专题十名词性从句
第一节基本知识与基本概念
【什么是名词性从句？】
顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description.
That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.
Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.
When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.
It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.
It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.
【宾语从句】
在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如：
We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests.
He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.
Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years.
That will depend on whether they can get the chance.
Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment.
The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again.
【表语从句】
表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如：
The only question left is how often the workers are paid.
His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating.
【同位语从句】
从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。有点像定语从句。这个点是许多学生容易混淆的地方。但是，只有我们能把握住关键，即：定语从句的先行词在从句中必须作一个成分，并且这个成分应该是个空白，也就是说，定语从句必须缺少成分。
这一点恰恰是同位语从句所不能做到的。同位语从句前面的名词在从句中是没有位置的。况且，也不是所有的名词后面都会跟同位语从句，只有那些“有内容的名词”才需要解释。如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt等。如：
That fact that the policeman didn’t fire at the man at all was ignored.
Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom.
The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited.
【连接代词、连接副词和连接词】
通过以上介绍，我们可以看出，四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中作作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。如下表：
连接词that, if, whether
引导名词性从句
的连接词连接代词who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever
连接副词when, where, how, why
第二节考点分类解析
【考点一：语序问题】
名词性从句的语序问题一直断断续续地在各地高考题目中出现，由此可见其重要性。其实说来非常简单易记：永远陈述语气。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。如：
Who he is doesn’t matter much.
When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.
I don’t know what his name is.
I don’t know what is wrong with him. = I don’t know what is the matter with him.
You can’t imagine how excited I was at that time.
Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?
No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what will man look like
B. what man will look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
答案：B。这个题就是典型的考查宾语从句的语序问题。根据以上所述，应该是陈述语序。所以A、C 两个选项就不可能了。而D选项明显不符合我们的语言习惯。
【考点二：that和what的区别问题】
能引导名词性从句的关系代词有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八个。为何单独讲what的用法呢？重要！在考试中出现的频率高！在本书第一章《定语从句》中，我们提到过，what是不能引导定语从句的。定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语、宾语、表语，我们选择的是关系代词that或其他。现在山头换了，到了名词性从句的知识范围了。What在名词性从句中就很有用武之地了。还是分析成分，what 在从句中作的主语、宾语、表语。而that只是一个“连接词”，既
不作什么成分，也没有什么意义。如:
What you did doesn’t agree with what you promised.
What he couldn’t understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him.
The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession.
What we can’t get always seems better than what we have already got.
I think that your composition is no better than his.
That you don’t love her is not my business.
What we have seen is different from _______.
A. we heard
B. we have heard
C. what we heard
D. what we have heard
I couldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting.
A. that you said
B. which you said
C. all what you said
D. what you said
【考点三：that和whether的区别问题】
有时候，它们两个比较难以区别，因为，它们都是连接词，都在从句中不作成分。但是，它们之间最大的区别在于“意义”。即that在从句中既不作成分，也没有自己的意义；而whether就不同了。它虽然不在从句中作什么成分，但是它又意义，即“是否”。这就能够左右从句的意思，使从句所表达的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素。如：
I don’t know wheth er he can join us or not.
I’m sure that he can join us.
It is none of your business whether I love her.
It is none of your business that I don’t love her.
综上所述，区分that还是whether，重要一点就是看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思，是确定的，还是不确定的；是事实还是疑问。前者选that，后者选whether。如：
I have no doubt _____ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.
A. that
B. whether
C. why
D. when
答案：Ａ。这个题之所以选择that，就是因为前面的I have no doubt（毫无疑问），这样
的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么“是否”了。
No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions.
A. that
B. whether
C. why
D. what
答案：Ｂ。这个题中的No one can be sure（没有人能肯定）就要求从句表达一个“董
事会能否接受我们的条件”的意思，而不能是一个既定的事实。
【考点四：if和whether的区别问题】
二者在引导宾语从句时都有“是否”之意。但并不是永远可以互换。一般认为，二者可
以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。如：
He didn’t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.
