此时的现在分词通常用于表示原因,且多为状态动词): Not having a car, he finds it difficult to get around. 因为没车,她感到行动很困难。 (2) 现在分词完成式的被动式。主要表示发生在谓语动词之前且 已经完成的动作: The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。 Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. 这书因写得仓促,所以错误很多。 比较: Being so ill, she can’t go to school. 因为病得那么严重,她不能去上学。 Having been ill for a long time, he needed time to recover. 因为病了很长时间,他需要一段恢复的时间。 三、现在分词的否定式 分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,遇上现在分词的 完成式、被动式以及完成被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前: Not being able to understand English, he didn’t know what they wanted. 因为他不懂英语,他不知道他们要什么。 Not having finished his work,he could not leave the office. 因为工作没干完他不能离开办公室。

英语现在分词列句

英语现在分词列句 以下是一些使用现在分词的例句: 1.描述正在进行的动作: She is singing in the choir. (她正在合唱团里唱歌。) The children are playing football in the park. (孩子们正 在公园里踢足球。) He is studying for his exams. (他正在为考试而学习。) 2.作为形容词使用: The exciting news made everyone happy. (这条令人兴奋的消 息让每个人都很高兴。) The interesting book kept me reading for hours. (这本有趣 的书让我看了好几个小时。) 3.作为副词使用: He spoke angrily, slamming the door behind him. (他生气地 说话,砰地一声关上了身后的门。) She left the room crying. (她哭着离开了房间。) 4.与助动词连用,构成进行时态: We are not studying tonight. (我们今晚不学习。) They have been waiting for over an hour. (他们已经等了一 个多小时了。) 5.作为定语,修饰名词: The running shoes are very comfortable. (这双跑鞋非常舒 服。) The speaking skills of the teacher are excellent. (这位老 师的演讲技巧非常出色。) 6.构成短语动词: They looked forward to meeting him. (他们期待见到他。) We enjoyed watching the movie. (我们喜欢看电影。) 7.与逻辑主语(即主句的主语)一起构成独立主格结构: The manager coming, the meeting began. (经理一来,会议就开 始了。) The weather being fine, we decided to go for a walk. (因为 天气很好,我们决定去散步。)

公共英语现在分词的用法

公共英语现在分词的用法 1、分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的 分词相当于一个状语从句。 【例如】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better. He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness. 分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 【例如】 Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) .Inspired by the International, the working people of all countries have been fighting for their final liberation. (the working people were inspired/ inspire the working people)____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. A) having believed B) Believing C) Believed D) Being believed 本句意思为:相信地球是平的,许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系,及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。因此,应用现在分词,答案为B. No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. A) performing B) performed C) to be performed D) being performed

英语现在分词

现在分词的构成方法 1 一般情况下,在动词后加-ing构成: work-- working, sleep--sleeping, wait -- waiting等; 2 在不发音的-e结尾动词去掉e后再加-ing: smile--smiling, move-moving take-taking make--making等; 3 以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词,要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing: sit--sitting, plan--planning, refer--referring, occur—occurring, begin—beginning, beg—begging, cut—cutting, get—getting, hit—hitting, let—letting, swim-swimming, permit-permitting stop-stopping, drop-dropping, dig-digging, win-winning, run-running, put-putting, admit-admitting,shop--shopping, fit--fitting, forget--forgetting, spit--spitting 4 以字母ie结尾的动词,通常将ie改为y,再加ing: die--dying, lie--lying, tie--tying等; 5 以字母l结尾动词,若末尾一个音节为重读音节,则必须双写l再加ing,如control --controlling,但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节,则可双写l英国英语或不双写l美国英语,如: travel—traveling/travelling; cut -- cutting 切 put-- putting 放 swim -- swimming 游泳 begin -- beginning 开始 get -- getting 得到,获得forget -- forgetting 忘记 hit -- hitting 打,击,撞 spit -- spitting 吐痰 run -- running 跑 sit -- sitting 坐 babysit -- babysitting 临时照看婴儿 split -- splitting 分裂 shut -- shutting 关闭 win --winning 赢 shop --shopping 购物 stop -- stopping 停止 drop -- dropping 落下dip-- dipping 浸 dig -- digging 挖 plan -- planning 计划prefer -- preferring 更喜欢 refer -- referring 查阅,参考 let -- letting 让 trip -- tripping 绊倒 step -- stepping 踩,踏 rob -- robbing 抢劫 set -- setting 设置 nod -- nodding 点头 fit -- fitting 合适 regret -- regretting 后悔 rot--rotting 腐烂 spot--spotting 玷污 slip--slipping 滑 倒 wrap--wrapping包装 vs.及物动词 Vi. 不及物动词 N.名词 adv. 副词Adj.形容词 prep.介词 Pron. 代词 Conj. 连词 Num.数词 illness患病have a fever发烧hurt疼痛have a cold感冒have a toothache牙 疼have a headache头疼have a sore throat喉咙疼

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