中考英语动词填空题指导
“动词填空”是中考英语测试中的一种传统题型，主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式的掌握情况。这里的“动词填空”不仅仅指谓语动词的正确时态，还包括动词不定式、动词-ing和分词等形式，而且还涉及到主动语态和被动语态及主谓一致等知识。因此，掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。那么，怎样才能做好此类题呢？我们可以从以下几方面着手：
◆一、确定正确的时态
时态是动词填空的重点，在解题时必须慎重。确定时态可根据情况从以下几个方面来进行。1．根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。
2．注意时态呼应。
在主从复合句中，主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是相互照应的。
1）在含宾语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的相应时态；如果主句谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据实际情况而使用某一种时态；如果从句说的是客观事实或真理，谓语动词总是用一般现在时。如：
a）Do you know where he ________（live）now？
b）The teacher told us the sun ________（rise）in the east．
c）She wanted to know if her mother ________（like）the present．
〖Keys：a）lives b）rises c）liked 〗
2）状语从句的时态比较复杂，我们应注意以下几点：①主从句的时态要一致；②主句是一般将来时或祈使句，条件状语从句或时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来；③表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，这时从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。如：
a）We will go to the Great Wall if it ________（not rain）tomorrow．
b）Could you ring me up as soon as he ________（arrive）？
c）I ________（meet）an old friend of mine when I ________（walk）in the street yesterday afternoon．
〖Keys：a）doesn't rain b）arrives c）met，was walking 〗
3．根据上下文确定时态。
有时句子没有明显的时间状语，也不能用时态呼应规则来对照，这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系，确定时态。如：
a）Be quiet！He ________（listen）to the radio．
b）—Where are the twins？— They ________（read）an English book．
c）While Mary ________（play）in the garden，her brother ________（write）in the room．
d）—I have bought a new dictionary．—When ________ you ________（buy）it？
〖Keys：a）is listening b）are reading c）was playing，was writing d）did，buy 〗◆二、确定语态
我们在考虑时态的同时，也要考虑语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时，用被动语态；反之用主动语态。如：
a）Yesterday I ________（tell）that we would have a picnic in the park．
b）Now surfing ________（enjoy）by people all over the world．
〖Keys：a）was told b）is enjoyed 〗
注意：不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词（如listen，sleep，happen，get up，grow up，break out，come in等）没有被动语态。如：
The ship has disappeared．
The war broke out many years ago．
但是，当“不及物动词＋介（副）词”构成的短语动词其作用相当于及物动词时，则有被动语态。
The children are looked after well．
◆三、确定非谓语动词的形式
如果所给的动词在句子中不作谓语，就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式。究竟选用哪种非谓语动词形式，可根据情况从以下几方面来考虑。（详见第28期）
1．在及物动词want，hope，wish，decide，would like等动词后用不定式作宾语。2．It is time (for sb) to do sth，something to eat／drink，have nothing to do 等句型中要用动词不定式。
3．在enjoy，finish，mind，be busy，be worth，feel like，what／how about，can't help，practice，have fun／problems等后要用动词-ing形式。
尽管有些同学时间概念记住了，谓语动词的时态和语态也确定了，但在答题时仍会出错。所以我们还应注意：1．要弄清动词的第三人称单数、过去式及过去分词等形式。
2．要注意谓语动词要与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
3．祈使句中，或在情态动词、助动词后，谓语动词要用原形。
非谓语动词总结
一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况
1.动词：finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；practice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事；keep doing sth.持续做某事
2.固定短语：feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事；have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴
3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)
如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of
4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事；prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…；pay attention to doing注意做某事；be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献
二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况
1.动词：agree to do同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做；refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth. 想做……；used to do sth. 过去常做某事
2.句型.
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事
asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事
follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事
get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事）
be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋
be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事
be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事
be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事
be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉
be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇
can’t wait to do st h. 迫不急待地去做某事
get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会
It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样
It’s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth.
