现在分词（Present Participle)(又称-ing形式，动名词) ，是非谓语动词的一种。分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，可以作定语，表语，补语，状语，同时它们还具有动词的性质特点。
一般式：doing；一般被动式：being done；完成式：having done；完成被动式：having been done。所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not.
一现在分词作定语
1单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前，分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系,并且是正在进行的动作。并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
1) a_______boy 一个在奔跑的男孩= a boy who ___________
2) the girl_____________站在那边的女孩=a girl who___________ over there
3）the library ___________正在修建的图书馆=the library which ________ 注意1：分词的完成式不可作定语
注意3：某些现在分词作定语时具有形容词词性如interesting story，an exciting match。
二现在分词作补语: 宾语跟现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。下列动词可以加现在分词作宾补（强调动作正在进行的情景）：1感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe listen to look at
2使役动词：have get, leave keep
3发现类动词：find sb doing; catch sb. doing sth
1). I saw him ____________ when I found him now.(在打篮球)
2) Don't have the machine ______________________.(一直运转).
3) The boy left his dog ____________(在外面叫不停)。
区别：感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式作宾补，强调动作发生的全过程。
1) The mother watch his son ________________( 过了马路)。
2) We heard him ___________________(唱了一首英文歌)at the party.
三现在分词作表语，放在系动词的后面，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态。
1) The news sounds____________. 这故事听起来鼓舞人心
2) It is ________ that the meeting will last long. 会议要开很久，真是无聊。
四现在分词作状语---表示时间、原因、伴随、条件、方式、让步等。注意分词作状语时的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。（即句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，主语不一致通常用从句）
1作时间状语；有时候为了保留清楚的意思，可以在分词前面加上when/while
1)_________in the street, I came across one of my old friends.当我在街上走时，碰到了一个老朋友。
=When/While __________in the street, I saw him.
2) 他走在街上时，我看到了他。(注意：两个主语不一致)
____________________________..
2 作条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功
=________hard and you will succeed. =If _________hard, you will succeed.
3作原因状语
1)__________, she didn’t go to school. 因为生病，她没上学.
=As ____________ ill, she didn’t go to school.
2)_____________(不知道)how to deal with the problem, she went to ask her father for advice.
=Because _____________ how to deal with the problem, she went to ask her father for advice.
3)____________(生活了)in the village for many years, the man doesn’t want to move into the city.
4作让步状语
1）_______ many times, he didn't lost heart.虽然失败过很多次，但他没有灰心。
=Though _______ many times, he didn't lost heart.
2）___________(已经等他) for a long time, I still stayed patient..
=Though __________________for a long time, I still stayed patient.
5作结果状语
His father died, _____________(结果留给他)a lot of money.
I left in such a hurry, _________________(结果忘了锁) the door.
（注：动词不定式作结果状语通常表示一种出乎意料的结果，常在不定式前加only强调惊讶或失望；而ing形式作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系）
We took a taxi to the airport, only _______ the flight was cancelled because of the storm.(结果得知)-
I rushed to the office, only _______it’s locked.(结果发现)
6作伴随方式状语
Please answer the question _________ another way.. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题
The old man began to beat time, ________(轻踏)his foot on the dirt floor.
The boy sat there, ______________(玩弄) his cell phone.
The woman stood under the tree, __________(等着) her son to come back.
五下列结构常用现在分词。
generally speaking一般来说Judging from/by 根据..判断，considering…考虑到，鉴于
1 _______________(一般而言), boys are better at playing football.
2 ____________________(根据他的口音判断)，he is American.
动名词的用法
动词的ing形式还包括动名词，其构成形式完全同现在分词，但更多的是具备名词的特点,表示一件事情，也可以表示已有的经验和抽象行为；或经常发生的习惯动作。
主动式：doing 被动式being done（与逻辑主语之间是被动关系）完成式having done 一动名词作主语：动名词经常用作主语，表示一种抽象的行为或习惯经验等。
1 ____________(吃太多冰激凌) will make you fat.
2 _____________(酒后驾驶) is very dangerous.
二动名词作定语, 表示被修饰词的用途.
例如：a swimming pool, a waiting room,
1）写字桌_______________2)酒杯______________3) 阅览室_____________
三动名词作表语，主要是解释说明主语的内容。
1. Her hobby is _______________(集邮)
2. My job is ________________(照顾)these patients.
四动名词作宾语---通常介词后面都要接动名词做宾语；英语中还有些动词只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有：enjoy，finish, mind，appreciate, admit, allow, advise, avoid, escape，excuse，imagine, suggest,stand(忍受) practise, risk, deny, consider(考虑)…
Doctors often suggest ______________(多喝水)
The boy entered the classroom without________________.(趁没人注意).
