2010年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解
Paper One
Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)
Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B;C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwith a single line through the
center.
1.If you need an extra bed for your guest,you can use______.
A.one of ours
B.one of us
C.one of our
D.one of our’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果你有客人需要另外一张床，你可以用我们的。ours是名词性物主代词，后面不跟名词，直接指代“我们的床”。
2.It is ridiculous that we______.
A.are short of water in a country where it is always raining
B.be short of water in a country where it is always raining
C.might be short of water in a country where it is always raining
D.could be short of water in a country where it is always raining
【答案】Ｂ
【解析】句意：在一个经常下雨的国家我们水资源短缺真是可笑。It＋be＋adj．／n．＋that＋主语＋虚拟语气，主语从句中谓语动词的形式是"（should＋）动词原形"，就是说should可用可不用。
3.Between1897and1919at least29motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed ______.
A.had produced
B.would have produced
C.have been produced
D.had been produced
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在1897年到1919年之间，至少有29部描述人造生命的电影被生产。by/between/up to/till+过去时间、since、by the time/when+表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。这里motion pictures是produce的对象，故应使用被动语态。
4.Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a makeup examination had you gone and explained that your parents at the time
A.had been ill
B.were
C.would have been ill
D.should have been ill
【答案】B
【解析】句意：如果你去向数学老师讲清楚，那时你父母生病了，他是会很乐意给你一次补考机会的。本题主句中谓语动词表示对过去时间的虚拟语气，虚拟条件句中宾语从句表示过去实际存在的状态，故应该用陈述语气。had you gone是if you had gone的省略倒装形式。
5.The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel,that man______Prince Henry the navigator,who lived in the15th century.
A.was
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f317129603.html,d
C.being
D.called
【答案】C
【解析】句意：葡萄牙人对一个促进航海的人很高的赞扬，那个人是15世纪的航海家亨利王子。该题考查分词的独立主格结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语相一致，若不一致时，则要加上自己的逻辑主语。
6.Our modern civilization must not be thought of as______in a short period of time.
A.being created
B.to have been created
C.having been created
D.to be created
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们的现代文明不能被认为是是短时间内创造出来的。as后面跟的是名词短语，被认为……being created是动名词短语，起名词的作用。
7.Mary______my letter;otherwise she would have replied before now.
A.has received
B.ought to have received
C.couldn’t have received
D.should have received
【答案】C
【解析】句意：玛丽不可能收到了我的信，否则她上星期就给我回信了。could not have done 是情态动词中比较特殊的用法，不是虚拟语气，是表示对过去的推测，意思是：过去不可能做了某事。
8.Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results,we have to become reconciled______ the decision made by our fellow countrymen.
A.for
B.on
C.to
D.in
【答案】C
【解析】句意：尽管我们对选举结果不满意，我们必须接受同胞们的决定。be reconciled to 甘心，接受。
9.This is an exciting area of study,and one______which new applications are being discovered almost daily.
A.from
B.by
C.in
D.through
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这是一个令人激动的研究领域，在这一领域，几乎每天都能发现新的应用
程序。此题考查介词+which引导的定语从句，此处修饰对象为one即area of study，故应选用介词in，表示在某一研究领域。
10.Water will continue to be______it is today-next in importance to oxygen.
A.how
B.which
C.as
D.what
【答案】D
【解析】句意：现在水的重要性仅次于氧气，这种状态将会继续下去。what it is today是表语从句。
11.______the fact that his initial experiments had failed,Professor White persisted in his
research.
A.Because of
B.In spite of
C.As to
D.In view of
【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管最初的实验失败了，怀特教授仍坚持自己的研究。in spite of尽管，不顾。because of由于。as to至于，关于。in view of鉴于；考虑到。
12.It is generally believed that true friendship is like health,______is seldom known till it is lost.
A.the value of which
B.its value
C.the value of it
D.it’s value
【答案】A
【解析】句意：通常认为真正的友谊就像健康，直到失去才知道它的价值。由于前后两部分由逗号连接，后半部分不能是完整的句子，可排除选项B、C、D。
13.If any man here does not agree with me,he should______his own plan for improving the
living conditions of these people.
A.put on
C.put in
D.put forward
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果任何人不同意我的观点，请提出自己的关于改善这些人居住环境的方案。put forward提出；拿出。put on穿上；增加。put out熄灭；伸出。put in提交。
14.All the information we have collected in relation to that case______very little.
