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英语语法现在分词过去分词和动名词的用法

英语语法现在分词过去分词和动名词的用法
英语语法现在分词过去分词和动名词的用法

现在分词和过去分词的用法

1)AsLilymissedthebus,shewaslatefortheclass.

Missingthebus,shewaslatefortheclass.

2)Asthestudentwasscoldedbytheteacher,shefeltunhappy.

scoldedbytheteacher,shefeltunhappy.

一、现在分词

(一)现在分词的定义:

现在分词(PresentParticiple)(又称-ing形式、现在进行式),是分词的一种,由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。

(二)现在分词的功能与用法:

1.作定语

单个分词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。

e.g.a running boy?aboy whoisrunning

anoldman standingthere?anoldman whoisstandingthere

例如:

Thereportindicatedthat45%ofstudentswereinjobsnotspecificqualifications.

A.requiring

B.toberequired

C.beingrequired

D.tohaverequired

2.作补语

只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补:

1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe find listento lookat

2)使役动词:have get make

注意:要想用现在分词来作宾补,只能是用于这些词后,但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补)。

eg.IsawThomas playing computergames.

Don’thavethestudents studying allday.

注意:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。

3.作表语

(1)分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有:

interesting使人感到高兴—interested感到高兴的

exciting令人激动的—excited感到激动的

delighting令人高兴的—delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的—disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的—encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的—pleased感到愉快的

puzzling令人费解的—puzzled感到费解的

satisfying令人满意的—satisfied感到满意的

surprising令人惊异的—surprised感到惊异的

worrying令人担心的—worried感到担心的

如:Travelingis interesting but tiring.

Thepupilswillget confused iftheylearntoomuchatatime.

如果让学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

4.作状语

现在分词作状语多表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式、伴随等。

思考题1:请将下列句子中的现在分词短语转化为相应的状语从句:

Walkinginthestreet,Isawhim.(时间状语)

Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(条件状语)

Beingill,shestayedathome.(原因状语)

Havingfailedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.(让步状语)

Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.(结果状语)

Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.(方式状语)

Heenteredtheclassroom,takingabookinhishand.(伴随状语)

注意:有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在:

generallyspeaking一般来说Judgingfrom/by由……判断出

strictlyspeaking严格来说roughlyspeaking大致来说

narrowlyspeaking狭义上说broadlyspeaking广义上说

(三)现在分词的独立主格

独立主格结构(IndependentGenitive)有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。

e.g.Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.(it在句中指代的是”天气”)Weatherpermitting,wewillgooutingthisweekend.

思考题2:请将以上两个句子中的独立主格结构改为相应的状语从句。

(四)现在分词的时态与语态:

现在分词的一般式:

(1)现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如:

Shesatthere readinganovel.

(2)现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。如:

Goingintotheroom,heshutthedoor.走进房间,他就关上了门。

现在分词的完成式:

现在分词的完成式表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成。

Havingfinishedherhomework,thelittleboybegantowatchTV.

做完作业后,这个小男孩开始看电视。

现在分词的被动式:

现在分词的被动式表示其逻辑主语为现在分词动作的承受者。

(1)现在分词的一般被动式。如:

Thebuilding beingbuilt isourlibrary.

(2)现在分词的完成被动式。如:

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidnotknowhowtodoit.

(人家)已经告诉他多少次了,他还是不知道怎么做。

思考题3:请将下列两个句子中的现在分词短语改为相应的定语从句或状语从句。

1.Thequestion beingdiscussed isofgreatimportance.

2.Havingbeenwarnedbytheteacher,thestudentsdidn’tmakesuchmistakes.

例如:

1.________inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.

A.Towait

B.Havewaited

C.Havingwaited

D.Tohavewaited

2.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek______TV.

A.towatch

B.towatch

C.watching

D.watch

3.Thefluisbelieved_______bevirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.

A.causing

B.beingcaused

C.tobecaused

D.tohavecaused

4.Theflowers______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.