而在介词的宾语从句中，在主语从句中，在表语从句中，在同位语从句中，在和不定式搭配的结构中等等，习惯上只能用whether。如：
1. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
2. The question of _______ they are old or young is not important.
A. which
B. whether
C. how
D. if
3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.
A. if
B. what
C. whether
D. how
4. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
A. if
B. when
C. whether
D. how
5. The news _____ our team has won the match is unknown.
A. which
B. if
C. whether
D. then
值得注意的是：有些资料依然强调if不能与or not搭配的问题。过去有过这样的规定，只是在现代英语中，已经不再强调了而已。现在认为if… or not也可以接受。
【考点五：wh-词和wh-ever的区别问题】
一般认为，wh-词在引导从句时，依然保留了很大部分的疑问词的本色，所以，它们引导的从句在意思上应该表达的是一个“问题”，如：“谁？什么？何时？何地？为何？怎么？”等。而wh-ever已经没有这层色彩，不再关心这样的“问题”，而是充满了让步的意味，多有“无论．．．”之意。如：The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man’s death.
警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多。
Whoever will benefit from the old man’s death will be questioned by the police.
能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的盘问。
Who will be sent t o help the people in the flooded areas hasn’t been announced.
谁将被派往洪灾区去救援还没有宣布。
Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help
the people in need. 不管是谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民。
【考点六：no matter wh-和wh-ever的区别问题】
二者都有“无论．．．”之意。在引导让步状语从句时确实可以互换，没有什么区别。但是，no matter wh-只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。Wh-ever则二者兼收，来去自由。由此包含与被包含的关系决定，二者同时出现而必选其一时，答案肯定是wh-ever。如：
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (主语从句)
Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished. (状语从句)
Don’t believe whatever he tells you. (宾语从句)
Don’t believe him, whatever/ no matter what he tells you. (状语从句)
【考点七：名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题】
先看宾语从句的虚拟语气。一般说来，如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点、态度或要求等语气的动词的宾语时，从句中要求用should＋动词原形的虚拟语气（should经常可以省略）。这些动词常见的有：desire, demand, require, request, order, propose, command, advise, suggest等。如：例：He insisted that she （should）spend more time studying.
He demanded that we （should）be on time.
The boss required that all waiters (should) keep standing all day long.
The publishing house suggested that I (should) type my book out.
有两个特例是高中老师不愿意错过的。那就是suggest和insist。它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要看具体语境来定。如：
The doctor suggested that I had a cold。
(这个suggest的意思是“解释，说明”。后面不用虚拟语气)
The big smiles on her face suggested that she had passed the test.
(这个suggest的意思是“表明”。后面不用虚拟语气)
The doctor suggested that I (should) stay in bed for a few day.
(这个suggest的意思是“建议”。后面用虚拟语气)
The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army.
(这个insist坚持的是一个事实不是一种观点。后面不用虚拟语气)
That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front.
(这个insist坚持的是一种观点，即“他应该被派往前线”。后面用虚拟语气)
以上是宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象。如果是其他三种名词性从句，只要和上述动词有关，也享受同样的待遇。如：
The headquarter s’ suggestion is that we (should) wait for another few days. (表语从句)
His order that all the soldiers (should) swim across the river was refused. (同位语从句)
It is strongly recommended that you (should) take a taxi. (主语从句)
另外，在下面这几个特殊的句型中，后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。
a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential（必要的）/suggested that…should do…如：
It is important that you （should）be on time.
It is necessary that you (should) exercise regularly.
b. I wish that … did…. 如：
I wish I were a bird.
I wish one day I could live on the moon.
c. I’d rather that… did…如：
I’d rather you did it yourself.
I’d rather I hadn’t lent you that bicycle yesterday.
【考点八：宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题】
众所周知，反意疑问句是由句子的谓语和主语的代词形式共同构成。如：
He is ignorant, isn’t he?
He isn’t strong, is he?
但是，如果前面的句子中含有宾语从句，怎么办？答案是一定针对主句的主语、谓语。如：You know he is ignorant, don’t you?
I told you he isn’t strong, didn’t I?