It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
It’s best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的
It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能……==not…enough to do
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……（常考）
something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易
take turns to do sth. 轮流做……
There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事
try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事
三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况：
1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词
有些动词接doing和to do意义相近像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)。如：等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大：如：like to do表示想要做某一具体的动作like dong表示一般或抽象的多次动作它们在实际使用中区别很小。
2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词：
remember to do(记住去做) remember doing(记得做过)
forget to do(忘记去做) forget doing(忘记做过)
try to do(设法做) try doing(试着做)
go on to do(接着做另一事) go on doing(继续做同一事)
stop to do(停下来去做) stop doing(停止做)
can’t help to do(不能帮助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
四、后跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况。
1．在感官动词和使役动词后
feel，hear，listen to，watch，look at，see，notice ，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。
2.助动词或情态动词后：
do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。
3.某些固定句型中
1）Will（Would）you please（not）．．．？请（不要）做某事好吗？
2）had better最好做某事
3）Why not．．．？为何不做某事
4) would rather(not)...宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：would rather...than...=would...rather than...。
5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。
五．既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。
see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。
see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事
hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做
某事
初中英语总复习专项练习—动词时态、语态
I．根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It is a fine day. The sun __________(shine) brightly.
2. They ___________(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.
3. Mr Brown __________(live) in Beijing since he came to China.
4. Mr Wang ___________(teach) us English two years ago.
5. The Smiths _______________( watch) TV at this time last night.
6. We __________(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.
7. Father said that he ____________(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.
8. Bill isn’t here. He ___________(chat) with his friends in the classroom.
9. The teacher said that the moon __________(go) round the earth.
10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it ____________(not rain) this Sunday.
11. Listen! They ____________(talk) about the new film.
12. Jim asked us what ___________(happen) in China in 1976.
13. My mobile phone ___________(steal) on a bus last week.
14. The host ____________(interview) the little boy just now.
15. The Greens __________(watch) TV now.
16. He said that he _____________(ring) me up when he got there.
17. We ____________(learn) English for about three years.
18. My brother_____________(join) the League in 1997.
19. The farmers __________(pick) apples when I saw them.
20. The red skirt __________(cost) the girl forty yuan.
21. The film ____________(begin) when I got to the cinema.
22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _____(grow) up.
23. My sister is a student and she _____________(study) at a middle school nearby.
24. Mr Green __________(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.
25. You _________(catch) the early bus if you get up early.
26. _______you been________(wear) glasses all the time?
27. I’ll go home as soon as I ___________(finish) my homework.
29. Most science books are _______________(write) in English.
30. I ____________(stay) there for two months last year.
II．根据句意，选择填空。
31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she ____.
A. will arrive
B. gets there
C. has gone
D. reach here
32. ----Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter? ----I ______ well last night.
A. didn’t sleep
B. don’t sleep
C. haven’t slept
D. won’t sleep
33. ----Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking?
----Sorry, I ____ that.
A. didn’t see
B. don’t see
C. won’t see
D. can’t see
34. ----Well, I found this. I think it must be yours.
----My watch! Thank you. Where _____it.
A. do you find
B. had you found
C. were you finding
D. did you find
35. ----Don you know when Dr White ____ for dinner this evening?
----No, but I think he ____ when he is free.
A. will come; comes
B. will come; will come
C. comes; comes
D. comes; will come
36. Look at those black clouds. It _____ rain. Let’s hurry.
A. maybe
B. would
C. has
D. is going to
37. ----Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. ----Really? Where ____ he ____?
A. has; gone
B. will; go
C. did; go
D. does; go
38. ----Shall we go shopping now? ----Sorry, I can't. I ____ my shirts.
A. wash
B. washes
C. washed C. am washing
39. ----I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
----Oh, I am sorry. I ____ dinner at my friend's home.
A. have
B. had
C. was having
D. have had
40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ____ thousands of visitors since 1995.
A. attracted
B. attracts
C. has attracted
D. will attract
41. ----____you ____ your e-mails today?
----Not yet. There's something wrong with my computer.
A. Have; checked
B. Did; check
C. Do; check
D. Are; checking
42. ----How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith? ----Oh, I ___ such a beautiful city before.
A. don't visit
B. didn't visit
C. haven't visited
D. hadn't visited
43. ----Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup? ----Sorry, I ____ it to Mary.
A. lent
B. have lent
C. had lent
D. lend
44. ----Mum, may I go out to play football?
