三种非谓语动词的时态变化
一般式完成式进行式完成进行式
不定式主动to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 被动to be done to have been done--------to have been done
动名词主动doing having done----------被动being done having been done----------
现在主动doing having done-----------
分词被动being done having been done-------------
过去主动-------------------------
分词被动done--------------------
一．非谓语动词的否定，在非谓语动词结构的前面+not
二．如何确定非谓语动词的时态和语态的变化
三． 1.非谓语动词的时态，要根据和谓语动词的先后关系确定的。先于谓语动词，用完成式；强调同时发生，用进行式；其他多用一般式；表将来，多用不定式。
2.非谓语动词的语态，根据相应句子成分的主动、被动关系来确定：
作表语 ----- 和主语的关系做作宾语 ------和主语的关系
作定语 ----- 和所定名词的关系作宾补 ---------和宾语的关系
作主补 ----- 和主语的关系作状语 ---------和全句主语的关系
3.非谓语主动表被动的情况，见主动表被动部分
谓语动词有 16种时态变化
一般进行完成完成进行
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
能以 do 为例，完成上面的表格吗？
★☆英语动词不规则变化表☆★ ★记忆法一：常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下 一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个） cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let— let put—put—put read—read—read set—set—set shut—shut—shut 二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个） 1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（3个） bring—brought—broug ht buy—bought—bought think—thought—thought 2. 词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent 3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个）catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught 4把-eep变为-ept。（3个） keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept 5把-ell变为-old。（2个） tell—told—told sell—sold—sold 6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个）smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt spill—spilt—spilt 7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个）learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt 8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个） say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard 9改变元音字母。（11个） meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find— found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine— shone—shone win—won—won
注：“~”表示在动词原形后直接加ing
英语寓言故事:The Farmer and the Stork农夫和鹳 A farmer placed nets on his newly-sown plowlands and caught a number of Cranes, which came to pick up his seed. With them he trapped a Stork that had fractured his leg in the net and was earnestly beseeching the Farmer to spare his life. "Pray save me, Master," he said, "and let me go free this once. My broken limb should excite your pity. Besides, I am no Crane, I am a Stork, a bird of excellent character; and see how I love and slave for my father and mother. Look too, at my feathers-- they are not the least like those of a Crane." The Farmer laughed aloud and said, "It may be all as you say, I only know this: I have taken you with these robbers, the Cranes, and you must die in their company." Birds of a feather flock together. 农夫在刚刚播种的田里布下许多网，许多来吃种子的鹤都被捉住了，并捉到一只鹳，鹳的腿被网折断了，它哀求农夫说：“饶了我吧，可怜可怜我吧。我又不是鹤，而是一只鹳，我是性情优美的鸟。你瞧，我多么孝顺父母，为他们辛勤劳作，再仔细看看我的羽毛，与鹤也完全不同。”农夫大笑说：“你说的话也许不错；但我只知道，你和这些偷吃种子的鹤一起被捉到，那末你就得和他们一起死。” 这是说物以类聚，人以群分。
人教版初中英语动词不规则变化表（完整版） 不规则动词分为几个类型，每个类型中又分若干组，每组中各词变化形式的共同点，以帮助记忆。 1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词 cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打 let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读 hurt hurt hurt 伤 2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形） 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词 beat beat beaten 打 3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形） 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词 come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑 4. A ---B ---B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词 burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习 mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见 （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词 build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费 （3）其他 动词原形（现在式）过去式过去分词 pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 think thought thought 想
常用动词不规则变化 中文原形动词过去式过去分词 1 出现，升起arise arose arisen 2 开始begin began begun 3 吹blow blew blown 4 打断break broke broken 5 选择choose chose chosen 6 做do did done 7 画draw drew drawn 8 喝drink drank drunk 9 开车，驾驶drive drove driven 10 吃eat ate eaten 11 落下fall fell fallen 12 飞fly flew flown 13 冻结freeze froze frozen 14 给give gave given 15 去go went gone 16 长大grow grew grown 17 知道know knew known 18 误解，弄错mistake mistook mistaken 19 成长速度超outgrow outgrew outgrown 20 骑ride rode ridden 21 响铃ring rang rung 22 上升rise rose risen 23 看see saw seen 24 摇shake shook shaken 25 唱sing sang sung 26 下沉，沉没sink sank sunk 27 说speak spoke spoken 28 偷steal stole stolen 29 发誓swear swore sworn 30 游泳swim swam swum 31 拿take took taken 32 撕，扯破tear tore torn 33 扔throw threw thrown 34 穿wear wore worn 35 写write wrote written 以下各词过去式与过去分词相同 36 弯曲bend bent bent 37 捆bind bound bound 38 带来bring brought brought