Can you imagine __________________( 被嘲笑) in public?
No one can escape _____________(受惩罚) if he breaks the rule.
【语法专练】
1 How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?(take)
2. The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river. (play)
3．Proteins are very important for _____(build) our bodies.
4.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
5. There is a river ______ around our school. ( run)
6. All the students couldn’t help _____(laugh)when I told them the j oke.
7. He still remembers ___________ to Shanghai when he was a child. (.take)
8. When we arrived at the railway station, only ______ the train had left.(find)
9. With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way to the
zoo.(lead ;find)
10.______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in the town
and______ from the top of the mountain, the town looks more beautiful. (See)
11. I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (sail)
12. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ______ against
your face. (move )
13.As is known to all, China is a _________(develop) country now but it will be an
______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time. (advance)
14. While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ___________ into buying something
they don’t really need. (persuade)
15. There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light. ( follow )
16. Please excuse my ______ in without ______ . ( come; permit )
17.______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting
______ then. (hold )
18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes, and I heard this song ______ in English. (sing;)
19. It is no use ______ your past mistakes. ( regret)
20. I would appreciate ______ back this afternoon. (you call).
短文填空：根据句意和所给单词的正确形式填空。
Today I still remember the day 1_____I got the job in a big company. You can’t imagine the situation 2_____ I was 3______(excite). The boss showed me 4_____the office building. All the employees were busy 5 _________(work) on the computer. I forgot 6 _______(say) hello to them because I was too nervous. I visited the meeting room, 7______(follow)the boss. There were two Frenchmen in it, 8_______(prepare) for an interview. I tried to greet them 9____ English but I couldn’t make myself
10________(understand) by them. The boss asked me 11____(turn) off the lights when I left the building 12____ work. 13________(know) the importance of 14_____(0bey) the rules, I tried to keep it in mind. I didn’t want to risk 15________(fire) on my first day.
16_______, I remember 17______(lock) the door before I 18______(leave) the office, but forgot to turn off all the lights. How I regretted 19______(make) the stupid mistake!
The next morning I arrived at the office 20_____(early) than required, only 21
_____(find) the lights had been turned off. I stood in the middle of the room
22_______(confuse). Just then an old man appeared at the door. He told me that it was
23____(him) who did it and that 25_______(keep) the rules in mind was very important.25______(realize)my own fault, I had to apologize to him and promised never
to do that again.
14.突破语法知识—非谓语动词之现在分词 一、动词-ing形式概述 动词-ing形式包括现在分词（the present participle）和动名词，是三种非谓语动词之一。 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 动词-ing形式的功能 动词-ing的形式： 1.He hurried home,looking behind as he went. 2.Having finished their work,they had a rest. 3.The large building being built is a library. 4.Having been shown the lab,we were taken to see the library. 二、现在分词的两个基本特点 1、在时间上表示动作正在进行
There are many sleeping students in class. 2、在语态上表示主动 Feeling the lesson is boring,the students are sleepy. 三、现在分词的构成 1、一般动词，变化：加+ing，例子：wash——washing，read——reading 2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，变化：去掉e，再加+ing，例如：make——making write——writing use——using 3、以重读闭音节结尾的动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母，变化：双写最后的辅音字母，再加+ing，例如：run——running，swim——swimming，put——putting 4、以ie结尾的动词，变化：改ie为y，再加+ing，例如：lie——lying,die——dying，tie——tying 5、以c结尾的动词，变化：变c为ck，再加+ing，例子：picnic→picnicking，traffic→trafficking（例外：arc 作弧形运动，arcing） 6、以l结尾的动词，变化：如果动词原形以非重读音节结尾，则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。 tavel→travelling/traveling(U.S.) 7、以x、w、y结尾的动词，直接加ing。例如： 原词：fix+ing→fixing（修理） 原词：follow+ing→follow（跟随） 原词：employ+ing→employing（雇用） 8、例外（双写辅音字母和直接加ing），单音节单词中有两个元音的动词无需双写n。 原词：iron+ing→ironing（熨烫） 9、以元音字母加e结尾，或以e结尾，且e发音的动词（ee,oe,ye），直接加ing。例如： 原词：be+ing→being（做） 原词：see+ing→seeing（看见）
高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
高中英语语法之动名词 一、含义 动名词兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词形式。基本形式为v-ing, 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 动名词有时态和语态的变化。 动名词的时态和语态的基本形式：（以write为例） 注意：动名词的否定形式是：not writing 二、动名词的基本用法 １．用作主语---常表抽象，或者泛指习惯性的动作。 Smoking is bad for your health. Playing with fire is dangerous. Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 注意： ①不定式也可以做主语。不定式与动名词作主语的区别： 不定式作主语时经常表示具体的、 ．．．动作，而动名词 ．．．．一次性 作主语时经常表示抽象动作或习惯性动作。