-----____you ____ your homework yet?
A. Have; finished
B. Do; finished
C. Are; finishing
D. Did; finish
45. ----The train is leaving right now, but David hasn't arrived yet.
----Well, he said he ____here on time.
A. came
B. will be
C. would come
D. can be
46. ----Why didn't you go to the cinema yesterday? -----Because I ____ the film before.
A. had seen
B. have seen
C. have watched
D. has watched
47. I don't think John saw me. He ____ a book at that moment.
A. just read
B. has just read
C. was just reading
D. had just read
48. Mr Smith ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished
it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
49. Mr White ____ the newspaper while his daughter ____TV.
A. has read; was watching
B. was reading; watched
C. was reading; was watching
D. reading; watched
50. ---- I ____ you at the meeting. Why? ----I was ill.
A. saw
B. have seen
C. not see
D. didn't see
51. The 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold
B. will hold
C. will be held
D. held
52. Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes.
A. has been on
B. has begun
C. had begun
D. began
53. ----May I speak to Mr Smith? ----Sorry, he ____ Australia. But he ____ in two days.
A. has been to; will come back
B. has gone to; will be back
C. has been in; would come back
D. is leaving for; doesn't come back
54. I can't go to the theater tonight because I ____ my ticket.
A. have lost
B. had lost
C. will lose
D. was losing
55. ----What a nice bike! How long ____ you ____ it? ----Just two weeks.
A. have; bought
B. did; buy
C. have; had
D. are; having
56. ----I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only for a few minutes.
A. have come
B. had been
C. was
D. have been
57. ----____ my dictionary anywhere? ---- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.
A. Did you see
B. If you see
C. Had you seen
D. Would you see
58. We were all surprised when he mad it clear that he ____ office soon.
A. leaves
B. would leave
C. will leave
D. had left
59. Mrs Smith ____ her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ____ home.
A. has left; comes
B. left; had come
C. had left; would come
D. had left; came
60. ----What did your son say in the letter?
----He told me that he ____ the Disneyland the next day.
A. would visit
B. has visit
C. is going to visit
D. will visit
61. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving
B. is served
C. serves
D. served
62. ----Did you win the basketball game? ----Bad luck. Our team ____ in the end.
A. won
B. beat
C. was won
D. was beaten
63. I believe that those mountains ____ with trees in a few years.
A. are covered
B. will be covered
C. are covering
D. will cover
64. I like my new bike. It ____ very well.
A. rides
B. is riding
C. is ridden
D. has ridden
65. ----Do you think this kind of apple ____ well? ----No, I don't think so.
A. have sold
B. sells
C. are sold
D. would sell
66. I wasn't at home yesterday. I ____ to help with the harvest on the farm.
中考英语动词时态、语态以及非谓语形式专项训练（附答案） 1. Whe n he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _______ for 20 minu tes. A. has left B. had left C. has bee n away D. had bee n away 2. I _____ the League for 5 years so far. A. jo ined B. have joined C. have bee n in 3. The factory ________ si nee the February of 1988. A . has bee n ope n B. has ope ned C. was ope n D. ope ned 4. Mary and Rose _______ f riends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have bee n C. made D. have become 5. You must n't ______ un til he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6. The meeti ng _________ f or a week now. A. has fini shed B. has en ded C. has bee n over 7. Miss Gao ____ this school for n early 5 years. A. has bee n in B. has come to C. has taught 8. Be n ____ a teacher for 4 years . A. has bee n B. has become C. was D. became 9. I _____ home for a week. A. have retur ned B. have bee n back C. retur ned 10. How long ______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, bee n dead
