高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧
Step1主旨大意题的命题形式
主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某
一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有：
1.常见的主题型题干：(包括文章大意和段落大意)（main idea, topic, subject, theme, ）
⑴ the main ideas of this passage is that _______________.(填空式)
⑵ the passage is mainly about _________________.
⑶ the last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ________________.
⑷ which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the article?(问题式)
⑸ what is the topic/subject of the article?
(6) Which proverb best matches the story?(文意与成语匹配类)
2. 常见标题型题干：（title, headline）
⑴ the best title/headline for this passage might be _________________.
⑵ which of the following is the best title for the passage?
3. 常见目的型题干：(purpose)
⑴ the author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ______________.
⑵the passage is meant to _________________. ⑶the purpose of this article is ________________.
[正确选项特征]
①涵盖性强，覆盖全文。②确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
③精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
[干扰选项特征]
①覆盖面太大、太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围。
②覆盖面偏窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点；仅为短文的某一要点甚
至某一细节。
③与短文有部分交集，但偏离文章主题，有重叠但不重合。
Step2 解题步骤
第一步:识别文体,找主题句
新闻报道----导语提携全文
议论文----总--分--总（论点－论据－结论）
说明文---主题句（首--中---尾）
记叙文----记叙文六要素
寻找主题句的方法
1.认真阅读文章的第一段或每段的第一个句子。
2.文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题
词。
(一) 记叙文: 文中一般没有明显的题句
夹叙夹议文: 主题句常在议论中（Given all these points above , I would support the idea that…
For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer…）
说明文: 一般在首段，尾段或第二段的转折处。
议论文: 一般为总分总模式, 即主题句（作者的观点）常在首段或末段（作者观点的重申）。当然，由于写作需要，主题句偶尔也可在一段文章中间。标志性句子如：I agree with the opinion that…
(二) 文中出现的连词（转折but/ however，因果so/ therefore，或一些常见但在文章中间出
）, 这些词后面所阐述现有一定目的的词（in fact, the study shows that…, for example, in short
的往往就是主题句。
(三)有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要读者对每段文章的段意进行
归纳，在段落大意的基础上再进一步加工概括了。
(四)首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨.
(五)关注高频词(常为名词)
第二步: 推敲选项, 排除干扰
推敲选项正误的5个小窍门:
⑴根据第一步寻找主题句,找出关键词,与四个选项进行匹配,选出最合适恰当的答案
⑵正确选项常含有概括性的词语
⑶正确选项一般不含绝对意义的词
⑷正确选项应能概括全文,内容全面,含义深刻或说明道理
⑸四个选项中,内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案
干扰项的特点:
⑴概括范围太窄,常为文中具体信息或某个段落大意
⑵概括范围太宽,所表达内容常超出文章阐述的内容
⑶无关信息:即文中未提到或找不到语言依据的信息,但看起来又是对的.
标题的特点: 简练, 全面, 范围合理, 常为名词.
忌: 范围太大, 过于笼统；范围太小(常用文中细节或某段段落大意来混淆).
Step3三大类主旨大意题的解题方法
类型1.段落大意---瞻首顾尾，定位中心句
考法角度：段落大意是指一篇文章各个段落的主要意思，是对一个段落基本内容的初步的概括。，各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句，但是有时也可能没有主题句，这就需要大家
进行归纳了。概括段落大意时，还要注意段落大意是否与全篇相符。
【典例精析】阅读片段1--2013年北京卷Passage C Para 3
The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain (抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.
64. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Great heroes of the past were generally admired.
B. The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.
C. Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.
D. Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.
类型2.文章大意--主题句定位
在做此类试题的时候要浏览首段、尾段或每段的首句和尾句，综合断定全文大意。
【典例精析】阅读片段 3 How can we measure intelligence? Experts are not completely certain about the answer to this question. However, in solving some problems, monkeys are better than other animals and this is agreed to be a sign of their high intelligence.