有一种例外，当主句的主语是I,且谓语动词是表示观点的动词如think, believe, suppose, expect, am afraid等时，就只能针对从句反问了。因为没有人会对自己的观点吗上进行反诘。如：
I think he is ignorant, isn’t he?
I believe he isn’t strong, is he?
【考点九：it在名词性从句中的作用问题】
代词it的用法有很多。但近几年的高考关注的却比较集中，即it作为普通回指代词的用法和在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。如：
作形式主语：
It worried me a bit that he didn’t phone.
It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.
It doesn’t matter when you arrive--- just come when you can.
It wasn’t clear to anyone why he didn’t come.
It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.
作形式宾语：
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
I think it important that we should keep calm.
Don’t take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.
He doesn’t want it to be known that he’s going away.
You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.
【考点十：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】
从表面上看，it作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。如：
It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. (主语从句)
It is with Tom’s help that we were able to persuade him to join us. (强调句型)
其实，强调句型其实很简单，即在It is/was 与that之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分。大部分考题都是考查that的选择问题。即考查考生判断某句是否是强调句型的问题。这个看似容易的问题在出题人的多种变化之下有时也会变得很令人头疼。下面是几种常见的出题形式：1．基本式：
It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist.
2. 一般疑问句式：
Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist?
3. 特殊疑问句式：
Where was it that you met the foreign tourist?
4．复合句式：
Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist?
5．套定语从句式：
It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born.
6. 套定语从句加省略式：
--- Where did you meet the foreign tourist?
--- It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist).
判断一个句子是否是强调句型是个关键。这里重要思路是当去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后，该句子是否还成立。下面几个例子就不是强调句型：
It was not yet seven o’clock when he came back last night.
因为，*He came back last night not yet seven o’clock.就不是个正确的句子。
--- I heard that Tom was once almost drowned. When was that?
--- It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool.
同理，*He was swimming in a pool in 2000. 从逻辑上看也不成立。因为，我们不可能一整年都在游泳。
第三节巩固练习
（一）、【夯实基础】
1. America was ________ was called “India” by Columbus.
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. the place
2. --- I’d like to invite you to a concert this evening.
--- Thank you, but ______ I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
A. while
B. if
C. when
D. whether
3.I kept looking at the man, wondering ______________.
A. whether I have seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen him before
4.You have not yet answered my question ________ I can join in the party tonight.
A. whether
B. if
C. which
D. that
5. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into
universities.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
6. A computer can only do _______ you have instructed it to do.
A. how
B. after
C. what
D. when
7. It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar ______ using them in all aspects of life.
A. that; out
B. what; with
C. that; with
D. what; about
8.Don’t leave for tomorrow _______ you can do today.
A. if
B. what
C. that
D. unless
9. Was it because it rained yesterday ______ he didn’t come?
A. why
B. when
C. then
D. that
10. ______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.
A. What; what
B. That; that
C. What; that
D. That; that
11. --- What clothes should we wear to attend the ball?
--- Dress _______ you like.
A. what
B. however
C. whatever
D. how
12. ________ has ridden on a railway train knows how _____ another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction.
A. Anyone who; rapid
B. Whoever; rapidly
C. Anything; rapid
D. Whatever; rapidly
13. We believe _______ you have devoted yourself ________ sure to come true.
A. that; is
B. all that; to be
C. that all; are
D. what; to is
14. You may give the film ticket to _______ you think needs it.
A. no matter who
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter whom
15. Was it in 1998, when he was still at middle school, ______ this boy became expert at computer?
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. that
16. It was ______ he came to Macao ______ he knew what kind of place it was.
A. that; when
B. until; that
C. not until; when
D. not until; that
17. All finished, we sat down to enjoy ______ we thought the most delicious dinner.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. it
18. It was not until he explained it a second time _______ it.
A. when we understood
B. that we understood
C. did we understand
D. that did we understand
19. The Beaches held _____ they called “family day” once each year.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. when
20. --- How did he fail the examination?
--- It was because he was too careless _______ he made so many mistakes.
A. therefore
B. that
C. so that
D. so
21. In some countries, ______ i s called “equality” does not really mean equal rights fro all people.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. how
22. --- ______ helps others will be helped.