语法填空（2011年全国高考时态语态非谓语动词汇编） 01.The next thing he saw was smoke (rise) from behind the house.（全国卷I） 02. If you don't like the drink that you ______(order), just leave it and try a different one.（全国卷II） 03. The island, _______ (join)to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. （全国卷II） 04. We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody (break)into the office during the night. （江西卷） 05. On receiving a phone call from his wife (say) she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. （江西卷） 06. Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. （福建卷） 07. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_______ (hold). 08. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they______ (receive)from China. (福建卷） 09. Look over there – there’s a very long, winding path (lead) up to the house.(山东卷) 10. When I got on the bus, I _____(realize)I had left my wallet at home. (山东卷) 11. She was surprised to find the fridge empty. The children _____ (eat)everything! (山东卷) 12. His first novel ( receive)good reviews since it came out last month.(陕西卷) 13．Claire had her luggage (check)an hour before her plane left. (陕西卷) 14. .More highways have been built in China, __(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (陕西卷) 15. Passengers are permitted (carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(天津卷） 16. ______ (translate)into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. .(天津卷） 17. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, (keep)on your feet.(北京卷) 18. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ (break)into small pieces.（安徽） 19. All visitors to this village _________ (treat) with kindness.(四川卷） 20. Simon made a big bamboo box (keep)the little sick bird till it could fly. (四川卷） 21. (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. (四川卷） 22. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son. (graduate) from college. (辽宁卷) 23. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ (raise)people’s concern over food safety. （重庆卷） 24. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_______ (remind) of his own dreams. 25. The ability _____( express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. （湖南卷） 26. The players ______(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game. 27. Do you wake up every morning _______(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day? （湖南卷） 28. It is the most instructive lecture that I _______(attend) since I came to this school. （湖南卷） 29. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _______(make) by science. （湖南卷） 30. Recently a survey _______(compare) prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. （江苏卷） 31. The rare fish, ______ (save)from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. （上海卷） 32. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam．Then I changed my mind, ______(realize) that he could do nothing to help. （上海卷） 33. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ______ (lose)the art of communicating face-to-face. （浙江卷） 34. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves (lose)for words. （浙江卷） 35. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city (cheer)by their enthusiastic supporters. （浙江卷）
动词非谓语形式 一．基本概念： 顾名思义，不担任谓语成分而担任其他语法功能的动词称为非谓语动词，有to do （动词不定式） / -ing （现在分词 / 动名词） / -ed （过去分词）三个形式。由于他们不受主语人称和数的限制，故也称为"非限定动词"。（学习中不要刻意去区分现在分词和动名词） 二．非谓语动词的时态和语态意义： 英语中动词有两大基本特征：时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词也是动词，当然也具备动词的这两大特征。 1. 时态概念：非谓语动词只有"过去、现在和将来"三个时间概念，他与谓语动词时态的区别是：谓语动词表示的是实际时间概念，如I am learning English.是指讲话的时候或那段时间里"我正在学英语"。而非谓语动词的"过去、现在和将来"是指相对于谓语动词而言的"过去、现在和将来"，即先于谓语动词的行为或状态称为"过去时"，与谓语动词的行为或状态发生在同一时间（段）的称为"现在时"，而发生在谓语动词的行为或状态之后的称为"将来时"。这个时间概念对于后面要讲的非谓语动词的句法功能是非常重要的。 2. 语态概念：与谓语动词一样，非谓语动词也有主动语态和被动语态之分。 也就是要记住四句话： (1) 表示将来时； (2) 表示现在时； (3) 表示过去时（一定是被动的） (4) 动词不定式的完成时表示过去时 非谓语动词的上述时态和语态概念是理解非谓语动词句法功能、应试判题和翻译的基础。 请你判断一下，下面句子中的非谓语动词是什么时态和语态： Your duty is to look after the sick child. (你的责任是照料这个病孩。将来/ 主动) The sick child needs to be looked after by a special person. (这个病孩需要专人照顾。将来 / 被动)
