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上海八年级英语 上册 新世纪版知识点汇总

上海八年级英语 上册 新世纪版知识点汇总
上海八年级英语 上册 新世纪版知识点汇总

Unit One Modern Technology

Lesson One Computers

【词形变换】mouse---mice(复数)main --- mainly

electronic --- electrical --- electricity relax --- relaxed able --- enable

invent(发明V)---inventor(发明家)---invention(发明物)【重要短语】type in 输入,键入

ought(not)to = should(not)应该get/be familiar with 熟悉and so on 等等

What’s the use of…? ……的用途是什么?at the age of 在……岁时learn from…向……学习

be worried about = worry about 担心……allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事Would you please + V.原形?

stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事stop to do sth. 停下来做某事pay attention to(介词)注意agree with sb. 同意某人的意见

help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事spend…on sth. = spend…(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事keep in touch with 与……保持联系millions of 数百万的use…to do sth. 用…...做某事

all/different/many kinds of 各种各样的in brief 简言之

neither…nor…既不……, 也不……

be connected to 与……连接在一起

be able to 的用法:(可用于各种时态,而can不能)现在:am/is/are (not) able to 过去:was/were (not) able to 将来:will (not) be able to

Lesson Two Robots

【词形变换】

different(形)---difference(名)---differently (副)danger --- dangerous operate --- operation memory --- memorize industry --- industrial medicine --- medical

please---pleasure(名)---pleased(形人)---pleasant(形物)【重要短语】tidy up 整理,收拾make the bed 铺床

perform/do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术perform/do operations on sb. = operate on sb.

be different from与……不同be the same as与……相同know nothing about 对……一无所知with pleasure 高兴地,快乐地;乐意地

what else = what other things (else常放在不定代词和疑问词的后面)decide to do sth. 决定做某事practise doing sth. 练习做某事

not only…but also…不但……而且……not…any more/longer = no more/longer不再keep doing sth. 一直不停地做某事

be afraid of sth./doing sth. 害怕某物/做某事be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事with/without the help of 在……的帮助下/ 没有……的帮助

不定代词的用法:

something 常用于肯定句中,也可用于希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中anything 常用于否定句或疑问句中nothing 常用于否定句中(what)everything

上述不定代词都指物,不能和of连用,都是单数。

someone = somebody 常用于肯定句中anyone = anybody 常用于否定或疑问句中no one = nobody 常用于否定句中(who)everyone = everybody

上述不定代词都指人,不能和of连用,也都是单数。

none既可指人也可指物,既可用作单数也可用作复数,常和of连用。(how many)Lesson Three Household Appliances

【词形变换】clean --- cleaner apply --- appliance 【重要短语】move into/to 搬进/到be made in 在……制造

be made of 由……制成(可看出原材料)be made from由……制成(看不出原材料)

turn on/off 打开/ 关闭turn up/down 调高/ 调低finish doing sth. 结束做某事

What’s that button for? 那个按钮是干什么的? a piece of cake 容易的事情

enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun 玩得愉快by hand 手工;手动

It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人……时间in addition 此外;加之

enable sb. to do sth. 能使某人做某事at the same time 同时both…and………和……都way of life 生活方式语法:感叹句

How + adj./adv. + 主语+ 谓语! e.g. How interesting the book is! What + 名词短语+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. What an interesting book it is!

What + a/an + adj. + n.(单数名词)+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. What a lovely girl she is!

What + adj. + n.(复数名词或不可数名词)+ 主语+ 谓语! e.g. What bad weather it is! What beautiful flowers they are!

Unit Two Culture and Customs

Lesson One Visiting a British Family

【词形变换】culture --- cultural custom --- customer paint --- painting lo ve --- lover --- lovely

please --- pleased --- pleasant --- pleasure 【重要短语】try(it)on 试穿

shake hands with 和……握手

put up 张贴,举起put on 穿上put out 熄灭,扑灭

sitting room 起居室

be one’s first to do sth. 某人第一次做某事show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某地for the first time 第一次

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 a group of 一群

be busy doing sth. = be busy with sth. 忙于做某事in response to 作为对……的答复;作为对……的反应Chinese painting 国画English-speaking 说英语的learn to do sth. 学习做某事something to drink 一些喝的东西on a study trip 进行一次学习旅行

since引导的原因状语从句

(主句现在完成时,从句一般过去时) e.g.

The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.