A.tosmell

B.smelling

C.smelt

D.tobesmelt

5.Don’tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.

A.run

B.running

C.beingrun

D.torun

6.Theyseeyouassomethingofaworrier,______problemswhichdon’texistandcrossingbridgeslongbeforeyouco metothem.

A.settling

B.discovering

C.seeing

D.designing

答:选C解析:根据句意“他们把你看成是一个杞人忧天的人,常常考虑一些并不存在的问题,为那些尚未发生的事情而烦恼。”可知,只有see才有“考虑”之意。settle解决;discover发现;design设计。

7.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.

A.totell

B.tobetold

C.telling

D.told

8.Youweresillynot_____yourcar.

A.tolock

B.tohavelocked

C.locking

D.havinglocked

9.Themaninsisted_______ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.

A.find

B.tofind

C.onfinding

D.infinding

10.Theoldman,_______abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.

A.towork

B.working

C.tohaveworked

D.havingworked

参考答案:1—10CCCBBCBBCD

二、过去分词

(一)过去分词的概念

过去分词只有一种形式,没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。

(二)过去分词的功能与用法

(1)作定语

过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen carwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.

(2)作表语

过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:Theglassis broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。

作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,know n,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered 等。

注意:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意义不同,如:

Theglasswas broken bymylittlebrother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的

(3)作宾语补足语

过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifound theground coveredbyfallenleaves.

注意:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:

Ihadmybike repaired yesterday.昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。

(4)作状语

过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加when,if,while,though,as等连词,如:

Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.

Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give 的逻辑宾语。)

三、现在分词与过去分词的区别

(一)语态不同

现在分词表示主动概念,及物动词的过去分词表示被动概念。

an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演说

the inspired audience受鼓舞的听众

(二)时间关系不同

现在分词所表示的动作一般是正在进行中的动作,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往是已经完成的动作,如:

the changing world正在发生的世界;

the changed world已经起了变化的世界。

四、动名词

(一)动名词的句法功能

动名词由动词加ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。

1.作主语:可以直接放在句首,也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语,而把动名词后置。

eg.Seeing isbelieving.(眼见为实)

Saying iseasierthandoing.

动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法:

Itisnouse(good)+动名词:做某事没有用

e.g.It's nouse cryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)

Thereisno+动名词(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)

e.g.Thereis no knowing whatmayhappen.(未来的事无法知道)

2.作表语:通常是说明主语的内容,注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别。

e.g.Hishobbyis collectingstamps.(此句为SVC结构)可改为:Collectingstamps ishishobby.

Cf.He iscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时,此句为SVO结构)

不能改为:Collectingstampsishe.

3.作宾语

A.作及物动词的宾语[enjoy,mind,finish,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,escape,pratise,suggest,keep(on),miss]

e.g.(2005年上海卷32)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'trisk_____thegoodopportunity.

A.tolose

B.losing

C.tobelost

D.beinglost

答案为B

有些动词(attempt,begin,continue,hate,like,love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性,用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。

e.g.I likeswimming butI don'tliketoswiminwinter.

动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时,句子结构与接动名词作宾语是不一样。

e.g.I preferto driveratherthantobedriven.

I preferdrivingtoriding.

思考题:请翻译以上两个句子。

有些动词,如forget,remember,regret等,后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作,不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。

e.g.Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____atheparty,butnot______.

A.toarrive,leaving

B.toarrive,toleave

C.arriving,leaving

D.arriving,toleave在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语:

动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补+动名词(真正宾语)

e.g.Ithink it nouse tellingthem.

Wethink it nogood invitingtohim.

B.作介词的宾语

e.g.Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhour______hisnotes.