专题02 单项选择（动词(词组或短语)非谓语动词及动词时态及语态） 1. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】--I saw John in the park this morning.. --It _____be him. He has gone to HongKong. A. can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. must 【答案】A 【解析】句意：——今天早上我看见约翰在公园里。——不可能是他。他去香港了。考查情态动词辨析题。can’t不可能，表否定推测；can可以，表允许；C. mustn’t一定不要，表禁止；D. must一定是，表肯定推测。根据对句He has gone to HongKong.，结合句意语境，可知本句是否定推测，故选A。 2. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】Liu Changjian, the command pilot of Sichuan Airlines Flight 3U8633, successfully down the plane last month. A. has brought B. ill bring C. brought D. bring 【答案】C 3. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】---How is our government going to deal with the office building? --- It will be _____ a library. A. turned off B. turned on C. turned out D. turned into 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——我们的政府如何处理办公大楼？——它将变成一个图书馆。考查动词短语辨析题。A. turned off关掉（开关等）；B. turned on打开（开关等）；C. turned out…打扮；D. turned into变成。根据句意语境，可知前三个选项都与句意不合，故选D。 4. 【2018年江苏省宿迁市】This kind of pen _____, and is also very cheap. I think you can buy some. A. writes well B. writes good C. is written well D. is written good 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这种笔写得很好，也很便宜。我想你可以买一些。考查动词语态和副词辨析题。write写，动词，需用副词修饰，good是形容词，可排除BD两项。write这个动作是由pen发出的，不可用被动语态，可排除C项。根据句意结构和语境，可知选A。
语法（一）—动词时态语态 语法考点分析： 从句会占到7-9分，非谓语动词6-8分，这两块基本是15分；虚拟语气2-3分；时态与语态（主要是完成时）会有1分或情态动词的完成体1分，主谓一致1分。 从句中，重要考点是定语从句，定语从句会占到从句中3-4分，其中which引导的非限制性定语从句、只能用that引导定语从句必考；然后是名词性从句，其中主语从句中whether 与if 的区别、whoever的用法、that与what、whatever的区别是主要考点；还有that引导的同位语从句；状语从句中主要是as引导的让步状语从句、as(so) long as\unless\in case\since 的含义及用法、 no sooner…than…\ hardly…when…\ not…until…\ however的用法、比较级中的倍数问题等是必考的。 非谓语动词中现在分词与过去分词作状语、定语与表语的区别是必考的重点。 There is no good/use/point/sense doing…, It is no good /use doing…句型、admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, mind, recall, resent, resist,, risk, suggest等动词后跟动名词、分词作状语与分词独立结构的区别 虚拟语气，if引导一般虚拟条件句中对过去的假设、用should表虚拟、常用的虚拟语气句型：would rather, had rather, would as soon、It is (high/ about ) time（是……时候了）、动词wish后的虚拟语气、but for, lest, if only后的虚拟语气是重要考点。 主谓一致考点解析：就远法当主语与with, along with, accompanied by, in addition to, together with, including, as well as, like, besides, rather than。就近法not only…but also…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, nor、物主代词或不定代词作主语none, all, half, some, most, any, the rest, 百分数、分数作主语、（the）one of +复数名词+ who/ that / which引导的定语从句的谓语。 情态动词的完成体是情态动词的考点。 动词时态与语态考试重点：过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成时、现在完成进行的用法。 一、动词时态 动词时态与语态 考试重点：过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时的用法；when, until, as soon as, before, unless, if, once, in case等引导的时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来时；come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等动词用一般现在时表将来时；反义疑问
怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态 非谓语动词 非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。 动词不定式 1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done 完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing 2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成 分）。例如： 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important. 2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day. 3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn′t notice them come in. 注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, （其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.） help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in. 6）状语：in order to A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to 注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。 B．原因状语：I’m glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here. C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。 △在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work. 注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意， 如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. △在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work. 3．复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）
非谓语的时态语态 1、非谓语的时态取决于它与谓语动词的时间先后比，先与谓语动词用完成时，与谓 语动词同时或之后用一般式 2、非谓语的语态取决于与它相关名词的关系，主动用主动式，被动被动态。 Yaoming is said to have retired He pretended to be doing homework when his dad came in I’m sorry for keeping your waiting He narrowly escaped being run over Not 置于非谓语前 不定式注意事项： 1、too ……(to) 太……以至于不能…… ①：很，非常：too ……to 中，形容词为： Anxious , delighted , eager , easy , glad , kind , pleased , ready Surprised , willing , ②：too 前受or , but , not , never , only , quite , really 修饰 2、to 的省略 ①：感官使意动词后的宾补与主动态中to 省略。被动态中还原 ②：but , except , besides （to do 要做表语，主语有do 的某种形式） 前有do 后无to ，前无do 后有to You can’t do anything but wait You have no choice but to wait 不定式内容省略=保留to符号 Be afraid , expect , forget , hope ,intend , like , love mean , perfect , refuse , seem ,try , want , wish ,及形容词：glad , happy , pleased , delighted Are you a student?