In one experiment, the animals had to reach the food at the other side of a fence(栅栏)by walking round. Monkeys quickly saw the solution. Dogs were not so certain, while hens simply rushed at the fence, trying to reach the food directly. In the second step of the experiment, the animal could not walk round, but there was a rope connected to the food. Monkeys pulled the rope and the dogs didn’t know what to do though they could easily pull the rope with their teeth.
*** The main idea of the passage is that_____.
gence
A. monkeys are cleverer than other animals
B. it’s difficult to measure intelli
C. experts are trying to find a way to measure intelligence
D. monkeys, dogs and hens are good animals
类型3.标题归纳--精准全新
好标题的特点：
1）精---用精炼的语言概括文章的中心思想。
2)准---要注意文章的内涵和外延，把作者的观点准确表达出来。
3)全--要排除片面的观点选取包含文章主要内容及作者观点的选项
4）新--要新颖，激发读者的阅读兴趣
【典例精析】阅读片段4--2014年湖北卷Passage B
London’s newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard
has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.
58. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps
B. The Shard: Work of a Great Architect
C. The Shard: New Symbol of London?
D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?
Step4如何寻找主题句
Sample 1
People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast--foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.
（1）主题句在段首
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
Sample 2
Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.
（ 2 ）主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。
Sample 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper
also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
（3）在短文中间
当主题句被安排在段中间时, 通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎
逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展.
Sample 4 （无主题句）
Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.
What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.
B. Bingham is a diligent student.
C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.
D. A good lawyer needs good education.
Sample 5
sleeping habits finds that insufficient daily The study on the impact of light on teenagers’
morning light exposure contributes to teenagers not getting enough sleep. ………
50. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Lack of Morning Light Keeping Teenagers up at Night
B. Light Therapy Can Reduce Health Risks of Teenagers.
C. Measures Impact of Reduced Morning Light Exposure.
D. Students Wears Special Glasses to Guarantee Sleep.
Sample 6
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this
life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family
or friends about our good fortune.
On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful
and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might
never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen.
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. How to Live Truthfully
B. Importance of Peacefulness
C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D. Happiness through Honorable Actions
Sample 7
A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway
system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels
are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the
traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide,
providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.
In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and
cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically
at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic
conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements,
which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining.
Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface
of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below
the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the
fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals
along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road
surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.
75. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. the construction of a road
B. the design of a road
C. the construction of two tunnels
D. the design of two tunnels
在做主旨题时，我们要注意以下几点：
第一，注意段首，段尾。
一般来说，文章的第一段首句或末段尾句往往是文章中心思想的体现处,有时段首或段尾的
话就是该文章的中心思想。
第二，特别关注结论性或者转折性的语言。这些表达方式有：therefore, as a result, thus, so, for
example, in fact, moreover, furthermore, what’s more, most important of all, but, however, rather, yet等等。
在做主旨题时，我们要注意以下几点：
第三，在选择正确答案的过程中，尽量要避免选择过于绝对的选项。例如：选项中包含有
all, completely, only, almost, absolutely, definitely等。通常正确的答案有一定的概括性和结论
性，过于细节的选项往往不是正确答案，而过于笼统的选项则往往缺乏准确性，或者过于片
面，需要我们在选择时注意。
第四,标题须简练,涵盖主要内容,忌其确定的范围太大或太小,设题伎俩常为用文中细节,或
段落大意来混淆视听.
高考真题训练
Passage 1 2010 辽宁 C
learn and even reduce their chances of Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to
getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television
on children.
One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in
their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children
without bedrooms TVs.
……..
67. What would be the best title for this text?
A. Computers or Television
B. Effects of Television on Children
C. Studies on TV and College Education
D. Television and Children’s Learning Habits
Passage 2 2010浙江 C
he term “multitasking” originally referred to people’s ability to carry out several tasks one time. For many people ,multitasking has become a way of life and even a key to success .In fact, some
excellent mental acrobic exercises(大量训练)involve engaging the brain in two or more
challenging activities at a time. Although checking email while taking on a phone and reading the
newspaper may be second nature for some people ,many times multitasking can make us less
productive , rather than more ,But studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased
anxiety and memory loss.
