中国人民大学2001
Ⅱ V ocabulary (10 points)
Part A (5 points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET.
1.And the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and of youth.
A. vague
B. vigor
C. vogue
D. vulgar
2.All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is——carefully the risks and benefits.
A. valuing
B. evaluating
C. estimating
D. weighing
3.Chinese often shake my hand and don?t let go. They talk away contentedly,of my discomfort and struggle to disengage my hand.
A. oblivious
B. patent
C. obvious
D. pernicious
4.The word “foolish” is too mild to describe your behavior, I would prefer the word .
A. ideological
B. idyllic
C. idiotic
D. idiomatic
5.Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has Germany?s Touring
Car Championship.
A. conquered
B. contested
C. dominated
D. determined
6.What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a , many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable.
A. fashion
B. necessity
C. proclivity
D. nuisance
7.The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in translation. So it was necessary that he make the suggested.
A. alterations
B. alternatives
C. alternations
D. altercations
8.Many well-educated people don?t believe that will endanger freedom of speech.
A. censership
B. censureship
C. sensorship
D. censorship
9.The of “snake” is simply this: a legless reptile with a long, thin body.
A. connotation
B. denomination
C. donation
D. denotation
10.When the opposing player fouled John, John let his anger his good sense and hit the boy back.
A. got the feel of
B. got the hang of
C. got the better of
D. got the worst of
Part B (5 points)
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
11.Although this book claims to be a biography of George Washington, many of the incidents are imaginary.
A. fascinating
B. factitious
C. fastidious
D. fictitious
12.The trade fair is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese auto industries
and overseas auto industries.
A. promote
B. protect
C. preserve
D. prolong
13.He was concerned only with mundane matters, especially the daily stock market quotations.
A. rational
B. obscure
C. worldly
D. eminent
14.The earthquake that occurred in India this year was a major calamity in which a great many lives were lost.
A. casualty
B. catastrophe
C. catalogue
D. crusade
15.The doctors were worried because the patient did not recuperate as rapidly as they had expected.
A. withdraw
B. emerge
C. recover
D. uncover
16.The purchaser of this lorry is protected by the manufacturer?s warranty that he will re place any defective part for five years or 50,000 miles.
A. prohibition
B. insurance
C. prophecy
D. guarantee
17.The boy could not reconcile himself to the failure, he did not believe that was his lot.
A. submit
B. commit
C. transmit
D. permit
18.In some cities of North China, the noise pollution is as pronounced as that in Tokyo.
A. contemptuous
B. contagious
C. conspicuous
D. contemplated
19.Trivial breaches of regulations we can pass over, but more serious ones will have to be investigated.
A. exceed
B. wither
C. overpass
D. neglect
20.We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man cut in and said,“There?s no point in talking about impossibilities.”
A. intersect
B. interject
C. penetrate
D. adulterate
Ⅲ Cloze (10 points)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.
Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads in Britain. Mile for mile, vehicle for vehicle, you are much more likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary road. On 23 the other hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to happen24 than in a comparable accident 25 on the roads.
Motorways have no 26 bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and 27 speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is 28 in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mpb limit applying in built up areas in Britain. Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps 29 ten metres between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups 30 vehicle stops for some reason, such as mechanical failure, driver error and so on, have become all 31 familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How 32 of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred metres to brake to a stop 33 70 mph? Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. 34 wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, on they 35 at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions 36 their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy
37 this motorway madness would be better driver education. At present, learner drivers are bared
38 motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is 39 thrown in at the deep end. However, much more efficient policing is required, 40 it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness.
