高三英语阅读理解---主旨大意(查找、归纳法）解题
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高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求:
阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：(1）理解主旨要义;(２）理解文中具体信息;（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；(4)做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有:细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主旨大意题。阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题Fａcts（文章中客观存在的事实，客观题的
答案一般都可以在原文中找到,即文中的具体事实或者抽象概念。）和主观理解题（Opiｎｉoｎs）（这类问题不可能直接从原文中找到答案，需要通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深的理解,并据此进行判断和推理。)
今天主要处理的是主旨大意（归纳法）解题。
阅读策略：主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力,也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句,而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句,在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式:
Tｈe text is ｍainlｙaｂout___＿．
Tｈe main ideａ/Ｔhｅgｅｎeｒaｌiｄea/The maiｎpurpｏse is __＿___．
Whａｔｗｏuld bｅｔhe ｂest titlｅ/heaｄline for the text？
This artｉｃlｅmaiｎly tells abｏuｔtｈｅｓｔory of ＿___.
Ｗhａtｉs the ｔｏpic ｏｆthe tｅｘt?
Tｈe subｊect dｉｓcusseｄin thｉｓtexｔｉｓ＿＿__.
Ｗhaｔdoｅs tｈe ｓecond pａｒagｒａph dｉscuss?
The paｒagｒaph (pａｓsaｇe) deals with ＿_＿__．
Whaｔis mainlｙdiscussed in ｔhｅtexｔ?
主旨大意范例
1.Ｔoｄay the proｂlem of eｎvironment hasｂｅcoｍe ｍｏrｅａｎd more sｅｒｉoｕs.
Ｔhe wｏrld poｐuｌation is risiｎg, sｏquicｋlｙtｈａt ｔheｗorｌd has become ｔoｏcrowded.
We ａrｅｕsing up oｕｒnaｔuｒal resources ｔoo quｉckｌy and at ｔhe sａme ｔimｅ
ｗe are poｌｌuｔiｎg our envｉronmｅnt withｄangeｒousｃｈeｍicaｌs．
Ｔhｅmain ｉdea of ｔhe paraｇraｐh iｓ___＿＿＿__．
2．Wｈen you ａrｅｐoｏｒ,you ｃａｎaｌｓo saｙyoｕarｅveｒy haｐpy, beｃａｕsｅyｏu hａve ｓomeｔhｉnｇelｓｅtｈａｔcaｎ' ｔｂe boｕght with monｅy. When ｙoｕmｅet wiｔｈdiffiｃｕltｉes,you can ｓay loudｌy ｙou are very happｙ, becａｕse yｏu haｖｅmｏre chancｅsｔｏcｈａｌｌenｇe yoｕｒselｆ. Ｓo yoｕｓhouｌｄaｌwayｓｓａy you ａre happy.
The toｐic sentenｃe of ｔhe pａragrａph iｓ_________＿＿＿＿＿_＿
３.Somｅpｅoｐle likｅreadinｇ,and some pｅｏｐｌｅlikｅswiｍmｉng.I ｈave maｎy hｏｂbieｓ, such as reading, skating，and traｖeling.In ｆａct，difｆer ｅnt peoｐle hａvｅｄiｆferｅnt hobbｉｅｓ. My frｉeｎd Ａnｎｓtｕdies very ｈard．So hｅｒhobbｙis reaｄinｇaｌlｋinｄs oｆbooks. Toｎy loveｓwｏrking wiｔh her hands，aｎd hｉｓhobby is gａrdeｎiｎg.
Tｈe mａin idｅa of ｔhe paraｇraｐh is _____＿__.
4.Ｇoing greeｎseeｍｓtｏbe fad(时尚）for a ｌｏｔoｆｐeople tｈeseｄays. Whｅtｈeｒtｈat ｉｓgooｄor baｄ,we cａn’t reallｙsａｙ，ｂut ｆoｒthe t ｏw of us, goｉng green is not a fad ｂut a ｌiｆｅsｔyle.
On Ａprｉl２２, ２011, ｗｅdeciｄed ｔo go greeｎeveｒｙsiｎgｌe day ｆor an entire ｙｅａr．Thiｓｍeａnt doiｎg３65difｆerenｔgｒeen thinｇs, and it alsｏmeａnt challeｎｇiｎg ourselves ｔo ｇｏｇreen bｅｙond easy ｔhings．Ｒathｅr ｔhan recyclｅaｎd reduｃe our enｅrｇｙ,we hａd tｏｔhink oｆ365 ｄiffe ｒent green tｈｉｎgｓto do ａnd ｔhｉs ｗas no easy tasｋ.
Wｈat mighｔbe the best title for thｅpassａgｅ？
A.Gｏing Gｒeen.?
B.Prｏtecting the Plａｎet.
Ｃ．Keeping Open－Miｎdｅd D．Ｃｅlｅｂraｔｉng Ｏｕr ＧrｅenＹｅａr.
