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英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】【知识梳理】1 定义动词的ed分词即过去分词

英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】【知识梳理】1 定义动词的ed分词即过去分词
英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】【知识梳理】1 定义动词的ed分词即过去分词

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英语语法系列之过去分词【知识梳理】【知识梳理】1. 定义动词的ed分词即过去分词

英语语法系列之过去分词

【知识梳理】

1. 定义:动词的ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。

2. 过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。

1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如:

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。2)过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如:The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。

过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。

Is there anything planned f tomrow 明天有什么活动吗

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如:

The meeting attended by one thous students was a success.

这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。

3)过去分词做状语:过去分词和ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。①表时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或

while来强调时间概念。如:

Seen from the top of the hill the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看,这个城市就像一个大花园。

②表原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:

Deeply moved by the sty the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.

激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。

③表条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。如:

Given another chance he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。

If heated water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热,会变成水蒸气。

④表让步,相当于一个thoughalthough引导的让步状语从句。如:

Exhausted by the running they went on running after the robber.

尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽,他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。

⑤表方式或伴随情况。如:

The old man went into the room suppted by his wife.那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

4)过去分词作补足语:过去分词可以在see hear notice watch find get have feel make leave keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语,用作宾语补语。如:

When will you go to the hospital have your tooth examined

你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿

这类句子变成被动语态时,过去分词用作主语补语。如:

They should be kept infmed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。

几点注意:1. 过去分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如:When asked why he came here the boy kept silent.当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时,他沉默不语。

如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。

2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语: have somebodysomething do something 不定式作补语必须省去to 不定式动作由宾语发出,表示一次性的动作。如:

I had the wkers do the job f me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。

have somebody something doing something ing分词作补语,分词动作也由宾语发出,强调动作的延续或正在进行。如:

We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that. 我们不能让那个孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。

have somebodysomething done 过去分词作补语,宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系,通常有两种情况:

主语让别人做某事,强调主语的意志。如:

He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。

Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.后来,这个中心让人种了很多树。

②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境,说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如:

He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式:

the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥(表示将来的动作)

the bridge being built 正在建造的桥(表示正在进行的动作)

the bridge built 造好的桥(表示完成的动作)

4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别:

过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受,而ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征,如:

Hearing the news we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息,我们感到很惊讶

The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。

5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别:

过去分词作定语和ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语:

boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水

developed countries发展的国家

developing countries发展中国家

由此可见,过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作;而ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。

【例行天下】

例1. (2009福建32) not to miss the flight at 15:20 the manager set out f the airpt in a hurry.

A. Reminding

B. Reminded

C. To remind

D. Having reminded

答案:B

解析:考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager,非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系,且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生,非谓语动词用过去分词,选B。

变式训练:1.John received an invitation to dinner, with his wk ________ he gladly accepted it.

A. finished

B. finishing C . was finished D. having

finished

答案:A

解析“with+宾语+宾补”结构中,宾补表示完成用过去分词。

变式训练:2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.

A. watered

B. watering

C. water

D. to water 答案 A

解析:unless,if,when,though等引导状语从句时,如果主从句的主语一致,又含有be动词时,常把主语和be动词省略。此处应为unless they are watered。因此A项正确。

例2. . (2009海南35)Now that we’ve discussed out problem are people happy with the decisions _________

A. taking

B. take

C. taken

D. to take

答案:C

解析:考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为:现在我们已经讨论了问题是人们最满意

的决定 take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动

变式训练:1. The Town Hall __________ in the 1880’s was the most distinguished building at that time.

A. to be completed

B. having been completed

C. completed

D. being completed

答案 C

解析:completed in the 1880’s为过去分词短语作定语修饰the Town Hall,二者之间为被动关系;D项表示动作正在发生,不合题意;B项不能作限制性的定语。

变式训练:2. The children went home from the grammar school,their

lessons _________ f the day.

A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished 答案:B

解析:此处考查独立主格结构,非谓语在句中作状语。

例3. (20XX年北京34)____ twice the postman refused to deliver our

letters unless we changed our dog.

A. Being bitten

B. Bitten

C. Having bitten

D. To be bitten 答案:B。

解析:考查分词的用法。The postman与bite之间是被动和完成的关系,所以答案为:B。

变式训练:

变式训练:1. There have been several new events _______ to the program f the 2008 Olympic Games __________ in Beijing in August to come.