21.A.for B. after C. to D. by
22.A.more B. far C. less D. lesser
23.A.another B. other C. one D. the other
https://www.doczj.com/doc/325646596.html,e up B. occur C. be found D. arise
25.A.everywhere B. elsewhere C. anywhere D. somewhere
26.A.pointed B. steep C. vertical D. sharp
27.A.thus B. then C. so D. thereupon
28.A.yet B. even C. still D. subsequently
29.A.utterly B. simply C. barely D. purely
30.A.because B. since C. when D. for
31.A.too B. also C. unduly D. unreasonably
32.A.many B. much C. deeply D. profoundly
33.A.to B. from C. at D. for
34.A.Whatever B. However C. Whoever D. How
35.A.push B. rake C. till D. plough
36.A.unless B. before C. thus D. until
37.A.to B. for C. of D. on
38.A.from B. against C. away D. off
39.A.related B. considered C. concerned D. touched
40.A.but B. then C. them D. for
Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(20 points)
Directions: Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B,C and D for each question or unfinished statement and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
Passage 1
The next time the men were taken up onto the deck, Kunta made a point of looking at the man behind him in line, the one who lay beside him to the left when they were below. He was a Serere tribesman much older than Kunta, and his body, front and back, was creased with whip cuts, some of them so deep and festering that Kunta felt badly for having wished sometimes that he might strike the man in the darkness for moaning so steadily in his pain. Staring back at Kunta, the Serere?s dark eyes were full of fury and defiance. A whip lashed out even as they stood looking at each other—this time at Kunta, spurring him to move ahead. Trying to roll away, Kunta was kicked heavily in his ribs. But somehow he and the gasping Wolof managed to stagger back up among the other men from their shelf who were shambling toward their dousing with buckets of seawater.
A moment later, the stinging saltiness of it was burning in Kunta?s wounds, and his screams joined those of others over the sound of the drum and the wheezing thing that had again begun marking time for the chained men to jump and dance for the toubob. Kunta and the Wolof were so weak from their new beating that twice they stumbled, but whip blows and kicks sent them hopping clumsily up and down in their chains. So great was his fury that Kunta was barely aware
of the women singing “Toubob fa!” And when he had finally been chained back down in his place in the dark hold, his heart throbbed with a lust to murder toubob.
Every few days the eight naked toubob would again come into the stinking darkness and scrape their tubs full of the excrement that had accumulated on the shelves where the chained men lay. Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring bale fully in hatred, following the bobbing orange lights, listening to the toubod cursing and sometimes slipping and tailing into the slickness underfoot—so plentiful now, because of the increasing looseness of the men?s bowels, that the filth had begun to drop off the edges of the shelves down into the aisleway.
The last time they were on deck, Kunta had noticed a man limping on a badly infected leg. This time the man was kept up on deck when the rest were taken back below. A few days later, the women told the other prisoners in their singing that the man?s leg had been cut off and that one of the women had been brought to tend him, but that the man had died that night and been thrown over the side. Starting then, when the toubob came to clean the shelves, they also dropped red-hot pieces of metal into pails of strong vinegar. The clouds of acrid steam left the hold smelling better, but soon it would again be overwhelmed by the choking stink. It was a smell that Kunta felt would never leave his lungs and skin.
The steady murmuring that went on in the hold whenever the toubob were gone kept growing in volume and intensity as the men began to communicate better and better with one another. Words not understood were whispered from mouth to ear along the shelves until someone who knew more than one tongue would send back their meanings. In the process, all of the men along each shelf learned new words in tongues they had not spoken before. Sometimes men jerked upward, bumping their heads, in the double excitement of communicating with each other and the fact that it was being done without the toubob?s knowledge. Muttering among themselves for hours, the men developed a deepening sense of intrigue and of brotherhood. Though they were of different villages and tribes, the feeling grew that they were not from different peoples or places.
41.The living conditions for the Blacks in the hold of the slave ship were .
A. adequate but primitive
B. inhumane and inadequate
C. humane but crowded
D. similar to the crew?s quarters
42.The prisoners had difficulty communicating with each other because .
A. they were too sick to talk
B. they distrusted one another
C. no one felt like talking
D. they spoke different languages
43.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to balefully as used in “Kunta would lie still with his eyes staring balefully in hatred”?
A. Indulgently
B. Vacantly
C. Forlornly
D. Menacingly
44.By constantly referring to such things as filth and choking stink, the author seeks to create
a tone that arouses a feeling of .
A. disgust with the dirt
B. horror at the injustice
C. revolting at the foul odor
D. relief that this happened long ago
45.Despite their intense pain and suffering, the Black men found a small measure of comfort in .
A. their exercise periods on deck
B. the breathtaking ocean scenery
C. their conversations with the Black women
D. their conversations with one another
Passage 2
Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economy?s vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.
Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will o verestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.
Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firm?s health in its infancy may be little indication of how well i t will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.