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形 一、复习各种时态的被动语态 ★ 被动语态的基本结构：be+ done （以the book , publish 为例） 一般现在/过去时： The book is/ was p ublished 一般/过去将来时： The book will/would be p ublished The book is/was going to be p ublished 现在/过去进行时： The book is/was being p ublished 现在/过去完成时： The book has/had bee n p ublished 情态动词： The book can/could/may/might …be p ublished 二、不定式的被动式的基础知识： 1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done 2）完成式：（not/ never ）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前） 三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如： They say that Mike is sick in bed. =lt is said that Mike is sick in bed. =Mike is said to be sick in bed. 据说麦克卧床不起. People believe that he was killed. =It is believed that he was killed. =He is believed to have been killed. 大家相信他被杀了. 四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done). 语法功能： 1.作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here. 2.作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.
非谓语动词的时态和语态问题 一、非谓语动词的时态问题 不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则就用一般式。例： 1.I don’t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前，用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。 2.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前，用现在分词的完成式作状语，表示时间，相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。 3.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. (四川卷) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 【分析】答案选A。look out of the window与谓语动词said同时发生，用现在分词的一般式作状语，表示伴随情况。 若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，可用进行式。如：
一、非谓语动词的定义： 非限定动词，在句中不能单独作谓语，因此也叫非谓语动词，包括动词不定式（the infinitive）、动名词(the gerund）、现在分词（the Present participle）、过去分词（the Past Participle）四种形式。现把其用法辨析如下 非谓语动词的句法作用 （表一）
二．非谓语动词的时态和语态： 1．不定式的时态和语态 （表二）
（表三）
（表四）
通过上述几个表格的比较，我们可以知道四种非谓语动词的时态和语态形式，下面我们再总结一下：1．非谓语动词的否定式：一律直接在非谓语动词之前加not 即可。 例如：（1）The doctor advised me not to smoke. （2）I regret not having gone together with her. （3）Not having been there before, I don’t know the shortest way to the railway station. （4）Not educated well, he found it difficult to solve such a complicate problem. 2．非谓语动词的完成式： 不定式的否定式我们只要在原来不定式中的动词之前加have即可，然后把原来的动词变为它的过去分词即可，如to do→not have done. 而过去分词只有一种形式，即done. 下面我们重点来看现在分词和动名词的完成形式。现在分词和动名词完成形式是完全一样的，其变化规律是：一律在现在分词或动名词的一般式之前加having→having done，再把原来的现在分词或动名词变为它的过去分词。如stud y →having studied
动词的语态 一．语态的种类 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态，主语是动作的承受者为被动语态，即当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态， 此类动词有feel,hear,help,listen to look at ,make ,observe,see ,notice,watch 二．用主动式表示被动含义的几种情况 1.表示状态特征的连系动词look, appear,feel,smell,sound,taste,prove+adj/n构成 的系表结构 2.表示主语某种属性特征的动词:read, sell, write, act wash,clean wear,cook look,shut,dry,eat,drink,这类动词常和副词连用 3.表示开始，结束，运动的动词begin,start,finish,stop，end,shut等 4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动式表示被动意义 Print,build,cook,fry,hang,make 用非谓语动词的主动式表示被动意义 1.在want,need,require做需要时及动词deserve后面用动名词的主动式表示被动 意义 2.形容词worth后面常用动名词主动式表示被动 3.不定式在某些形容词 difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fi,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous等后做状语，构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主动式表示被动 4.不定式做名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，此时常用 主动式表被动意义 5.不定式to blame,to let,和动词remain等的主动式表示被动的含义 6.动词say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know consider,hope,prove等以it 作形式主语，后面接that从句 It’s said that he has come back from America 三．不用被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词或者短语不用被动语态
动词的时态和语态 第一部分近年高考题荟萃 2009年高考题 1. (09安徽28) The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced 答案C 2 (09北京24) … For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm. A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow 答案A 3. (09北京27) The way the guests _____ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service A. treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated 答案D 4. (09北京28) All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present ！ 答案D 5. (09北京34) ___ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 答案A 6. (09福建32) not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 答案B 解析考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语the manager，非谓语动词与句子主语是被动关系，且其表示的动作在谓语动词set out之前已经发生，非谓语动词用过去分词，选B。 、 7. (09福建34) In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