Lesson Two Eating Out

【词形变换】start --- starter

wait --- waiter --- waitress sure --- surely noise --- noisy --- noisily

sure --- surely noise --- noisy --- noisily

hard --- hardly

【重要短语】eat out 吃完have been to 去过have gone to 去了return to…返回

invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事invite sb. to…邀请某人去

few(否) a few(肯)修饰可数名词复数little (否) a little(肯)修饰不可数名词by the way 顺便问一下need to do sth. 需要做某事ask for…寻求

What do you think of…? = How do you like…? 你觉得怎么样?be for 赞成be against 反对on weekdays 在工作日at weekends 在周末be fond of 喜欢

such as 例如,诸如……之类first of all = at first 首先in addition 此外what’s more 而且main course 主菜

take sb.’s order 记录某人点的菜go Dutch 各人付各人的帐service charge 服务费be true for 对……适用,符合于

so…that (中间接形容词或副词原级)----引导的结果状语从句

such…that (中间接名词短语)“如此……,以致……”

Unit Three Knowledge of Common Interest

Lesson One Idioms with Body Parts

【词形变换】

attention --- attentive --- attentively

mean --- meaning --- meaningful --- meaningless listen --- listener l

oud --- loudly --- aloud

【重要短语】

You’ve got a sweet tooth. 你喜欢吃甜食。I see eye to eye with you. 我与你的看法完全一致。He’s got a green thumb. 他园艺技能高超。He’s all ears. 他全神贯注地听。You’ve just hit the nail on the head. 你正好击中要害(一针见血)。You should stand on your own feet.(You should be independent.)He’s pulling your leg.(He’s kidding.)It will cost an arm and a leg.(It will cost a lot.)I’m all thumbs.(I’m clumsy.)

She’s got him under her thumb.(She controls him.)be good at 擅长= do well in

with the help of 在……的帮助下,借助于……teach sb. sth. 教某人某事(宾格)teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事teach oneself = learn…by heart 自学the way to…去……的路be quiet = keep quiet 保持安静on the other hand 另一方面

be careful = look out = take care 小心,当心never mind 没关系,不要紧

by heart 靠记忆

as soon as引导的时间状语从句(主句将来时,从句一般现在时) e.g.

He will give me a call as soon as he gets to Beijing.

Lesson Two Exhibitions and Museums

【词形变换】

exhibit --- exhibition price --- priceless enter --- entrance economy --- economic proud --- pride

produce --- product --- production 【重要短语】wait for sb. 等待某人

It is(has been)+ 一段时间+ since + 句子(一般过去时)“自从……以来,已经有……的时间了。”two more…= another two…再两个,又两个as well 也

not…until 直到……才at the entrance (to) 在入口处That’s fine with me. 行,没问题。

this coming Saturday 即将到来的这个星期六in the mid nineteenth century 在19世纪中叶in order to = so as to 为了……so that 以便,为了be the pride of …...的价格

be proud of = take pride in 以……为自豪,以……为骄傲since then 从那时起

open to the public 向公众开放

since引导的原因状语从句

(主句现在完成时,从句一般过去时) e.g.

The Wangs have lived in Shanghai since they moved there.

Lesson Three Wonders of the World

【词形变换】

wonder --- wonderful --- wonderfully

die---death(名)---dead(形)---dying(现在分词)

live ---alive活着的---lively生动的,逼真的---living(形)活的,有生命力的weigh---weight long---length wide---width high---hei ght strong---strength deep---depth wise---wisdom 【重要短语】

cover an area of 占地……thousands of 数千,成千上万be made up of 由……组成= consist of be made in 在……制造

be made of 由……制成(能看出原材料)be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)be made into 被制成……work on 从事

be friendly to 对……友好in height = high 高

in length = long 长

the same…as 同样的……(colour, size, age, height…) keep…alive 使……活着to this day 至今add to 增加,加到add up to 总计达

in fact = actually 事实上,实际上tour guide 导游

Unit Four Animals and Plants

Lesson One A Visit to an Agricultural Park

【词形变换】

amaze --- amazing --- amazed nature --- natural

chemistry --- chemical --- chemist 【重要短语】

be/come/get back from 从……回来hear of 听说,听到有关……的消息varieties of 各种的,种类繁多的all year round 全年,一年到头at noon/night/mid-night 在中午in this way 用这种方法be covered with 被……覆盖take photos of…拍……的照片set out 出发,动身

show sb. around sp. 带领某人参观某地instead of 代替,而不是

learn a lot 学到许多tell…from 区别;分辨learn…from 向……学习

疑问词+不定式(常放在动词的后面做宾语)what to do = how to do it where to go when to start who to talk to等

Lesson Two For or Against Keeping Pets

【词形变换】favour --- favourite friend --- friendly

add --- addition --- additional attack --- attacker recent --- recent ly

【重要短语】

argue about sth. 争论某事argue with sb. 与某人争论

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事keep pets 饲养宠物keep a pet be in favour of 赞成,赞同

keep sb. company 陪伴某人,与某人形影不离in one’s opinion 依某人看,

在某人看来feel lonely 感到孤独(alone单独,独自)

be in danger 处于危险中(in trouble,in need…等)be good/bad for 对……有益

some…,others…(one…, the other…)donate sth. to…把某物捐给……walk a dog 遛狗hurry to…匆忙去……in a hurry 匆忙地be friendly to 对……很友好in addition 此外,加之treat…as 把……看作,视为

in honour of 为纪念……;为了向……表示敬意

if/whether引导的宾语从句(要用陈述句语序)如果有or not时,只能用whether,不能用if that引导的宾语从句

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