Frequent checks of your firm?s vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot ideA.
46.According to the passage, a country?s economy is probably decided by.
A. the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporations
B. the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capital
C. the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurants
D. the economic increase and decrease of the large companies
47.In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should .
A. get very well prepared for his new business
B. choose a business he?s already familiar with
C. examine the company?s crucial signs now and then
D. invest as much as possible into his enterprise
48.Which of the following statements about small business is not true? .
A. It helps effectively to fight unemployment.
B. The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses.
C. There?s a good omen for small business according to a survey.
D. Some small business owners are blind to early premonition of failure.
49.What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?
A. The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.
B. The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.
C. It?s too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because they have used up their money.
D. It?s urgent for small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalize their business.
50.What?s the main idea of this passage?
A. How to become a winner in small business?
B. How to be a successful boss in multinational corporation?
C. How to deal with the ups and downs in small business?
D. How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit?
Passage 3
The blue, mystic Lake Elsinore lies in an inland California valley which is teeming and steaming with hot springs. Rimmed by shaggy mountains whose forested crests are reflected in its clear waters, Lake Elsinore is the very personification of peace—but on it rests the curse of Tondo.
The lake has had a colorful history. Much of it lies buried in legend, and it is difficult to separate fact from fiction. There have been stories of underground volcanoes on the lake bottom, erupting, killing fish and discoloring the water. There have been stories of a playful sea serpent that lived in its depths.
Long noted for its scenic beauty and health-giving waters, the lake was a famous resort in the Nineties. But long before the first white man had set foot along the shore of the lake, this part of California had been the home of the Soboba Indians. Their chief was Tondo, a stern and unforgiving man.
He had a daughter, Morning Star, who was in love with Palo, son of the chief of the Palas, a neighboring tribe. The Sobobas and Palas were sworn enemies. For a time the lovers met secretly. Then one day they were discovered by Tondo. His rage was terrible to behold. He forbade the lovers ever to meet again.
Morning Star tried in every way to appease her father?s anger, to soften his heart toward Palo. But in time she saw that it was useless; that he would never give his consent to their marriage. V owing that they would never be separated, the Indian maid and her lover walked hand in hand into the lake, as the dreary November sun cast long shadows on the land. They were followed by a group of orphan children whom Morning Star had befriended. All walked into the lake, singing the mournful death song of their people, while Tondo stood on the shore and cursed the lovers, cursed
the blue water into which they all walked to their death.
Ever since that day it would seem that a jinx has been laid over Lake Elsinore. Oldtimers tell of a great upheaval in the lake which caused water to spout into the air like a geyser and turn blood-red. Later, it became known that three hundred springs of boiling mud and water were born in the valley during that upheaval. The springs reeked with sulphur.
For many years after this phenomenon the lake remained peaceful. Then boats were overturned for no apparent reason, and few of their occupants ever returned to tell the story. This continued for several years. At the same time, strong swimmers dived into the lake never to reappear.
In 1833 and again in 1846, fish in the lake suddenly died.
In the spring of 1850 came the Battle of the Gnats. They bred in the water of the lake and swarmed over the land. They invaded the countryside until the harassed inhabitants called for help.
And in July 1951, the sky-blue waters of the lake vanished like mist before a noonday sun. When the bottom was laid bare there was no trace of a volcano, the bottomless pits, or the other disturbances of legend or fact.
The copious winter rains of 1951—52 have replenished the lake. But what menace does its haunting beauty hold today? For tomorrow?
The once mighty Sobobas are few now. But the old men swear that their ancestors still haunt the lake. They nod grizzled head and murmur that the Great Tondo?s curse will forever remain upon the lake. Only time, the wise and silent one, can tell.
51.Which of the following statements is true of Lake Elsinore?
A. It is considered by legend to be rich in golb.
B. It was once famous as a beautiful resort.
C. It is located in a volcanic crater in California.
D. It used to be the center of a mining village.
52.Probably Tondo?s rage was due the fact that.
A. Morning Star was too young to marry
B. Tondo?s tribe and Palas?s tribe were enemies
C. Palo mistreated his Soboba girl friend
D. Palas vowed meet Morning Star in secret
53.According to the old-timers, on two occasions .