A.bringingup

B.referringto

C.lookingfor

D.tryingon

beusedtodoing习惯于做;lookforwardtodoing盼望做;devoteone'slifetodoing致力于做;spenttime(in)doing花时间做;befondofdoing喜爱做;begoodatdoing擅长做;beproudofdoing为做…而自豪;betiredofdoing对做…感到厌倦;feellikedoing欲想做;goondoing继续做(原来的事);keepondoing不停地做;whataboutdoing做…怎么样;thinkofdoing考虑做;beinterestedindoing对做…感兴趣;havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难;bebusy(in)doing忙于做;

insteadofdoing做…而不做…

e.g.EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand______jokes.

A.turningup

B.puttingup

C.makingup

D.showingup

4.作定语

动名词可作前置定语,表示所修饰的词的用途或目的,可用for改写;而现在分词作定语时,可用定语从句改写。

swimmingpoolwaitingroomwalkingstick

asleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping

5.作同位语

e.g.That'sthequeen'sfull-timejob,layingeggs.这就是蚁后的专职工作--产卵。

(二).动名词的逻辑主语

①人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格,即形容词性物主代词。

e.g.Doyouminding my smoking here?

②逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时,很少用所有格,而用普通格。

e.g.Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingthedoor.

There'snoneedforthatbeingdone.

③逻辑主语是名词时,用所有格,但是如果名词为无生命物体时,则用普通格。

e.g.Mary'slaughing madeTomangry.

Thereisnohopingof thefactory makingprofit.

④在口语中,动名词如果不在句首,可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。

e.g.(2005年安徽卷34)Ireallycan'tunderstand_____herlikethat.

A.youtreat

B.youtotreat

C.whytreat

D.youtreating

(三).动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。

e.g.After havingfinished hiswork,hewenthome.

Heattendedthemeetingwithout beingasked.

Shenevertoldmeabout her havingbeeninterviewed bythepolice.

高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词

高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词,见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词

何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词 Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时,常常为了保持句子的平衡,用it来做形式主语,如: It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. What to do next is up to you. 时态、语态及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1.不定式的时态、语态有三种形式:①一般式,如,to write / to be written ;②进行式,如,to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式,如,to have written / to have been written 。 2.基本用法 ①不定式的一般式,表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的进行式,表示不定式的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如: When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③.不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分词 1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式:①一般式,如,doing / being done;

英语语法详解ed分词(三)

英语语法详解ed分词(三) Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his ing. 18) This , we went out to play. [A] was done[B] did[C] was dong[D] done 19) all his followers dead, the mander was taken by his enemy. [A] For[B] As[C] Because of[D] With 1) B为正确答案。空档前是一完整的句子,在没有连词的情况下,不能填充A和D;根据题意,"利息"是"通过…(被)挣来的",有被动之意,所以选B。 2) B为正确答案。此句的意思是"房子"被"遗弃,没人住",是被动的意义,而A和C都不符合这一点。D是动词不定式,一般表示将来或具体动作,所以D也不对。 3) D错。应去掉多余的"is",使-ED分词"examined"作后置定 语修饰"object"。C处并没有错。"present"是形容词,它与后面的 成分构成形容词短语修饰限定前面的"the ratio…carbon"。 4) D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ED分词相当于一个时间状 语从句"When he was inaugurated a second time …",主句的主语应当是人,所以A和D为可能选项,但A中的look forward to后应跟名词,那么只有D为正确选项。 5) A为正确答案。本句的意思是"在显微镜下看,雪花……",显然这里的看是"被观察"之义。B、C、D都表示主动,A为正确选项。