IV. 动词及时态,语态对比练习 Let Qisu help to improve your English! ①The workers ______a new hospital since the end of last year. ②The workers ______ a new hospital by the end of last year. A. have built B. have been building C. had built D. were bui lding ①I _____10 dollars on the dictionary. ②I _____10 dollars for the dictionary. ③The dictionary _____ me 10 dollars. A. took B. cost C. paid D. spent ①"You _______ be a bit tired. Why not stop to rest " ②"You _____ be so tired.You just started half an hourago." A. should B. can't C. must D. mustn't ①Jenny ______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed hermind. ②Jenny ______ have kept her word, I wonder why she didn't changeher mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would ①She ____ early before she came here. ②She ____early since she came here. A. used to get up B. has used to get up C. has been used togetting up D. used to getting up. ①We had thought what we did ______him. ②We had thought that we did_____him. A. satisfying B. satisfaction C. satisfied D. satisfy ①Mary will _____sure to go there tomorrow. ②Mary _____ sure to go there tomorrow. A. are B. be C. is D. does ①You _____wait until your father ______ back. ②You _____leave until you father____back. A. should…comes B. shouldn't…will come C. shouldn't…comes D.should…will come ①______ come if you have time. ②He _____ do it the other day. A. Do B. Does C. did D. Have
时态和非谓语动词真题再现 2005年 26、I don’t remember the boiler during these years. A、being repaired B、having been repaired C、to be repaired D、to have been repaired 47、I really appreciate to help me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself. A、you to offer B、that you offer C、your offering D、that you are offering 57、His remarks left me about his real purpose. A、wondered B、wonder C、to wonder D、wondering 60、Professor Wang, for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students. A、knowing B、known C、to be known D、having known 2006年 35. David’s expression, we’d better say he is not in a good mood today. A. To judge by B. Judged by C. To be judged by D. Judging by 53. too much to do, they have any money, so he had to postpone buying a house. A. Having B. Have C. Had D. Being 2007年 21. Mary is one of the brightest students who form New York University. A. graduated B. have graduated C. had graduated D. has graduated 29. from the hill-top, the lake scenery is beyond description. A. Seen B. Seeing C. To D. Having seen 35. Do not disturb me. I letters all morning and have written six so far. A. write B. am writing C. was writing D. have been writing 36. Teachers always tell their students that it is no good today’s work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. left D. leave 42. When a machine is , suitable materials must be chosen for its parts.
非谓语动词时态和语态的结构 1. 不定式有哪些时态和语态呢？ 主动被动 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing 无 完成时 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 无 2. 动名词的时态和语态 主动被动 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 3. 分词的时态和语态 主动被动 现在分词一般时 doing being done 现在分词完成时 having done having been done 过去分词无 done 中考英语非谓语动词总结 一．接动词不定式（ to do/ do sth） 1. do nothing but do sth除了做某事外不做任何事 2. be supposed to do sth应该做某事；被期望干某事 3. Let's (not ) do sth 4.want to do sth 5.want sb to do sth 7.ask sb (not ) to do sth 8.stop to do sth停下来去做某事 9.tell sb (not ) to do sth 10.watch sb do sth观察某人做某事 11.It's time (for sb) to do sth到了该去做某事的时间 12.help sb (to ) do sth 13.help do sth 14.make sb do sth 15.decide (not ) to do sth决定做某事 16.find it +adj + to do sth 17.have to do sth必须做某事 18.try (not ) to do sth尽力做某事 19.try one's best to do sth尽某人最大能力做某事 20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth 21.plan to do sth计划去做某事 22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth 23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间 24.send sb to do sth派某人做某事 25.invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事 26.forget to do sth忘记要去做某事 27.live to be +时间活到… 28.be able to do sth能够做某事 29.have sth to do 有事要做 30.seem to do sth似乎做；好像 31.get sb /sth to do sth 32.疑问词+ to do sth