A.makes up for
B.adds up to
https://www.doczj.com/doc/f317129603.html,es up with
D.puts up with
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们收集的关于那个案件的全部信息加起来也很少。add up to合计达。
make up for补偿；弥补。come up with提出；赶上。puts up with忍受。
15.In what______to a last minute stay of execution a council announced that emergency
funding would keep alive two aging satellites.
A.applies
B.accounts
C.attaches
D.amounts
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在等待决定的最后一分钟里，地方议会宣布应急基金可以维持两颗老化卫星的寿命。apply to应用于。account to计入账目。attach to附着,粘贴到。amount to 等于。
16.When traveling,you are advised to take travelers’checks,which provide a secure______to
carrying your money in cash.
A.substitute
B.preference
C.selection
D.alternative
【答案】D
【解析】句意：旅游的时候，建议你带上旅行支票，它是可替代你随身携带现金的一个安全的选择。alternative供替代的选择。substitute代用品，一般跟介词for。preference 偏爱。selection选择；选集。
17.______he has enough money to buy a house,it doesn’t mean he’s going to do,as is often the
case with him.
A.Seeing that
B.Provided that
C.Granted that
D.Considering that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：即使他有足够的钱买房子，并不意味着他会这么做，他经常是这样的。
granted that即使；假定。seeing that由于；鉴于。provided that如果；倘若。considering that考虑到。
18.______my return,I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and Would not be
back for several hours.
A.For
B.At
C.In
D.On
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我回来后知道史密斯教授在博物馆，几个小时内不会回来。on作介词时，有"在……的时候；在……后立即"的意思，其后常接名词或动名词。
19.John would have paid______for the jacket had the salesman insisted because he really loved
its color and style.
A.twice as much
B.two times more
C.much as twice
D.as much twice
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/f317129603.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
我的2019人大经济学考博经验，人大初试复试难度详解！ 2018-2019年的考博之路已经告一段落，自己成功考上了中国人民大学经济学院政治经济学专业的博士。记得自己是从2018年十一长假之后正式开始了我的复习考博历程，现总结人大考博札记，供日后考博人大的学弟学妹们参考。 首先说明一点，人大很公平。自己没有老师推荐，是自行联系导师，没有人脉没有关系，完全靠自己考上了人大的博士。因为本人参加了不止人大这一个学校的考试，相比其他省市的其他学校而言，人大是比较公平的。如果你的初试是第一名，人大是一定会要你的（除非有很明显的缺陷），人大非常重视初试排名，所以你的一切努力重点都应该放在初试上。 一、关于联系导师及注意事项 每个博士生导师手里的名额很有限，所以报考博士前必须先跟你要报考的老师联系，看他手里是否还有名额，一般来说导师不想要你他是不会让你报名的，事先给导师打个电话或发个E-mail（网站上一般都会有联系地址），介绍一下你
的情况。特别是你硕士阶段研究的方向和取得的成绩，并表示你愿意成为他的学生并努力学术。 首先，建议第一封e-mail主要内容是关于个人介绍：年龄、求学经历、学术成果、工作经历等，主要目的就是让导师通过这封e-mail对一个陌生的同学能够有个全面的认识和了解。 把第一印象做好，为以后的进一步联系作准备。其次，关于信的内容可以简要的谈谈自己对未来所报考导师，实验室和课题的了解和理解，让导师能够真实的感受到你的诚心、信心和决心。再次，主要是表达一下自己报考的强烈愿望，因为大家也知道好多同学联系了很多的导师和学校，最后报考的也是其中的很少几个。 联系博导需注意以下几点： 1.要了解他的基本学术观点和学术著作。以免导师提起他的著作时，我们一无所知。尽量多了解他的论著，也为以后的考试做打算。 2.多种联系方式并用。比如说第一次打电话老师记住你的名字了，第二次很可能就忘了。那我觉得还可以写e-mail，还可以写写信，传统的联系方式或许更能打动导师
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. 1.Mo Yan is_____as one of China’s most talented writers. A.acclaimed B.claimed C.blamed D.studied 【答案】B 【解析】句意：莫言被称为中国最有才华的作家之一。be claimed as意为“被称为”，符合句意，故选B项。 2.There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more_____or more controversial than Margaret Mead. A.imaginative B.hard-working C.celebrated D.strong-minded 【答案】C 【解析】句意：20世纪的人类学家中没有谁比玛格丽特·米德更著名或者说更有争议。备受争议从侧面说明了她比较出名，celebrated“著名的，有名望的”符合句意。故选C项。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/f317129603.html,munication satellites transmit information more_____than do ordinary shortwave radios. A.conveniently B.reliably C.accessibly D.concisely 【答案】B 【解析】句意：通讯卫星比普通的短波无线电通讯传送信息更加可靠。reliably可靠地。conveniently便利地，合宜的。accessibly可接近地，可得到地。concisely简洁地。这里强
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