--- So I’ll be thankful to and try to help _______ has helped us.
A. Whoever; whomever
B. Whoever; whoever
C. Who; whoever
D. Who; whomever
23. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. what
24. It was not until dark _______ he found ________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that; what
B. that; that
C. when; what
D. when; that
25. The question came up at the meeting _______ we had enough money for our research.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. whether
26. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.
A. If
B. That
C. When
D. Because
27.______ we are doing has never been done before.
A. That
B. What
C. Which
D. Whether
28.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and
_______ more than 10,000 years ago.
A. this is Alaska
B. Alaska is now
C. is now Alaska
D. what is now Alaska
29.Please tell me ______ you would like to have your coffee ---- black or white?
A. what
B. where
C. which
D. how
30.Many workers were organized to clear away _______ remained of the World Trade center.
A. those
B. that
C. what
D. where
(二)、【真题实战一】
1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What
B. Why
C. Where
D. Which
2. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.
A. what
B. why
C. how
D. whether
3.It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how
B. what
C. which
D. when
4. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
A. That
B. Which
C. What
D. As
5. Why not try your lu ck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.
A. where
B. what
C. when
D. why
6. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. where
7. Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales, please?
A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who
8. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.
A. That
B. What
C. Whether
D. Where
9. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
(三)、【真题实战二】
1. We haven’t sett led the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if
B. where
C. whether
D. that
2. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. what
3. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.
A. where
B. when
C. how
D. what
4. –What did your parents think about your decision?
–They always let me do _______ I think I should.
A. when
B. that
C. how
D. what
5. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ________he was a
man of action.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
6. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class________ he had to meet his uncle at the air port.
A. why
B. that
C. where
D. because
7. --- Could you do me a favour?
--- It depends on ______ it is.
A. which
B. whichever
C. what
D. whatever
8. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. which
9. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A. No matter what
B. No matter which C Whatever D. Whichever
10. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.
A. As
B. That
C. This
D. It
11. — It's thirty years since we lest met.
— But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. when
12. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my
mother’s birthday．
A．if B．when
C．that D．which
13. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A. What
B. Who
C. Whatever
D. Whoever
14. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that
B. which
C. until
D. if
15. These shoes look very good. I wonder _____.
A. how much cost they are
B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost
D. how much are they cost
16. Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. why
17. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _________her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs
in that town.
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
18. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. you
19. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night.
A. so
B. that
C. it
D. them
(四)、【真题实战三】
1. Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why
B. what
C. who
D. that
2. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when _____ and see him.
A. you will come
B. will you come
C. you come
D. do you come
3. _______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required
B. What requires
C. It is required
D. It requires
4. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ____ this shaking had begun half a
year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how
B. how; when
C. how; how
D. why; why
5. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. which
6. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ______ he is tired out.
A. There is no point
B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way
7. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
8. Do you have any idea ______ is going on in the classroom?
A. that
B. what
C. as
D. which
9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
10. The way he did it was different ______ we were used to.
A. in which
B. in what
C. from what
D. from which
11. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. whether
12. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
--- I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
(五)、【真题实战四】
1. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
2. Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree.