A. added; held

B. added; to be held

C. adding; to be held

D. adding; being held

答案:B

解析:根据句子结构判断,此处为独立主格结构,且功课是被完成,因此用过去分词形式。

变式训练:2. ________ by a greater dem f vegetables,farmers have built me green houses.

A. Driven

B. Being driven

C. To drive

D. Having driven

答案 A

解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:受对于蔬菜的更大量需求的驱使,农民们建了更多的暖棚。空格处为句子的状语,其逻辑主语为farmers,与drive之间存在被动关系,故用被动形式。

例4. (2009四川4) Ladies gentlemen please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A. seated

B. seating

C. to seat

D. seat

答案:A

解析:考查非谓语的用法。remain后可接adj ving ved和to be done 等多种形式做表语,在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词,所以正确答案为A。

变式训练:1. ________ by a greater dem f vegetables,farmers have built me green houses.

A. Driven

B. Being driven

C. To drive

D. Having driven

答案:A

解析:本题考查非谓语动词。句意为:受对于蔬菜的更大量需求的驱使,农民们建了更多的暖棚。空格处为句子的状语,其逻辑主语为farmers,与drive之间存在被动关系,故用被动形式。

变式训练:2. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______ in a sht period.

A. improved

B. improving

C. to improve

D. improve

答案:A

解析:本题考查非谓语动词。have在此处为使役动词,“使,让”,后可接do,doing或done

作宾补,宾语her written English与improve之间为动宾关系,故应用过去分词作宾补。【限时训练】

1.(2009北京卷24). F breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit

___ on his own farm.

A. grown

B. being grown

C. to be grown

D. to grow

答案:A。

解析:考查非谓语的用法。fresh fruit与grow的关系是被动和完成,所以用过去分词做定语。

2. (2009全国35). N ow that we’ve discussed out problem are people happy with the decisions ________

A. taking

B. take

C. taken

D. to take

答案:C

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做宾补,和decision构成被动。

3. (2009北京27) The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced

their evaluation of the service

A. treated

B. were treated

C. would treat

D. would be treated

答案:D

解析:此处考查谓语动词过去将来的被动语态。

4. (2009湖南31) Please do me a fav — ______ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.

A. to invite

B. inviting

C. invite

D. invited

答案:C

解析:此处考查一个表示要求的祈使句,故用动词原形。

5. (2009江西22) _________ the right kind of training these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.

A. Giving

B. Having given

C. To give

D. Given

答案:D

解析:考查非谓语动词。如果把句子补充完整就不难看出:If they are given the right kind of training 可知主语they 即these teenager soccer players与give 之

间是被动的关系,所以用过去分词。根据主、从句主语一致可省略从句主语的原则,连词if 也可省,所以得出given the right kind of training these teenager soccer players……

6. (2009天津9) _____ by the advances in technology many farmers have set up wind farms on their l.

A. Being encouraged

B. Encouraging

C. Encouraged

D. Having encouraged

答案:C

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

7.(2009浙江3) _______ sht of breath y Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

A. the; a

B. Tired

C. Tiring

D. Being tired

答案:B

解析:解析:此处考查非谓语动词做伴随状语,和主语构成被动关系。

8. (2009重庆25)Michael’s new house is like a huge palace

______with his old one.

A. comparing

B. compares

C. to compare

D. compared

答案:D

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

9. (2009海南35)Now that we’ve discussed out problem are people happy with the decisions ________

A. taking

B. take

C. taken

D. to take

答案:C

解析:考查with +宾语+宾语补足语的用法。句意为:现在我们已经讨论了问题是人们最满意

的决定 take 与the decisions之间存在的关系是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动

10. (2009四川4) Ladies gentlemen please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A. seated

B. seating

C. to seat

D. seat

答案:A

解析:考查非谓语的用法。remain后可接adj ving ved和to be done 等多种形式做表语,在该题中可以把seated视为一个形容词,所以正确答案为A。

11. (2008江西28)We finished the run in less than half the time

________ .

A. allowing

B. to allow

C. allowed

D. allows

答案:C

解析:句意为:我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完了。time后缺少定语,“时间”与“允许”之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词形式。

12.(2008湖南26)The trees ________ in the stm have been moved off the road.