5. 自己需要归纳总结类的主旨类阅读理解
Evｅryone’s at it,even mｙneiｇhboｒs. ＩtｈoughｔI might be ｔｈe oｎl ｙpersｏn leｆt iｎｔhe world who hadn’t dｏｎe an eBａｙdeaｌ. Ｓｏ, I decid ｅｄto trｙｍy hand at onliｎe auｃｔioｎ(网上拍卖).
Ｂｕying fｏr ｂｅｇinners: Sign up on www．ehａy. cｏ．uk. Most itemｓ（ｅ．g．ｔａｂｌes, computerｓ, ａnd bｏoks) reaｄy foｒaｕｃtｉoｎwilｌcome ｗith a ｐictuｒｅand a shoｒｔdeｓcrｉptｉon; ｏtherｓmａｙbe mａrked wｉth “Bｕy IｔＮow” aｎd have a fixeｄpｒice．You can bｕyｔhese rｉgｈｔ
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
话题七:生态环保类 (一 The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺 seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages. Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配 are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷 are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements. This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉 . In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed. Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry. 1. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________.
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience. Open Table app Open Table app helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points when they make reservations(预定), which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app Wine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and suggests wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free. HappyCow app Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world. LocalEats app Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs about a dollar. Where Chefs Eat app "Where Chefs Eat" is a 975-pagc book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app. （1）What do the first two apps have in common? A. They are both free of charge. B. Discounts are provided on both. C. Best wines can be reserved on both. D. They tell you where to have the best food.（2）Who is HappyCow app probably designed for? A. Friends drinking wines together. B. Chefs enjoying meat very much. C. People who want to go on a diet. D. Those often eating in a restaurant. （3）Where can we most likely see the text? A. On a tourism guide. B. In a cellphone application introduction. C. In a students' textbook. D. On a scientific discovery TV program. 【答案】（1）A （2）C （3）B
（英语）高三英语阅读理解解析版汇编 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president. American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults. As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively. As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so. Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it. （1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to . A. the social skills than Chinese parents B. their children's studying hard and well C. what their children want but they can't D. extra activities than schoolwork （2）According to the passage, Chinese parents . A. know more than American parents to educate their children B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities （3）From the passage, we can infer . A. American children are brave and adventurous B. American children are more active in their studies C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China （4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform? A. Neutral. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Negative. 【答案】（1）A
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 A To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island —quite a few "No's". There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells in the entire land —an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people. There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and no daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July. The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser(间歇泉and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power. Iceland has been described as a democratic independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C
I watched from a distance as the homeless man quarreled with those who did not leave money for him – the majority. I walked up to him and right on queue he asked me for a quarter. ―I’ll give you a quarter if you tell me your story.‖ He laughed, ―You’ll give me a quarter for my story?‖ I lay the quarter in front of him and corrected myself –―Nah, here’s the quarter but it would be nice to hear your story.‖ I followed his eyes to the quarter and for a brief moment I saw a glimmer of reflection. I sat down next to him and waited. ―I was in the army,‖ he said. ―I was a sniper(狙击手)and was supposed to shoot down the enemy from the distance.‖ I listened carefully to his grizzly voice as he went deeper into the story. He wore dirty old torn clothes and smelled like a dead rat left in a mouse trap. He told me how he used to hunt with his family and was really good at it. He had his own way of respecting animals by not wasting what he killed for food and not killing more than he needed. When the army came knocking on his door, he felt pride and joined up. All those years of polishing his hunting skills could now serve a larger purpose—to defend us from the bad guys. He set out to fight in Iraq. It wasn’t long before he realized his ideals and expectations were just a shadow of the truth. He became disillusioned with the killings, which he felt were of innocent people. ―I was a sniper but I never really killed anyone,‖ he said. ―One day I had to do it. They asked me to shoot this lady from the distance. I saw kids near that lady and my hands were on the trigger (扳机). Man, I was tearing up ... I couldn’t do it. She wasn’t doing anything to anyone and she was with the kids—I couldn’t see through my tears. It just didn’t make any sense to me.‖ The story goes on as he describes eventually being put into prison for 180 days for refusing to follow orders. He told me how he was black listed so that he couldn’t get a job. All the rights we take for granted were taken away from him. Why? Here was a man who was being punished—and for what? For refusing to kill the lady? For being a hero? ―I have no regrets,‖ the homeless man said. ―I may be homeless now, but I never killed that lady. I never killed anyone in the army. It didn’t feel right. I didn’t go there to do that. I went there to save people.‖ He continued, ―I can live with being homeless—that’s okay. But I wouldn’t be able to live with killing innocent people.‖ On that lonely Friday night, I met a hero. It just never occurred to me that a hero could be a smelly old man left on streets. 1. It can be learned from the passage that the homeless man_______. （） A. never killed animals B. had a strong respect for life C. deserved the punishment he received D. felt guilty about disobeying the order