高英语语法专项练习:过去分词

过去分词专项训练 Part1: Fill in the blanks 1. When_______(ask) why he was late, he went red.(脸红了) 2. Deeply ____ (move) by the story, she began to cry. 3. He walked out of the house,_______ (follow)by his pet dog ______(name )Snoopy. 4. When______ (travel), you should take care of your health. 5. Although________ (shock) at the nationwide milk crisis, many mothers still showed they would choose the brands of milk powder cautiously instead of saying “no” to it. party. 6. Even if______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening = Even if I______ (invite), I won’t attend the evening party. 7 _______(dress )in white, she looks really pretty. 8 ________(see) the picture, I couldn’t help thinking of his good old days. 9 Can you see the boy ___________ (question) by the police now? 10 The building ___________ (complete) at the end of this year will be our library. 3. At last the man managed to make himself ___ with his ____ French. A. understood; broken B. understand; break C. understanding; breaking D. understand; broken 4. _____ to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century, the computer is playing a more and more important role in social life. A. Considered B. Considering C. To consider D. Consider 5. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 6. Daring, Can’t you get _________ quickly, only fifteen minutes for the party! A. changing B. change C. to be changed D. changed 7. We must study as much as possible to meet the needs of a _________ world we face. A. ever-changed B. ever-change C. ever-changes D. ever-changing 8 The ________ story of the hero _______ everyone to tears. A. moving; moved B. moving; moving C. moved; moved D. moved; moving 9. After the storm there were quite a few ______ trees on the ground. Many people saw them ______ down when the storm came up. A. fallen; fall B. fallen; fallen C. fallen; to fall D. falling; fall 10. To our great grief, there were more than 10 million people _______ in the Wen Chuang earthquake. A. killing B. to be killed C. killed D. having been killed em big at all. 11 _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t se A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12. If one third of a person’s blood _______, they may die. A. lost B is lost C. is losing D. loses tudents ____ outside to come in right away. 13. It’s time for the class meeting. Tell the s A. playing B. to play C. played D. who play 14. ____ drivers are a danger to the safety of the public. A. Drank B. Drunk C. Drinking D. Drink - 1 - / 3

英语语法--巧辨现在分词和动名词

巧辨现在分词和动名词 一、现在分词和动名词作定语时,主要从它们的意义、重读和位置三方面来区别。 ①现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作,二者在逻辑上有主谓关系,因而可扩展为定语从句,读时都要重读。例如: a crying baby( =a baby who is crying) the boiling water( = the water that is boiling) ②动名词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的用途、所属关系等,不存在逻辑上的主谓关系,因而不能扩展为定语从句,只能扩展为一个表示用途的介词短语,读时只重读动名词。例如: a bathing suit( = a suit for bathing)一件游泳衣 drinking water( = water for drinking)饮用水 现在分词作定语时,可以后置,而动名词只能放在所修饰的名词前边。 例如: On the day fllowing( = on the ollowing day)he left for New York.业(现在分词) Do you have any listening materials? (动名词)

二、现在分词和动名词作表语的辨别方法: ①提问法 能用how对表语提问的是现在分词;能用what提问的是动名词。例如:My job is interesting. (How is your job?) My job is teaching. ( What is your job?) ②位置对调法 将表语和主语位置对调,句子仍然成立,且意思通顺的为动名词:香则,为现在分词。例如: My job is iteresting. Interesting is my job. (不成立) My job is teaching. →Teaching is my job. (成立) The ant queen's full time job is laying eggs. →Laying eggs is the ant queen'sfull-time job. ( 成立) ③成分添加法 表语后能带宾语和状语的是动名词;表语前面能加上副词( very ,quite,so等)或more,most加以修饰的则是现在分词。例如: My job is more interesting than yours. ( 现在分词)

非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词

非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词 今天我们来学习另外两种非谓语动词形式—现在分词和动名词。 现在分词和动名词的形式是一样的,都是doing,但它们的含义和用法存在很大差别,即便都可以做表语、定语,其含义也是大不相同的。 希望同学们通过今天的学习,能够真正领悟它们的用法和区别。 一.现在分词(The Present Participle): doing 1、现在分词由动词加“ing”构成,表示主动或正在进行,主要起形容词、副词和动词的作用,可在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补等成份。 (1)作表语。(与主语存在主动的逻辑关系) The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。