Getting up early is a good habit. To get up early this morning made me sleepy. ②动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。 It is no use/ good doing...(做。。。没有用); It is fun doing... (做。。。很有趣); It is a waste of time doing... (做。。。是浪费时间) 等句型中。 例如：It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收） It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 说服这样一个人加入我们当中来是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 ①作某些及物动词的宾语 常见的动词有：advise，avoid，delay，escape，excuse，enjoy，consider，finish，deny，fancy，keep，mind（在乎）postpone，pardon，practise，suggest，imagine等。 need，want，require后接动名词，表示被动意义。 如：Would you mind opening the door？请你把门打开好吗？ Fancy meeting you here. 真想不到在这里遇见你。 ②作介词的宾语 He left without saying good-bye to us. 他没有和我们道别就离开了。 On arriving at the airport，I saw my mother standing in the
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house，_______ （follow）by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3
英语现在分词 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020
现在分词的构成方法 (1)一般情况下，在动词后加-ing构成：work--working,sleep--sleeping,wait--waiting等。 (2)在不发音的-e结尾动词去掉e后再加-ing：smile--smiling,move-movingtake-takingmake--making等。 (3)以重读闭音节或r音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing：sit--sitting,plan--planning,refer--referring,occur—occurring,begin—beginning,beg—begging,cut—cutting,get—getting,hit—hitting,let— letting,swim-swimming,permit-permittingstop-stopping,drop-dropping,dig-digging,win-winning,run-running,put-putting,admit-admitting，shop--shopping,fit--fitting,forget--forgetting,spit--spitting (4)以字母ie结尾的动词，通常将ie改为y，再加ing：die--dying,lie--lying,tie--tying等。 (5)以字母l结尾动词，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则必须双写l再加ing，如 control--controlling，但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，如:travel—traveling/travelling。 cut--cutting切put--putting放swim--swimming游泳begin--beginning开始get--getting得到，获得forget--forgetting忘记hit--hitting打，击，撞spit-- spitting吐痰run--running跑sit--sitting坐babysit--babysitting临时照看婴儿split--splitting分裂shut--shutting关闭win--winning赢shop--shopping购物stop--stopping停止drop--dropping落下dip--dipping浸dig--digging挖plan--planning计划prefer--preferring更喜欢refer--referring查阅，参考let--letting 让trip--tripping绊倒step--stepping踩，踏rob--robbing抢劫set--setting设置nod--nodding点头fit--fitting合适regret--regretting后悔rot--rotting腐烂spot--spotting玷污slip--slipping滑倒wrap--wrapping包装 vs.及物动词Vi.不及物动词N.名词adv.副词Adj.形容词prep.介词Pron.代词Conj.连词Num.数词 illness患病haveafever发烧hurt疼痛haveacold感冒haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼haveasorethroat喉咙疼
江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
英语语法-ing分词的用法 ing分词的用法 1、-ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： 一般式完成式 主动形式doing 主动形式having done 被动形式being done 被动形式having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。 注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如： Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
第7章动词的过去分词形式 动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ed形式的特征 A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成 动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。 1．规则动词的-ed形式 limit→limited（限制） pretend→pretended（假装） escape→escaped（逃脱） provide→provided（提供） refer→referred（提交） drag→dragged（拖） pray→prayed（祈祷） supply→supplied（供应） 2．不规则动词的-ed形式 cast→cast（投掷） spread→spread（传播） bite→bitten（咬） forgive→forgiven（原谅） spit→spat（吐） wear→worn（穿） fight→fought（搏斗） lose→lost（丢失） 3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同 learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授 aged an aged man 老人 beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机 B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式 动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。 Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。 Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。 C．动词的-ed形式的特征 动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。 1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。 除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。
湖南省娄底市双峰县曾国藩实验学校初中英语语法《动名词和现在 分词的区别》教案 V-ing 的非谓语动词用法: 动名词和现在分词的区别 一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。如: 1. 作主语、表语 动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。如: Tom's not having finished his homework made his teac her angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生.(主语) Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。(表语) 2. 作宾语 动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine 等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。如: Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗? 3. 作定语 动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。如: Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。 a sleeping baby (一个正在睡觉的baby) baby可以睡觉--动作性--现在分词 a sleeping car.（卧车）车不可以睡觉--名词性---动名词 二、V-ing作现在分词充当非谓语动词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。