A. the water of the lake turned red
B. lake water sprouted into the air
C. the Gnats invaded the countryside
D. fish in the lake suddenly died
54.The word “jinx” (Line 1, Paragraph 6) probably means.
A. spell of bad luck
B. hot air current
C. strange tranquility
D. storm of unusual duration
55.Which can be considered the best title for the passage?
A. The Curse of Tondo.
B. The Beautify Lake Elsinore.
C. The Mysterious Indian Tribes.
D. The Tragic Love of Morning Star.
Passage 4
The crucial years of the Depression, as they are brought into historical focus, in creasingly emerge as the decisive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this decade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janusfaced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissance; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to come to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences.
America in the thirties was changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle. A predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big cities; power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large corporations. As a result, traditional American types such as the independent farmer and the small businessman were being replaced by the executive and the bureaucrat. Many Americans, deeply attached to the old way of life, felt disinhereited. At the same time, as immigration decreased and the population became more homogeneous, the need arose in art and literature to commemorate the ethnic and regional differences that were fast disappearing. Thus, paradoxically, the conviction that art, at least, should serve some purpose or carry some message of moral uplift grew stronger as the Puritan ethos lost its contemporary reality. Often this elevating message was a sermon in favor of just those traditional American virtues which were now threatened with obsolescence in a changed social and political context.
In this new context, the appeal of the paintings by the Regionalists and the American Scene painters often lay in their ability to recreate an atmosphere that glorified the traditional American values—self-reliance tempered with good-neighborliness, independence modified by a sense of community, hard work rewarded by a sense of order and purpose. Given the actual temper of the times, these themes were strangely anachronistic, just as the rhetoric supporting political isolationism was equally inappropriate in an international situation soon to involve America in a second world war. Such themes gained popularity because they filled a genuine need for a comfortable collective fantasy of a God-fearing, white-picket-fence America, which in retrospect took on the nostalgic appeal of a lost Golden Age.
In this light, an autonomous art-for-art?s sake was viewed as a foreign invader liable to subvert the native American desire for a purposeful art. Abstract art was assigned the role of the villainous alien; realism was to personify the genuine American means of expression. The argument drew favor in many camps: among the artists, because most were realists; among the politically oriented intellectuals, because abstract art was apolitical; and among museum officials, because they were surfeited with mediocre imitations of European modernism and were convinced that American art must develop its own distinct identity. To help along this road to self-definition, the museums were prepared to set up an artificial double standard, one for American art, and another for European art. In 1934, Ralph Flint wrote in Art News, “We have today in our midst a greater array of what may be called second, third, and fourth-string artists than any other country. Our big annuals are marvelous outpourings of intelligence and skill; they have all the diversity and animation of a fine-ring circus.”
56.According to the passage, in the 1930s, abstract art was seen as .
A. uniquely America
B. uniquely European
C. imitative of European modernism
D. counter to American regionalism
57.The second paragraph deals mainly with in America.
A. the rapid growth of urban population
B. the impact of industrialization on rural life
C. the disappearance of traditional values
D. the changing scenes in religion and politics
58.According to the passage, the best word to describe America in the 1930s would be .
A. reactionary
B. consistent
C. dynamic
D. melancholic
59. “The artificial standard” (Paragraph 4) refers to the difference between standards of judgement for .
A. realism and abstract art
B. politically oriented intellectuals and museum officials
C. European art and American art
D. landscape painting and abstract painting
60.The best choice for title of the passage would be .
A. The Thirties in Art. Reaction and Rebellion
B. America in the Thirties: A Changing Time
C. Thomas Hart Benton and Regionalism
Ⅴ Translation (20 points)
Part A (10 points)
Directions: Translate the following English into Chinese onto your ANSWER SHEET.
This organization is also a manufacturing firm. Here, however, management encourages and rewards risk taking and change. Decisions based on intuition are valued as much as those that are well rationalized. Management prides itself on its history of experimenting with new technologies and its success in regularly introducing innovative products. Managers or employees who have a good idea are encouraged to “run with it”, and failures are treated as “learning experiences”. The company prides itself on being market driven and rapidly responsive to the changing needs of its customers.
There are few rules and regulations for employees to follow, and supervision is loose because management believes that its employees are hardworking and trustworthy. Management is concerned with high productivity but believes that this comes through treating its people right. The company is proud of its reputation as being a good place to work.