…………
52. What is the main idea oh the passage?
A. Multitasking has become a way of life.
B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.
C. Multitasking describes need to be improved.
D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.
Passage 3 2010湖南 C
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing
facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀
的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas
Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
………..
70. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding
Passage 4 (10·福建B篇)
Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential
medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next
big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV
revolution is changing lives for the better.
Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number
had climbed above 60%. ……
Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, ……
Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is
having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.
63.What would be the best title for the passage?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/545602817.html, Will Rule the World
https://www.doczj.com/doc/545602817.html, Will Disturb the World
https://www.doczj.com/doc/545602817.html, Will Better the World
https://www.doczj.com/doc/545602817.html, Will Remain in World
Passage 5 2010 重庆A篇
One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where
everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty
chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a
worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him.
He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast. We cautiously began a conversation
and spoke about a wide rang of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he
might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the
counter and buy a second cup of coffee,
I asked, “My I get you something ?”“A coffee would be nice.” Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well,
and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked, “How did you get to kn “The m an you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of
Mr. Galbreath?”
“Who?”
Churchill Dow ns.” I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling
pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men.
My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with
respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and
sincerity.
59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?
We should learn to be generous.
B. It is honorable to help those in need.
C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.
D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.
Passage 6 2010全国卷 1 C
Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it
can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws（爪）on
its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river, an important feature
（特征）for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and
cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright
red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common bires, cuckoos. Its most striking
feature, though is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing
tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak(喙)，they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive bires must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to
fly, they lost their claws.
The drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups, but
in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two seven
birds for producing purposes.
63.What is the test mainly about?
A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.
B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins. Passage 7 2010安徽 E
supply of The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world’ｓ
water. With 97% of the world’s water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water
shortage（短缺）seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainful country, many
of the world’s agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.
Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the
costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high.
Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to
be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife
homes destroyed. Besides, water many flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.
This is particularly troubling the countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation（灌溉）. In Texas, farmers’ overuse of irrigation water be resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of south eastern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry village, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.
………．
75.The text is mainly about .
A. water supply and increasing population
B. water use management and agriculture
C. water redistribution and wildlife protection
D. water shortages and environmental protection.
（英语）英语阅读理解练习题20篇及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon. The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly. It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed, he adds. Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors ( 交叠式旋翼 )to power the vehicle. The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams. In New Zealand, the Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour. Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack “is built around safety from the start. In his words, reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.” The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute (降落伞) that can be used should there be an emergency. “It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot,” he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon. （1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike . A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly B. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to 1,000 meters high C. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams D. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed （2）The writer uses the example of For One racing car to show that . A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliable B. the engine of the Jetpack is powerful C. the actual structure of the Jetpack is unique D. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height （3）The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer s to. A. the jet stream B. the engine C. the Jetpack D. the parachute （4）What is the authors main purpose of writing the passage? A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles. B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles. C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles. D. To advertise the two personal
中考英语阅读主旨大意题解题技巧 命题形式主要有： 常见的主旨大意题的考查形式： The text is mainly about ____. The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is ______. What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last/xx paragraph? What would be the best title /headline for the text? This article mainly tells about the story of ____. What is the topic of the text? The subject discussed in this text is ____. What does the second paragraph discuss? The paragraph (passage) deals with _____. What is mainly discussed in the text? 解题技巧。 1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。 2.再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。 3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。 4、这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做 一、文章或者某段落的主旨大意——主题句定位法：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小 段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。 主题呈现的方式： 1．开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. 题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？ https://www.doczj.com/doc/545602817.html,petition helps to set up self-respect. B.Opinions about competition are different among people. https://www.doczj.com/doc/545602817.html,petition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experience in competition. 2．藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾 On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, we can go to school on the net, r ead a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life. 题目：What’s the main idea of the passage？ A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet. 3．首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行
高考英语阅读:主旨大意题的解题技巧 一、主旨大意题的命题形式 主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有： (1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______. (2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______. (3)The text is mainly about ______. (4)The passage mainly centers on ______. (5)The passage mainly tells about ______. (6)What is the subject discussed in the text? (7)What is the main idea of this passage? (8)What is the passage mainly about? (9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? (10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage? (13)What would be the best title for the text? (14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage? (15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______ (16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______. (17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______. (18)What is the author's main purpose? (19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage? (20)The writer wrote the story in order to______. (21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article? 二、寻找主题句的方法 正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说，一篇文章常常会围绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开，而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文章意思的句子，即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么，主题句通常在哪里呢？(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。 1. 主题句在文首 这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。如：(全国高考题) A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students —18 boys and 2 girls —had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.