A. being blown down

B. blown down

C. blowing down

D. to blow down

答案 B

解析:句意为:在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。“树木”的后面缺少定语,因为blow down与trees之间是动宾关系,且是已经完成的动作,故用过去分词短语blown down。

13.(2008浙江13) It is one of the funniest things________ on the Inter so far this year.

A. finding

B. being found

C. to find

D. found

答案:D

解析:found此处为过去分词作后置定语,用来修饰things,与things构成被动关系。句意为:这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。

14.(2008福建33)—Can those________ at the back of the classroom hear me

—No problem.

A. seat

B. sit

C. seated

D.

sat

答案 C

解析:at the back of the classroom为分词短语作定语。sit为不及物动词,可用sitting...作定语;seat为及物动词,常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式。这里seat 与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用其过去分词作定语。

15. (2008辽宁31) Please remain_______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

A. seating

B. seated

C. to seat

D. to be seated

答案:B

解析:句意为:请在座位上坐着;很快就会宣布获奖者。seat是及物动词,remainbe seated 保持坐着的状态,坐着。

16. (2008江苏34) To learn English well,we should find opptunities to hear English_______ as much as we can.

A. speak

B. speaking

C. spoken

D. to speak 答案:C

解析:此处考查hear+宾语+dodoingdone结构。因为English是“被说”,故用spoken作宾补,表示被动。

17.(2009北京市东城区高三二模试题)_________ by a greater dem f green products the food company has set higher stards to ensure the quality. A.Driven B.Being driven C.To drive D.Having driven

答案:A

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

18.(2009北京市东城区高三二模试题)Mistakes in _______ public notices can be seen here there.

A.being translated B.translating C.having translated D.translated

答案:D

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

19.(2009北京市海淀区高三二模)The Hotel Al Arab ______ the first only

7star hotel in the wld was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters.

A.was considered B.considering C.being considered D.considered 答:D

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做定语,和前面的名词构成被动关系。

20.(2009北京市宣武区高三二模)_________ with the threat of water shtages Beijing Shanghai are taking effective measures to save water protect water resources.

A.Face B.Faced C.Facing D.To face

答案:B

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系,当face和with连用,要用短语be faced with …。

21. 2009山东省临沂市高三二模) The judge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party __________.

A. involved

B. to be involved

C. involving

D. having involved

答案:A

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做定语,和party构成被动关系.

22.(2009山东省枣庄市高三二模) No matter how frequently _________ I always remember never to stop improving myself.

A.praising B.praised C.to be praised D.being praised 答案:B

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系

23. (2009天津市南开区高三年级质量调查(二)) ___________ from endless homewk on weekends the students now find their own activities such as taking a ride together to watch the sunrise.

A. Freed

B. Freeing

C. To free

D. Having freed

答案:A

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系

24.(2009浙江省杭州市第二次高考科目教学质量检测) The early warning of

floods, ________ over the radio on TV,spread quickly through the area.

A.having broadcast B.broadcasting C.broadcast D.to be broadcast

答案:C

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做分割式定语,和warning构成被动关系

25. (2009河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟) The managers were discussing the plan which they all wanted to see _______ out that month.

A. carried

B. to carry

C. carrying

D. carry

答案:A

解析:此处考查非谓语动词定语从句中做宾语补语,定语从句中宾语the plan被省略。

26. (2009江苏省南通市高三一模试题)________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis people are optimistic about the future of the country.

A. Convincing

B. Convinced

C. To convince

D. Having convinced

答案:B

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。be convinced … 表示“相信”。27.(2009山东省青岛市高三教学统一质量检测)Carbon dioxide ______from burning fuels is the most common of the so – called greenhouse gases. A.producing B.having been produced C.to be produced D.

produced

答案:D

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做定语,修饰前面的名词,和名词构成被动关系。

28.(2009江西省十所重点中学联考盟校第一次模拟考试)My grma still treats me

like a child.She can’t imagine me______.

A.grow up B.grown up C.growing up D.to grow up

答案:B

解析:此处考查的是imagine me grown up中grown up做宾补,修饰me。

29.(2009湖北省黄冈中学高三第一次模拟考试)The writer was so _______ in her wk that she didn’t notice him enter the room..