Part B (10 points)
Directions: Translate the following Chinese into English onto your ANSWER SHEET.
我在这风光奇异的地方所呆的时间不长，但我的心灵得到了升华。那天晚上，我斗胆来到宾馆外，去观赏五彩斑斓的极光(nortern lights)把夜空照亮。传说如果你对着极光吹口哨，它们就会飘落在你的脚下。于是我吹响了口哨，发现它们仍呆在原先的地方，在寒冷贫瘠的
土地上空飘舞。一如那些飘舞的极光，这里同样是一片远离尘嚣的净土。
Ⅵ Writing (20 points)
Directions: A. Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “W hat can I Offer to the Society?”
B. First, write an outline for your essay, and then according to your outline, write your essay. Both your outline and your essay should be written clearly on your ANSWER SHEET.
真题7
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. D 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. C 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. A
中国人民大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题
ⅠListening Comprehension (30 minutes, 20 points)
（略）
ⅡVocabulary (10 points)
Part A (5 Points)
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
Example:
She prefers foreign wine to that produced__________.
A. previously
B. virtually
C. primarily
D. domestically
The sentence should read, “She prefers foreign wine to that produced domestically.” Therefore, you should choose D.
Sample Answer
［A］［B］［C］［D］
1. He seemed reluctant to send his troops in an effort to discourage the__________peasants.
A. animated
B. rebellious
C. creased
D. impassive
2. The company will__________to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.
A. retain
B. alter
C. abandon
D. adhere
3. The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and__________penicillin prescriptions.
A. dispenses
B. disposes
D. disperses D. dispatches
4. AIDS is causing great public concern because the__________fatal disease hits primarily young people.
A. invariably
B. imperatively
C. transiently
D. deceptively
5. The houses in this area were all erected in__________of housing regulations.
A. compliance
B. defiance
C. alliance
D. obedience
6. He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to__________.
A. suffice
B. satisfy
C. gratify
D. delight
7. The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their__________.cooperation
A. ethical
B. bilateral
C. mandatory
D. subsidiary
8. It is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the basis of the UN__________and other international laws.
A. Charter
B. Constitution
C. Concordance
D. Custody
9. When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall__________in all three.
A. rare
B. lacking
C. short
D. scarce
10. Three weeks after the suicide bombing, the police were still hunting for bombers for they believe more were__________.
A. on the verge
B. on the sly
C. on the spot
D. on the loose
Part B (5 points)
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding lettr with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
Example:
The secretary is very competent; she can finish all these letters within one hour.
A. careful
B. industrious
C. clever
D. capable
In this sentence, “competent” is closest in meaning to “capable”. Therefore you Should ch oose D.
Sample Answer
［A］［B］［C］［D］
11. As there was not enough money to bury all dead AIDS orphans, 23 babies were interred in a modest cemetery in South Africal before World AIDS Day.
A. parentless children
B. miserable victims
C. contagious bodies
D. infectious patient
12. In his opinion, the objection to barbarity does not mean that capital punishment should not go on.
A. adversity
B. savagery
C. habitat
D. integrity
13. What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.
A. sublime
B. erroneous
C. plausible
D. impeccable
14. It could not be ruled out that, sooner or later, the country would break out of the treaty.
A. confirmed
B. tolerated
C. excluded
D. refuted
15. Now researchers are directing more attention to the social and cultural impetus that propelled university graduates into careers in management.
A. implication
B. propaganda
C. impulse
D. refuted
16. Lincoln, former president of the United States, is a conspicuous example of a poor boy who succeeded.
A. sturdy
B. obstinate
C. permanent
D. manifest
17. Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical.
A. focused
B. concentrated
C. agreed
D. based
18. He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.
A. tenacity
B. curiosity
C. civility
D. hostility
19. Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicle for the spread of computer viruses despite the governments'determined efforts to quash software piracy.
A. boost
B. prevent
C. crush
D. restrict
20. It is reported that the latest outbreak of the bird flu in Pennsylvania in the United States has prompted China to slap a ban on poultry imports from the sate.