The result is amazing. 这个结果令人惊异。 (2)作定语。(与被修饰词之间存在主动的逻辑关系) Do you know the young man standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下的年轻人吗? The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt. 穿红外套的女人是我的阿姨。 (3)作状语。(与句子主语存在主动逻辑关系,并且与谓语动作同时发生) Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano .(时间状语) 经过这所房子的时候,他看到一个女孩正在弹钢琴。

A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果状语) 大量的土地已经与树木一起消失了,只留下了沙子。 They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”(伴随状语)他们弄醒了他们的父母,喊着“圣诞节快乐”。 (4)作宾补。(与宾语存在主动逻辑关系,并且与谓语动作同时发生) I hear a girl singing in the next room. 我听到一个女孩正在隔壁唱歌。 2、现在分词的否定式:not doing Not knowing where he is, she is feeling anxious. 不知道他在哪里,她感到非常焦急。

现在分词和动名词的区别

动名词和现在分词的区别 如果你只想知道动名词和现在分词如何区分的话我给你一个例子sleeping baby reading room 这 里sleeping是现在分词,因为sleeping=baby is sleeping,sleeping显然是个分词;而reading room 不等同于room is reading,所以reading是动名词 动名词在形式上,和现在分词相同,然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点; 而动名词具有名词的特点。因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。例如:Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。(主语) Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(主语) Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。(表语) What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城。(表语) My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。(表语) To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。(表语) Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。(宾语) I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。(宾语) She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。(介词宾语) My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰。(介词宾语) Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。(介词宾语) 由于动名词是动词的一种形式,因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接宾语;可以被副词修饰。例如: My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语) Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事。(you是动名词meeting的宾语)I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车。(副词fast修饰动名词driving) 动名词还有几种形式: 主动形式

非谓语动词-ed分词

学习必备欢迎下载 20XX届高三英语语法复习(11) 非谓语动词---过去分词(III) 一、不规则动词过去分词表 (1)AAA型 cost(花费)cost cost cut(割)cut cut hit(打)hit hit hurt 伤害)hurt hurt let(让)let let put(放)put put read (读)read read (2) AAB型 beat(跳动)beat beaten (3) ABA型 become(变成)became become come(来)came come run(跑)ran run (4) ABB型 dig(挖)dug dug get(得到)got got hang(吊死)hanged hanged hang(悬挂)hung hung hold(抓住)held held shine(照耀)shone shone sit(坐)sat sat win (赢)won won meet(遇见)met met keep (保持)kept kept sleep(睡)slept slept sweep(扫)swept swept feel(感觉)felt felt smell(闻)smelt smelt leave(离开)left left build(建设)built built lend(借出)lent lent send (传送)sent sent spend(花费)spent spent lose (丢失)lost lost burn (燃烧)burnt burnt learn(学习)learnt learnt mean(意思是)meant meant catch(抓住)caught caught teach(教)taught taught bring(带来)brought brought fight (战斗)fought fought buy(买)bought bought think(想)thought thought hear (听见)heard heard sell(卖)sold sold tell(告诉)told told say(说)said said find(找到)found found have/has(有)had had make(制造)made made stand(站)stood stood understand明白understood understood (5) ABC型 begin(开始)began begun drink(喝)drank drunk ring(铃响)rang rung sing (唱)sang sung swim(游泳)swam swum blow(吹)blew blown draw (画)drew drawn fly(飞)flew flown grow(生长)grew grown know(知道)knew known throw(投掷)threw thrown show(出示)showed shown break(打破)broke broken choose(选择)chose chosen forget(忘记)forgot forgotten (forgot) speak(说,讲)spoke spoken wake(醒)woke woke drive(驾驶)drove driven eat(吃)ate eaten fall(落下)fell fallen give(给)gave given rise(升高)rose risen take(取)took taken mistake(弄错)mistook mistaken ride(骑)rode ridden write(写)wrote written do(做)did done go(去)went gone lie(平躺)lay lain see(看见)saw seen wear (穿)wore worn be ( am, is, are )(是)was, were been 二、形式与含义

(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

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