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
4. We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that
B. as
C. why
D. when
5. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
6. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. how
7. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and
qualified noblemen at court.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. that
8. I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which
B. why
C. what
D. how
参考答案
【夯实基础】
1-5 CDBAB 6-10 CCBDC 11-15 BBDCD 16-20 DCBCB 21-25 BBDAD
26-30 BBDDC
【真题实战2007】1-5 AABCA 6-9 ACBD
【真题实战2006】1-5 CDBDB 6-10 BCCDD 11-15 BCAAC 16-19 BDBC
【真题实战2005】1-5 AACCA 6-10 CBBCC 11-12 CB
【真题实战2004】1-5 CBBCA 6-8 BDC
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
定语从句 考纲要求： 掌握定语从句的基本知识；区分定语从句和名词性从句的性质和用法。 在具体的语境中考查非限制性定语从句的引导词以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；设置语境，考查抽象地点或时间概念的名词作先行词时关系副词的选择，甚至通过增加先行词的隐蔽性来增加试题的难度；考查定语从句的特殊句型，即：特定词汇+of whom/which 引导的定语从句。 复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从的连接词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, why, where等。这些关系代词或关系副词有替代先行词，连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当成分三个作用。定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 限制性从句是句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思的完整性。一般用逗号把主从句分开。关系代词that不可以引导非限定性定语从句，其他可引导定语从句的连词均可引导非限定性定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。有时先行词是关系代词前的整个句子。 1.当先行词是人： 关系词要用who, whom, that, whose等，其中who/that 在从句中课充当主语或宾语，whom 在从句中只能充当宾语，whose在从句中充当定语,不可省略(of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词+of whom。) This is the man who/that can speak several foreign language.（who/that 在从句中作主语，不可省略） I like the girl (who/whom/that)you referred to yesterday.(who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语，可省略） The government tried to help the old woman whose son (of whom the son/the son of whom）died in the war. [注意：whose与所修饰名词之间无任何冠词，否则要用of whom] 注意： ?若连接词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，代替人必须用whom，且不可省略There is nobody in the street to whom I can turn for help.(turn to sb for help 求助于某人) ?若介词在后面，则who, whom或that均可引导从句，且可以省略。 There is nobody in the street that /who/whom I can turn to for help. （填一填）The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. ?在下列情况下多用who或whom,而不用that ①先行词是all, anyone, one, ones, those, people等时 All who can dance well will be invited.（who在从句中作主语） Those who (whom)he knows will be invited.(who/whom在从句中作宾语） ②在被分割的定语从句中 A new teacher will come who will teach us English. ③在there be句型中 There is a girl who wants to see you. ④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who. Every student that is from China who likes English will have a chance to get a book. 2.当先行词是物： 连接词要用which，that，whose，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语；whose在从句中作定语，后直接跟名词，无冠词，若有则用of which。（whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中做定语,相当于my, his, her, its, their 等修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或of which+名词。） The building which/that stands in the center is our school library.（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略） This is the book (which/that)you want.(which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略） The building whose window (of which the window)faces south is our school library.(作定语）（填一填）Look out! Don't get close to the house ________ roof is under repair. 注意： ?如果关系代词在句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，必须用which，且不可省略。 The house in which I live is near yours. The house (that/which )I live in is near yours.
教学过程 一、复习预习 1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺； 2、导入： e.g. She is a beautiful girl. She is a beautiful girl who drives me crazy. 二、知识讲解 （一）定语从句定义
1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。 2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。 3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。 关系代词的种类： 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 关系副词：when, where, why 4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。 a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her. b、In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. c、Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie. d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. （二）定语从句分类 限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。 1、The man who gave me this book is T om .(限定性) 2、T om,who is reading a book ,is my classmate (非限定性) （三）关系代词 1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a German . 2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。 e.g. I know the girl (whom) the teacher is speaking to . I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking . 3、whose, 作定语，可指人或物 e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead. They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in . 4、that 指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略） e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us . This is a plant that grows in the north . 5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。 e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north . ☆常用that不用which的情况 1、当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时，只用that。 歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。 Pay attention to everything that I do.
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
高考英语专题定语从句知识点真题汇编及答案解析 一、选择题 1．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Take an active part in programs you enjoy______you can meet various kinds of people. A．what B．when C．that D．where 4．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 5．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around. A．what B．which C．that D．whose 6．5G is an exciting mobile technology, ________ will give a massive boost to smart cities and vehicles. A．where B．when C．that D．which 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 9．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 10．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when 11．Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest. A．its B．which C．those D．whose 12．You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives whi le fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why 15．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thick snow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years. A．that; which B．whose ; which C．of which ; what D．of whom ;that
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。 提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。（连接先特词和定语从句I ） 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。（替代） 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。（在定语从句中作主语） 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 A． 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 ? 借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词） . 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。（定语从句修饰先行词） , , . 会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。（定语从句修饰先行词） B． 指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用。 . 有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ） I . 和我一起工作的人都很友好。（定语从句修饰先行词） . , I , . . , I , . 昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替） , I , . 两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。（在介词后面不用） C． 人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。 . 有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。（定语从句修饰先行词） I . 我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。（定语从句修饰行词） D． 1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。
名词性从句 名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点，也是高考考查的热点。 一、名词性从句的分类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其连接词有that, if, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。 考查热点一：对主语从句的考查 主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。但为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句尾。 考查热点二：对宾语从句的考查 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动make, find, see, think等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain 等之后也可以带宾语从句。 考查热点三：对表语从句的考查 表语从句在句子中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。 一、什么是表语（predicative） 在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、动词的-ed、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。 Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics.