A. marine products
B. dairy products
C. industrial products
D. avian products
Ⅲ Cloze (10 points)
The effect of the baby boom on the schools helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education in the 1920 's. In the 1920 's, but especially __1__the Depression of the 1930's, the United States experienced a__2__birth rate. Then with the prosperity__3__on by the Second World War and the economic boom that followed it, young people married and__4__households earlier and began to__5__larger families than had their__6__during the Depression. Birth rates rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955.
__7__economics was probably the most important__8__, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed__9__the idea of the family also helps to__10__this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming__11__the first grade by the mid -1940's and became a __12__by 1950. The public school system suddenly found itself __13__The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built between 1940 and 1945.__14__, large numbers of teachers left their profession during that period for better-paying jobs elsewhere.
__15__, in the 1950's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the custodial rhetoric of the 1930's no longer made__16__; keeping youths ages sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high__17__for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children. With the baby boom, the focus of educators__18__turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills and__19__. The system no longer had much__20__in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.
1. A. in B. for C. at D. on
2. A. accelerating B. strengthening C. declining D. fluctuating
3. A. took B. produced C. brought D. carried
4. A. adopted B. incorporated C. administered D. established
5. A. increase B. raise C. erect D. generate
6. A. predecessors B. successors C. processors D. oppressors
7. A. Since B. Despite C. Although D. Unless
8. A. tenant B. determinant C. lubricant D. repentant
9. A. at B. on C. for D. with
10. A. demonstrate B. interpret C. exhibit D. explain
11. A. through B. across C. into D. towards
12. A. creek B. flood C. bonus D. pledge
13. A. overtaxed B. overdosed C. overweighed D. overlapped
14. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D. Thus
15. A. Nevertheless B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Hence fore
16. A. sense B. meaning C. sensible D. meaningful
17. A. notoriety B. compatibility C. proximity D. priority
18. A. refutably B. indispensably C. inevitably D. respectively
19. A. conference B. symposium C. seminar D. discipline
20. A. ability B. advantage C. benefit D. interest
Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 points)
Directions:
Read the following passages, decide on the best one of the choices marked A, B, C and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ.
Passage 1
When I was a kid, I never knew what my parents—or anyone else's—did for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, “I love you's,” and
attendance at kids' football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.
While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, ”Ask the children ,“conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1, 000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their parents' work lives. “If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents' work affected your life,” the survey asked kids, “what would that wish be?” Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work.
Allison Levin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of “work/life quality”. Levin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments-not only at the office but at home and in the community too—and start paring them down. “It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done,” she says. “It's about saying no and making choices.”
We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)
Parents can also de-stress by cutting back on their children's activities. If keeping up with your kid's schedule is killing you, insist that he choose between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my can. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.
1. Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage?
A. Kids Say: Chill
B. Kids Stress Parents
C. Parents Complain about work
D. Parents Get in Good Mood
2. The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that__________.
A. she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the president
B. she didn't know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she was young
C. she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lot
D. she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves
3. We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children__________.
A. are very anxious about their parents for their hard work
B. are looking forward to being with their parents
C. are very considerate about their parents
D. are very ambitious to change their parents' work
4. The phrase “paring them down” in the third paragraph most likely means__________.
A. gathering the work and family duties together
B. matching the work quality to life quality
C. decreasing the defeating commitments
D. denying to fulfill their work and family obligations
5. Which of the following is not the way to de-stress the parents' heavy burden?
A. Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office.
B. Reducing participating the activities for the office.
C. Sharing with the children some happy experience.
D. Taking part more actively in community activities.
Passage 2
There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them.
The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as “background”), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).
The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.
The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student's ability to carry out research.
The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or
practitioners.
6. The best title for this passage could be__________.
A. Types of Research Reports
B. Types of Journal Articles
C. Writing of research Reports
D. Writing of Different Articles
7. The common aspect for the journal articles, these and conference papers lies in that__________.
A. they are all for the practitioners
B. they are all to be read by researchers
C. they are all for being published
D. they are all forms of reporting research
8. We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through__________.
A. their writing style and length
B. their aims and possible audiences
C. their presented places and time
D. their content and purposes
9. Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?
A. Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.
B. All the theses or dissertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.
C. Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.