小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇，适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
海淀区2015高考英语阅读理解训练（15）（答案） 【2015高考复习】阅读理解 What is the most popular food in western countries? If you are not sure, statistics might give you the answer. Every year，some 20 million people walk into restaurants and buy 2 billion sandwiches. Americans alone eat more than 1 billion sandwiches annually. If you lined up all the sandwiches Westerners eat in a year, they would go around the world 13 times! When John Montagu made the very first sandwich in England in 1762, he couldn't have imagined that it would still be very popular almost 250 years later. There is a campaign starting this month in the US to find the healthiest and best tasting sandwich in the country. Sandwiches are commonly carried to school or work in lunch boxes or brown paper bags to be eaten for lunch. They are also taken on picnics and hiking trips. Their long-lasting popularity lies in their convenience and fast preparation time. You can put everything you want inside a sandwich. They are easy to clean up after, nutritious and come in hundreds of different kinds. Well-known American chef Dave Lieberman adds another reason.“I think people like to touch their food, kids especially. It's just a natural instinct. You don't have to use a knife and fork to eat a sandwich，” he said. Sandwiches can be hot or cold with almost any kind of filling. One of the most popular kinds is the BLT—bacon，lettuce and tomato. Although it is a simple food, it can still be creative. Sandwiches can be served open-faced, with sushi inside or grilled with delicious fillings. 【语篇解读】西方国家最普遍的食物是什么？当约翰在英格兰做出第一份三明治时，他不会想到在几乎250年后的今天三明治仍然大受欢迎。三明治里面的馅各种各样，冷热均可食用。虽然三明治做法简单，但仍然具有创新性。三明治可以做成露馅的单片吃，可以在里面放入寿司，还可以加入美味馅烤着吃。 36．The author intends to________. A．tell us the histor y of sandwich-making B．introduce a popular food in the West C．show how sandwiches are made D．explain why westerners like sandwiches 答案 B [主旨归纳题。根据文章第一句话“What is the most popular food in western
2016年高考英语阅读理解指导三——主旨大意题 Don’t give up your whole garden just for an attractive rose. 一、主旨大意题型特点： 主旨大意题要求在理解全文后________________，____________或者是_________，考查考生的归纳总结能力。这类题需要______________，抓住文章的______和_____，同时兼顾________以及文章出现的________。此类试题通常以概括中心、揭示主题、选择标题等形式出现。 查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中__________________的信息，这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的______。做主旨大意题时，应采用_______的方式，跳过生僻词，抓住________和_______，快而准地把握文章主旨。 【例1】Choose the most general word. A. Chemist B. Physicist C. Scientist D. Biologist 【例2】Choose the most general sentence. A. The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. B. There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn. C. The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board. D. There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting. 【例3】Choose the title that best expresses the idea of the paragraph. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices 二、主旨大意题题干形式： 1. ________________________ (main idea): (1) The main idea of the passage is… (2) The passage is mainly about… (3) The passage is mainly discussed… (4) Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? (5) What is the passage mainly about? 2. _________________________ (title): (6) The best title for the passage might be… (7) Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? 三、主题句的特点： 1. 主题句与文体体裁之间的关系：议论文和说明文一般有主题句，且一般位于______； 而记叙文一般没有主题句； 2. 段落主题句一般位于_____________； 3. 主题句所表达的意思具有_______和________；句子________单, 一般不会采用长句 或结构复杂的句子； 4. 文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步________________________。
高考英语阅读理解专题训练主旨大意篇 （一） Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight, while the French, who consume（消耗）rich food, continue to stay thin? Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to（往往，倾向于）stop eating when they feel full. However, Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating as an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table, while Americans see eating as something to be squeezed（挤出）between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and frozen foods for the week. The French, instead, tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get Fat, decided to write about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid food. Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym. In spite of（尽管）all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity —or extreme overweight —among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains acceptance and the young reject（拒绝）older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17% — and is growing. （1）In what way are the French different from Americans according to Dr. Joseph Mercola? A. They go shopping at supermarkets more frequently. B. They squeeze eating between the other daily activities. C. They regard eating as a key part of their lifestyles. D. They usually eat too much canned and frozen food. （2）This text is mainly the relationship between _________. A. Americans and the French B. life style and obesity