A. aboned

B. focused

C. absbed

D. centered

答案:C

解析:此处考查be absbed in … 这一固定短语。

30.(2009福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检查) The meeting,______by over five thous people,welcomed the great hero.

A.to be attended B.being attended C.attended D.having attended

答案:C

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做定语,修饰前面的名词,和名词构成被动关系。

31. (2009石家庄市高中毕业班第一次模拟考试)______the financial crisis our government has taken a series of measures ______it.

A. Faced with; to deal with

B. Facing with;dealing with

C. Faced with; dealt with

D. Facing with;

to dealt with

答案:A

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系,当face和with连用,要用短语be faced with …,做状语时,be省略。

32 .(08南京市高三年级质量调研) The residents approve of the

measures_______ so far in our city,_______ to bring a sharp rise in oil prices.

A. having been taken; intended

B. to be taken; intending

C. taken; to intend

D. taken; intended

答案:D

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做定语,修饰前面的名词,和名词构成被动关系。

33.(08石家庄高中毕业班复习教学质量检测二) Mary felt herself _________

to take action to defend herself.

A. fcing

B. to fce

C. fced

D. being fced

答案:C

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做宾语补语,和宾语构成被动关系。

34 .(08北京市海淀区第一学期期末练习) The No.5 subway line,_______ in October,07,has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing.

A. opened

B. was opened

C. being opened

D. to be opened

答案:A

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做定语,修饰前面的名词,和名词构成被动关系。

35 .(08郑州市高中毕业班第一次质量预测) ______ true events,the film follows the life of Braddock,a boxer in New Yk.

A. Being based on

B. Basing on

C. Based on

D. Having based on

答案:C

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

36 .(08浙江省金华十校高三年级联考) _______ in her most beautiful skirt,

the girl tried to make herself_______ at the party.

A. Dressed; noticed

B. Dressing; noticed

C. Dressed; noticing

D. Dressing; being noticing

答案:A。

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

37. (08浙江省金华十校高三年级联考) I walked out of the cinema, _______

I’d never come back to this hell of a place.

A. having determined

B. determined

C. to determine

D. determine

答案:B

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做伴随状语,和主语构成被动关系。

38 .(08江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考) _______ in the book,he didn’t hear the sound.

A. Burying

B. To be buried

C. Having been buried

D. Buried

答案:D

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

39 .(08南昌市高三第一次调研测试) _______ to give up smoking,he threw away his_______ cigarettes.

A. Determined; remained

B. Determined; remaining

C. Determining; remained

D. Determining;

remaining

答案:B

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。其中remaining为现在分词做定语,意思是:剩下的。

40. .(08济南市高三第一次统一考试) _________ by the rising price of gas,many car owners use their cars less frequently.A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven

答案:A

解析:此处考查非谓语动词做状语,和主语构成被动关系。

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(完整版)高中英语语法动词不定式和动名词做宾语

巧记跟不定式和动名词做宾语的动词用法 语法体现语言的规律,学好英语离不开语法学习。其中,动词的用法是重点,也是难点。对于谓语动词和非谓语动词的用法,学生普遍感到困难。学生感到50多个动词,用法难以掌握,但调整了单词的排列顺序,根据汉意编写顺口溜会方便记忆: (一)跟不定时作宾语的动词有: 打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire) 假装(pretend)喜欢(would like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish) 决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help) 设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse) 好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt) 选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn) 告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford) 不定式宾语要牢记! (二)跟动名词作宾语的动词有: 考虑(consider)完成(finish)多练习(practise) 避免(avoid)冒险(risk)求建议(suggest/recoomend) 面对(face)喜欢(enjoy/appreciate)和介意(mind) 允许(allow)承认(admit/permit)或放弃(give up/abandon) 推迟(put off/delay/postphone)逃避(escape)不原谅(excuse/pardon)提及(mention)坚持(keep/insist on)要想象(imagine/fancy) 还有词组feel like 和can’t stand! 瞧!,我们就这样快快乐乐地记住了吧! (三)在动词remember, try, regret, forget, need/want/require, stop, mean等后跟动名词V-和不定式意义不同,巧记一句话(记住努力;后悔忘记;需要停止;很有意义),学习采用对比法: remember to do something记着去做某事(现在还没有做) remember doing something记着曾做过某事(以前做过某事) try to do something努力、尽力做某事 try doing something试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果) stop to do something开始做某事(停下正在做的事,开始做另一事) stop doing something停止做某事(停止正在做的事) regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜 regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔

高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词

高中英语语法之动词过去分词 简介 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词,见不规则表 一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.