D. The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.
10. How can a professor evaluate a student's capability of implementing the research?
A. By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and disscussion.
B. By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.
C. By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.
D. By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results etc.
Passage 3
What do consumers really want? That's a question market researchers would love to answer. But since people don't always say what they think, marketers would need direct access to consumers' thoughts to get the truth.
Now, in a way, that is possible. At the “Mind of the Market” laboratory at Harvard Business School, researchers are looking inside shoppers' skulls to develop more effective advertisements and marketing pitches. Using imaging techniques that measure blood flow to various parts of the brain, the Harvard team hopes to predict how consumers will react to particular products and to discover the most effective ways to present information. Stephen Kosslyn, a professor of psychology at Harvard, and business school professor Gerald Zaltman, oversee the lab. “The goal is not to manipulate peoples' preferences,” says Kosslyn, “just to speak to their actual desires.” The group's findings, though still preliminary, could radically change how firms develop and
market new products.
The Harvard group use position emission topography (PET) scans to monitor the brain activity. These PET scans, along with other non-invasive imaging techniques; enable researchers to see which parts of the brain are active during specific tasks (such as remembering a worD.. Correlations have been found between blood flow to specifc areas and future behavior. Because of this, Harvard researchers believe the scans can also predict future purchasing patterns. According to an unpublished paper the group produced, “It is possible to use these techniques to predict not only whether people will remember and have specific emotional reactions to certain materials, but also whether they will be inclined to want those materials months later.”
The Harvard group is now moving into the next stage of experiments. They will explore how people remember advertisements as part of an effort to predict how they will react to a product after having seen an ad. The researchers believe that once key areas of the brain are identified, scans on about two dozen volunteers will be enough to draw conclusions about the reactions of specific segments of the population. Large corporations-including Coca Cola, Eastman Kodak, General Motors, and Hallmark-have already signed up to fund further investigations.
For their financial support, these firms gain access to the experiments but cannot control them. If Kosslyn and Zaltman and their team really can read the mind of the market, then consumers may find it even harder to get those advertising jingles out of their heads.
11. Which of the following statements can be the best title for this passage?
A. Reading the Mind of the Market
B. Controlling the Consumers' Preferences
C. Improving the Styles of Advertising
D. Finding Out the Way to Predict
12. Why do the Harvard researchers use scientific technology in the experiments?
A. Because they don't believe the surveys done by the marketers can lead to the truth.
B. Because they are asked by the marketers to find a direct way to read the consumers' thoughts.
C. Because they want to find out how the ads influence people's brain activity and emotional responses etc.
D. Because they expect that their experiments can basically alter the marketing strategies of products.
13. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. Sometimes people will conceal what they think when being questioned by the market researchers.
B. Stephen Kosslyn and Gerald Zaltman overlook the experiments and criticize the purpose of the study.
C. Harvard researchers have found the corresponding relations between people's brain and behavior.
D. There are many large organizations endorsing and financing the Harvard group's further investigation.
14. What does “to speak to” in the last sentence of the second paragraph mean?
A. to talk to
B. to say to
C. C. to communicate to
D. to respond to
15. The last sentence of this passage implies that__________.
A. If the experiments' results can be applied to the practice, the customers will be very likely to buy things according to the ads.
B. If the Harvard group can succeed in finishing the research, they will use it in attracting more and more and more and more consumers into the market.
C. The financial supporting corporations such as Coca Cola, General Motors can employ the experiments in their own marketing.
D. The consumers may discover that those ads will always annoy them by jingling out of their heads and cause them headaches.
Passage 4
Real policemen, both Britain and the United States hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV—if they ever get home in time. There are similarities, of course, but the cops don't think much of them.
The first difference is that a policeman's real life revolves round the law. Most of his training is in criminal law. He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down an alley after someone he has to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in chatting to scantily clad ladies or in dramatic confrontations with desperate criminal. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty—or not—of stupid, petty crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal; as soon as he's arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks—where failure to produce results reflects on the standing of the police—little effort is spent on searching. The police have an elaborate machinery which eventually shows up most wanted men.
Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence. Much of this has to be given by people who don't want to get involved in a court case. So as well as being overworked, a detective has to be out at all hours of the day and night interviewing his witnesses and persuading them, usually against their own best interests, to help him.