高考英语专题定语从句知识点单元汇编 一、选择题 1．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 2．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 3．Though it is 30 years_______we last met, I still remember the scene_______we got separated on a rainy day. A．before; where B．before; which C．since; when D．since; where 4．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 5．Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers,__________we assume separates the high achievers from the rest. A．as B．who C．which D．that 6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A．them B．that C．which D．whom 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 10．Sales director is a position _______ communication ability is just as important as sales. A．which B．that C．when D．where 11．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 12．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 13．The Molalla High School has a wall of Post-it notes ________ students write kind messages for kids to take when they have a bad day. A．that B．which C．when D．where 14．_______ is known to all, grammar is not a set of dead rules. A．That B．Which C．As D．It 15．The art festival is an annual event ______ the students can show off their talents.
高考英语定语从句陷阱题总结归纳 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1.The factory was built in a secret place,around______high mountains. A.which was B.it was C.which were D.them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是high mountains,around which是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数was.请做以下类例题目(答案均为C: (1Yesterday we visited a modern hospital,around_______some fruit shops. A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are (2The murder happened in an old building,beside______the city police station. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are (3Next month we’ll move to a new building,next to_______a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital around______I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B.which C.where D.what 【陷阱】容易误选B,认为around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是:句中的around不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤? 3._____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
高考英语专题定语从句知识点难题汇编及答案 一、选择题 1．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly. A．which B．where C．when D．there 2．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 3．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 4．Search engines search the Internet based on the key words you type in, and choose such web pages for you ________ contain the words you ask for. A．where B．who C．which D．as 5．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected A．whose B．that C．who D．which 6．They overcame some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, ________ was something we had not expected. A．that B．which C．it D．what 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 9．She brought with her three friends，none of ________ I had ever met before. A．them B．who C．whom D．these 10．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 11．In China, “mythical creatures” is used to describe troublesome schoolchildren ________ behaviors drive their parents crazy. A．whose B．when C．who D．of whom 12．Try to be a responsible school by not allowing anyone to attend class, ________ has had a fever. A．who B．which C．as D．that 13．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 14．I'm glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you,without______my experiment would have ended in failure.
高考英语定语从句知识点技巧及练习题 一、选择题 1．Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．which 2．Until now, we have raised 100,000 pounds for the poor children, ___________ is quite unexpected. A．that B．which C．who D．it 3．Though it is 30 years_______we last met, I still remember the scene_______we got separated on a rainy day. A．before; where B．before; which C．since; when D．since; where 4．Such a film ___________ was shown in the cinema yesterday is not suitable for children. A．as B．that C．which D．/ 5．We all have times of insecurity in life, _____ there is nothing to do but bravely face the feelings of doubt. A．which B．when C．where D．that 6．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around. A．what B．which C．that D．whose 7．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 8．Liberty, equality, and fraternity are the ideals _______ human beings have been fighting. A．to which B．against which C．with which D．for which 9．Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. A．neither of them B．both of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 10．All of us were so excited at the news ____we’ll go abroad for holidays ___we jumped with joy. A．that; that B．what; and then C．what; that D．which; so 11．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 12．The reason ________ he didn’t come to schoo l on time is ________ he had to take care of his sick brother at home. A．That; because B．that; that C．why; because D．why; that 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives while fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why 15．—Where was the experiment carried out? —It was in the lab built in the 30s_______Mr. Smith worked as an assistant professor A．that B．which C．where D．when 16．The commander got a chance to visit the mountain_____ top was covered with thick snow ,____ he had been dreaming of for years.