高中英语语法(6)-动词的ing形式

第6章动词的-ing形式 动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类 与动词不定式一样,动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。 A.动词-ing形式的一般式 1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。 Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。 2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。 She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。 3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电

子邮件。 He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。 B. 动词-ing形式的完成式 动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作,这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年,她对这里已很熟悉。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲,我真的很遗憾。 注意: 在现代英语中,作宾语的-ing形式的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲,我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered seeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. ) C. 动词-ing形式的被动形式 动词的-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。 1.一般式的被动形式 The question being discussed is very important. 正在讨论的问题很重要。

英语语法详解ed分词(三)

英语语法详解ed分词(三) Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his ing. 18) This , we went out to play. [A] was done[B] did[C] was dong[D] done 19) all his followers dead, the mander was taken by his enemy. [A] For[B] As[C] Because of[D] With 1) B为正确答案。空档前是一完整的句子,在没有连词的情况下,不能填充A和D;根据题意,"利息"是"通过…(被)挣来的",有被动之意,所以选B。 2) B为正确答案。此句的意思是"房子"被"遗弃,没人住",是被动的意义,而A和C都不符合这一点。D是动词不定式,一般表示将来或具体动作,所以D也不对。 3) D错。应去掉多余的"is",使-ED分词"examined"作后置定 语修饰"object"。C处并没有错。"present"是形容词,它与后面的 成分构成形容词短语修饰限定前面的"the ratio…carbon"。 4) D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ED分词相当于一个时间状 语从句"When he was inaugurated a second time …",主句的主语应当是人,所以A和D为可能选项,但A中的look forward to后应跟名词,那么只有D为正确选项。 5) A为正确答案。本句的意思是"在显微镜下看,雪花……",显然这里的看是"被观察"之义。B、C、D都表示主动,A为正确选项。

初中英语语法过去完成时

初中英语过去完成时态讲解试题 过去完成时态 1)过去完成时态的构成: 肯定式:had + 动词的过去分词 否定式:hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式:Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主 + have/has had. No, 主 + had现在完成时的用法 过去完成时的用法: 1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是"过去的过去 "常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如: She said she had seen the film 4 times. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for (后跟段时间)或since (后跟点时间)等连用.如: She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松! 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijin g. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone

高中英语语法总结大全-动词

高中英语语法总结大全之动词 动词 1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 2)根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。 说明:有些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如: We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。) He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。 (has是助动词。) 3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi.。 说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动词。例如: She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。) 4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词(Finite Verb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如: She sings very well. 她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。(to learn不受主语she的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。 说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。 5)根据动词的组成形式,可分为三类,分别是:单字词(One-Word Verb)、短语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如: The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)

(word完整版)高中英语语法全解-过去分词

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非谓语动词-ed分词

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高中英语语法:动词用法讲解

高中英语语法之动词用法讲解 动词的分类 动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词 一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类: 1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词; 2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词 连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look 看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是 情态动词和助动词参看其他章节 二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词, 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章. 三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题: 1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物 动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态 2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语 连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用 a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词

b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词 c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用 d. When did you join the army ? (正确 e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确 f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用 g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确 h. I haven’t received his letter f or almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用 四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词 1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for 2. “动词+副词”: 有的相当于及物动词, 如: look up(查找, 有的相当于不及物动词, 如: slow down(慢下来. 这类短语动词的宾语是代词时, 只能放在动词和副词之间, 如: call her up; 这类短语动词的宾语是名词时, 既可放在动词和副词之间, 也可放在副词之后, 如: call Tom up或call up Tom 3. “动词+副词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: keep away from 4. “动词+名词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: lose sight of 5. “be +形容词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: be worthy of 动词的形式 一.动词的基本形式有: ①.原形; ②.单数第三人称现在时形式, 即词尾加– s / - es;

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