A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant moral twilight in which the real one lives. Detectives are subject to two opposing pressures: first as members of a police force they always have to behave with absolute legality, secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to deceive the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness—as he sees it—of citizens, social workers, doctors, law makers, and judges, who, instead of stamping out crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine tenths of their work is reaching people who should have stayed behind bars. This makes them rather cynical.
16. It is essential for a policeman to be trained in criminal law__________.
A. so that he can catch criminals in the streets
B. because many of the criminals he has to catch are dangerous
C. so that he can justify his arrests in court
D. because he has to know nearly as much about law as a professional lawyer
17. The everyday life of a policeman or detective is__________.
A. exciting and glamorous
B. full of danger
C. devoted mostly to routine matters
D. wasted on unimportant matters
18. When murders and terrorist attacks occur the police__________.
A. prefer to wait for the criminal to give himself away
B. spend a lot of effort on trying to track down their man
C. try to make a quick arrest in order to keep up their reputation
D. usually fail to produce results
19. The real detective lives in “an unpleasant moral twilight” because__________.
A. he is an expensive public servant
B. he must always behave with absolute legality
C. he is obliged to break the law in order to preserve it
D. he feels himself to be cut off from the rest of the world
20. Detectives are rather cynical because__________.
A. nine tenths of their work involves arresting people
C. hardly anyone tells them the truth
C. society does not punish criminals severely enough
D. too many criminals escape from jail
Ⅴ Translation (20 points)
Part A. (10 points)
Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.
The Basis for Social Order
Man, said Aristotle, is a social animal. This sociability requires peaceful congregation, and the history of mankind is mainly a movement through time of human collectivities that range from migrant tribal bands to large and complex civilizations. Survival has been due to the ability to create the means by which men in groups retain their unity and allegiance to one another.
Order was caused by the need and desire to survive the challenge of the environment. This orderly condition called the “state”, and the rules that maintained it, the “law”. With time the partner to this tranquility, man marched across the centuries of his evolution to the brink of exploring the boundaries of his own galaxy. Of all living organisms, only man has the capacity to interpret his own evolution as progress. As social life changed, the worth and rights of each member in the larger group, of which he was a part, increased. As the groups grew from clans to civilizations, the value of the individual did not diminish, but became instead a guide to the rules
that govern all men.
Part B. (10 points)
Direction: Translate the following Chinese passage into English on your ANSWER SHEET.
各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，要想了解一个人的禀赋资质和实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。
ⅥWriting (20 points)
Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “Opportunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization.”
试题详解
Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes, 20 points) (略）
ⅡVocabulary (10 points)
Part A
1. B 句意：他似乎不太愿意用他的军队去阻止起义的农民。rebellious反叛的，反抗的；animated活泼的，生动的；creased有折痕的；impassive冷漠的。
2. D 句意：该公司将信守协议，不论这一过程的代价有多大。adhere坚持，与to构成常用词组；retain保持，保留；alter改变；abandon放弃，遗弃。
3. B 句意：街角上的药店出售aspirins和处方penicillin。dispose处理；dispense分配，分发；disperse（使）分散，（使）分开；dispatch分派，派遣。
4. A invariably不变的，总是；imperatively命令式地；transiently短暂地；deceptively 迷惑地，虚伪地。
5. D 句意：这一地区的房子都是按照建房规定建盖的。obedience服从，顺从；in obedience of遵守，依照；compliance依从，in compliance of符合，依据；defiance挑衅，蔑视；alliance联盟，联合。
6. A 句意：他本想得到25%的工资涨幅，但在同老板谈话后，他认为他不得不满足于5%的涨幅。suffice使满足，表示带有无奈情绪的满足；satisfy满足，主语为人；gratify使满足，表示超出预想的满足；delight（使）高兴，（使）欣喜。
7. B 句意：两位代表就如何加强双边合作深入交换了意见。bilateral双边的；ethical 道德的；mandatory强制的，托管的；subsidiary辅助的，补充的。
8. A charter宪章，the UN Charter联合国宪章；constitution宪法，章程，惯例；concordance 和谐；custody保官。
9. C 句意：当我们把成功人士的成功归因于聪明、体力或好运的时候，我们也是在为我们自己找借口，因为我们在所有这三个方面都落后了。fall short表示“落后”；rare罕见的；lacking缺乏的，不足的；scarce缺乏的。