如: 1. 作定语 现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行，现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如: The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。 若被修饰词与现在分词是被动关系时,须用现在分词的被动式(being done)作定语。如: The song being broadcas t is very popular with the young students. 正在播放的 歌曲深受青年学生的欢迎。 现在分词与动名词作定语的区别: 现在分词与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系,而动 名词作定语表示作用与用途。如: Let sleeping dogs lie. 别招惹麻烦。(现在分词。相当于定语从句 which are sleeping) I think some sleeping pills may help you. 我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词.表示用途,相当于pills for sleeping) 2. 作表语 现在分词作表语表示主语的性质,这时通常可以看作形容词,可以用very, so或much等 修饰。如: The news that our team had been beaten by them in the match was very surprising. 我们队在比赛中被他们打败的消息让人感到很意外。 The sound we heard last night was so frightening. 我们昨晚听到的声音令人恐怖。
XX高中英语语法大全动名词 出guo高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评，请广大考生家长关注。时光飞逝，暑假过去了，新学期开始了，不管情愿与否，无论准备与否，我们已走进高三，走近我们的梦!祝愿决战xx高考的新高三学员能倍加努力，在xx年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。动名词 一、动名词作主语 1. 一般置于句首： Reading English is easier than speaking it. 2. 有时也可以用it作形式主语，而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。 It will be nice seeing them again. 这类句子结构常见的还有： 1) It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk. 2) It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first suess. 3) Is it any good…? Is it any good trying to exp1ain? 4) It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it. 3. 动名词还可以在There is no?句子结构中做主语： There is no asking him to e now.He is busy. 这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语，其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do? 二、动名词作表语 连系动词常与动名词连用，一起构成复合谓语：
高中英语高考语法过去分词讲与练 过去分词只有一种形式，即-ed形式或特殊形式。过去分词通常表示被动，完成。 pollute polluted write written show showed/shown 过去分词的否定：not done ★A.定语: 过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去 分词之间是被动关系。 1)We can’t live on borrowed money. 2)The forgotten men and women of our country will be forgotten no longer. 3)You mustn’t drink the polluted water. 4)You mustn’t drink the water polluted by the chemicals from the factory. 5)The computer centre, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school． 6)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent with his students. 7) ---- Can those seated/sitting at the back of the classroom hear me? ---- No problem. 8)Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso. ●以下过去分词作定语，虽然是一个词，但习惯上放在被修饰的名词之后： 1)A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practice the piano. 2)Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions taken? 3)All the efforts made will pay off, at last. 4)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope provided. 5)These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress. 6)The head of the museum reported paid 200 million dollars for the painting. 7)As the researchers expected, 30% of the drivers surveyed said that they fell asleep while driving. 8)Forty-two percent of people asked admitted that they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story 9)The money collected should be made good use of to help the people who suffered a lot in the earthquake. (collected也可放在money的前面) a carefully(badly)written article (report/composition) a widely(narrowly) used language (tool/book) a newly discovered island (village/tomb/forest) a newly invented/made machine (helicopter/fan) a well(badly) built bridge (dam/house/railway) a highly developed country (state/province/city) ●以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动: a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人 an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生★B. 表语: 过去分词可放在系动词be, become, get, look, seem, appear, sound等后作表语，表示主语自身的感受。 1)Everybody is really excited about the new Olympic stadium. 2)He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. 3)The painter looked tired after working for a whole day. 4) My mother appeared pleased with the lanterns she had made. ●以下动词除scare, delight, trouble,stress (使焦虑不安;使疲惫不堪)外均可加ed或 ing构成一个形容词。-ed形容词常表示主语或被修饰的人/动物自身的感受; ing形容 词常表示主语或被修饰的名词使/令人有某种感受。 surprise, astonish, amaze, shock, frighten, terrify, alarm(使害怕/惊恐), touch, move, annoy(使生气/恼怒), bore(使厌烦), disturb(使焦虑/烦恼/不安/惊讶), please, amuse, fulfill(使高兴/满意), encourage, inspire, tire, exhaust, interest, satisfy, excite, relax, disgust(使反感), worry, frustrate(使沮丧), disappoint, embarrass, confuse, puzzle, thrill, depress, convince… boring : 令人生厌的; 令人厌倦的; 没趣的; 乏味的; 无聊的 annoying: 使人烦恼的/心烦的/生气的; 使人气恼的/恼火的/讨厌的 【scare --- scary】【delight ---delightful】 【trouble ---troublesome】【stress -- stressful】 【upset ---upsetting】 ●以上动词构成的-ed形式还可用来修饰以下名词: face, look, laugh, smile, eye, voice， manner, heart, expression, tone, cry, feeling, conversation, pace等。 1)Her excited laugh shows that she has been hired by the company. 2) Can you see your mother’s frightened eyes?