2017届全国高考英语阅读理解汇编（1）英语试卷SYS201708100601 一、阅读理解 详细信息 1. 难度：中等 阅读理解。 Many of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonable thought，and sometimes land us in trouble. But in recent years psychologists have taken quite a different view. Keith Oatley，Professor of Psychology at Glasgow University，is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions. He believes we are very ambivalent about them：we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human.For example，Mr Spock，a character in the television series Star Trek，is superintelligent and he has no emotions at all.However，he is never made captain of the spaceship.Maybe，this is because Mr Spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings with—a person who shows his emotions. As Professor Oatley points out，our emotions have very important functions，for example，fear.If we cross the road and a car approaches，we usually stop moving or step back.We stop what we are doing，check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment.The emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which，on average，help preserve our safety. On the other hand，if things are going well and small problems come up，we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand.As a consequence，we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job. Anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing us from doing something.Then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person，or to try harder，and so on. Professor Oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions.With fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start doing something else，while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing. 1.What’s Keith Oatley’s opinion about emotions? A．They affect reasonable thought. B．They get us into trouble. C．They are helpful to us. D．They are reasonable. 2.What does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them”in Paragraph 2 mean? A．We have contradictory feelings towards emotions. B．We have similar ideas of emotions.
2011届英语阅读理解专练 主旨大意题 A.设题方式 ①.考查文章的中心思想 The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____. The passage is mainly about __. From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage ②.考查文章标题的选择 The best title/headline for this passage is_________. Which of the following is the best title What would be the best title for the text The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________. ③.考查作者的写作态度和意图 What is the author’s main purpose in this passage The writer’s purpose in writing this story is____. In the passage the author wants to tell___. The writer’s attitude toward ... is___. B.干扰项特点 ①. 以偏概全。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。 ②. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。 ③. 主题扩大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。 ④. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。 ⑤. 无中生有或似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。 C.解题指导 1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。 主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况: 1）主题句在开头?主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义?点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨?而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证
英语阅读理解专题指导－主旨大意题 主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采用快速阅读法浏览全文，阅读时要注意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般情况下阅读时应特别留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。常见的命题方式： What is the main idea of this passage? What dose this passage mainly concern? The main theme of this passage is_____________ The main point of the passage is___________ Which of the following is the best title for the passage? The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is______ The purpose of the writer writing this passage is_____ Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole? 文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种情况： 1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采用了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3. 主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种情况下，读者要把所有已知的细节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。 【典例1】 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take。 Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(电网). Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed。 …… Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year。 Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘车上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg—assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas. This passage is mainly about ________。 A. energy-saving tips B. fuel-saving tips C. do-it-yourself tips D. environment-protecting tips 【解析】本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一开始就点明了主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何save energy展开，而save fuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应