中国人民大学考博英语真题常见名词单复数名词(Noun)： 博士研究生考试有关名词的试题主要涉及名词的可数与不可数、名词的单复数形式、集体名词在数上的主谓一致和单数名词以复数形式出现及名词单复数同形的问题。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 一、名词的单复数 (一)不可数名词 a little/some/much/considerable/a great(good)deal of/a lot of (lots of)/plenty of/a large amount of/a large quantity of/a wealth of(大量)/heaps of(大量的)+不可数名词 例句：The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel,that man being Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in15th century. (1995年第14题) 分析：该句是复合句，其中that man...navigator是一个独立主格结构，进一步解释说明one man;who lived...是非限制性定语从句，解释说明Prince Henry。 译文：葡萄牙人给了这位促进海上旅行的人很多荣誉，此人便是15世纪的航海家亨利王子。 例句：If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解） 专项练习1 科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。 【参考译文】 Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity. 专项练习2 去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。因为当时原油价格创下了历史新记录，作为应对措施，很多公司不得不提高机票价格中的燃料费用。 美国人和欧洲人不断发胖的趋势促使政府发动健康运动，同时人们严厉谴责许多食品公司。麦当劳连锁店在谴责声中受到冲击，因而不得不在最近几个月里修改菜单，增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。这一举动促使麦当劳的盈利增加。然而，据专家预测，人类注定会越来越胖，会对航空公司的利润空间形成不断增加的压力。 【参考译文】 Last year, the Federal Aviation Administration increased by ten pounds the average passenger weight they use to calculate aircraft loads. Since then crude oil prices have hit record levels, with many firms responding by raising the fuel surcharge they add to ticket prices. The rising level of obesity in the US and in Europe has prompted government health campaigns and harsh criticism of a number of food firms. Restaurant chain McDonald’s has taken the brunt of the attack and has in recent months reworked its menu to include healthier options. The move has helped lift profits. The prediction by experts, however, is that humans are set to become bigger, putting increasing pressure on airline profit. 专项练习3 据最新估计，雅典奥运会的开支已达到100亿美元，这对于希腊这样的小国来说可是一笔不小的数目，何况它曾经是欧盟中最贫穷的国家。 希腊对这次奥运会可能带来的美好前景寄予厚望，并想借此机会（向世界）展示一个“焕然一新”的希腊，以吸引新的投资者和游客。但是，本国运动员的兴奋剂丑闻和旅游业的低靡破坏了希腊的形象，这使希腊政府十分恼火。希腊财政部的一位重要官员告诉记者，希腊只有正确处理好公众关系，才能使雅典奥运会的开销变成投资。
2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（20%） （略） SECTION II STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY（35%） Part A Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four-words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31.This platform would collapse if all of us______on it. A.stand B.stood C.would stand D.had stood 【答案】B 【解析】一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式。 32.The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police. A.plunged B.plunge
C.was plunging D.to plunge 【答案】B 【解析】see sth.do表示看到事物动作的整个过程，这里表示看见车陷入河里。 33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for half an hour. A.unless B.so far as C.except D.if 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧。” 可知为D，其余三项均不通。 34.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always ______. A.inexplicable B.healthy C.sound D.straight 【答案】C
人大考博英语真题之作文范文 1.Public Transportation As part of domestic modernization,public transportation needs to be developed urgently in China.I can illustrate some examples. There does not only exist serious traffic jams but also crowded buses, underground and https://www.doczj.com/doc/f317129603.html,muters find it hard to get to work on time due to overcrowded buses or tubes. Travelers could hardly get on buses in big cities during weedends owing to fewer buses and more people.When Spring Festival is drawing near,there is much greater–ressure on public transportation since it has to deal with a large number of travelers rushing home. And travelers need special arrangements to go home.In a word,public transportation has become bottleneck to the advanc of Chinese economy. To solve the above-mentioned problems,the departments concerned should carry out the following steps:to build more roads,highways or railways and to add buses or trains to the original lines.But ther funds have to be raised both from the government and the public. There are three sources for fund raising.One is to raise the fares for all kinds of all transportation vehicles.Another is to increase the prices for various vehicles on sale.The third is to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oil in addtion to the governmental funds. If all this money to raise the prices of petrol and diesel oiil in addtion to the governmental funds.If all this money collected is used