三种非谓语动词的时态变化 一般式完成式进行式完成进行式 不定式主动to do to have done to be doing to have been doing 被动to be done to have been done -------- to have been done 动名词主动doing having done ------ ---- 被动being done having been done ----- ----- 现在主动doing having done ----- ------ 分词被动being done having been done ------ ------- 过去主动------ ------ ------ ------- 分词被动done ------ ------ -------- 一．非谓语动词的否定，在非谓语动词结构的前面+not 二．如何确定非谓语动词的时态和语态的变化 三． 1.非谓语动词的时态，要根据和谓语动词的先后关系确定的。先于谓语动词，用完成式；强调同时发生，用进行式；其他多用一般式；表将来，多用不定式。 2.非谓语动词的语态，根据相应句子成分的主动、被动关系来确定： 作表语-----和主语的关系做作宾语------和主语的关系 作定语-----和所定名词的关系作宾补---------和宾语的关系 作主补-----和主语的关系作状语---------和全句主语的关系 3.非谓语主动表被动的情况，见主动表被动部分 谓语动词有16 种时态变化 一般进行完成完成进行 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 能以do 为例，完成上面的表格吗？
不规则动词表及记忆方法 一、AAA型（原形→原形→原形） 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 read read read 读 cut cut cut 切，割 let let let 让 put put put 放 cost cost cost 花费，值 hit hit hit 撞，击 set set set 安排，安置 hurt hurt hurt 使…伤痛 他安排（set）受撞击（hit）伤痛（hurt）的我读（read）放（put）在那里的书，我把书割（cut）坏了，但他没让（let）我花钱（cost） 二、ABA型（原形→过去式→原形） 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 become became become 成为 come came come 来 run ran run 跑 想成为（become）英语达人就得跑（run）过来（come） 三、ABC型 1. ow →ew →own 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 blow blew blown 吹 draw drew drawn 画 grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道 fly flew flown 飞 我知道（know）我有一幅画，上面画（draw）着一课正在生长（grew）却被吹（blow）飞（fly）的蒲公英 2. i→a →u 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝 sing sang sung 唱 swim swam swum 游泳 ring rang rung 打电话
有个人很喜欢这幅画，于是他开始（begin）打电话（ring）问我要，还请我唱歌（sing）喝酒（drink）游泳（swim） 3. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 wear wore worn 穿 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 speak spoke spoken 说 freeze froze frozen 冻 choose chose chosen 选择 我选择（choose）把画给他的那天天气不好，他说（speak）：忘记（forget）穿（wear）外套，冻（freeze）得跟狗一样。 4. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 eat ate eaten 吃 forbid forbade forbidden 禁止 give gave given 给 ride rode ridden 骑 see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写 fall fell fallen 落下 take took taken 拿 我是骑（ride）车过来见他，他看见（see）我之后拿（take）了吃（eat）的给（give）我，但我却把画落（fall）家里了，于是，他写（write）了一张：禁止（forbid）再忘的纸条给我。 四、ABB型 1. 原形→ought →ought 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买 fight fought fought 打架 think thought thought 思考 2. 原形→aught →aught 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思 catch caught caught 捉,抓 teach taught taught 教 3. 变其中一个元音字母 原形过去式过去分词汉语意思
怎么区别动词非谓语动词的时态 非谓语动词 非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。 动词不定式 1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done 完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done 进行式to be doing 2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成 分）。例如： 1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important. 2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day. 3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall? Can you give us some advice on what to do next? 宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first. I didn′t notice them come in. 注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to, （其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth.） help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth. 定语：不定式位于所修饰的名词，代词之后，如：Who was the first one to set to the top of the hill yesterday? /He is the man to depend on/to believe in. 6）状语：in order to A．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English. to 注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。 B．原因状语：I’m glad to see you . 注：这种“be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，其不定式有时也可视为宾语，如：He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here. C．结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们一直活到见到家乡解放。 △在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”，如：He is too weak to do the work. 注：too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意，此时不定式不再表否定意，而表肯定意。如：They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 另外，too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时，不定式也表肯定意， 如：She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street. △在“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中表“足以能…”，如：He is strong enough to do the work. 3．复合结构不定式（for sb. to do sth.），可作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。for 本身无意义，sb.可称之为不定式的逻辑主语。例如：I think it necessary for him to go there at once.（复合结构不定式作宾语）
英语常用不规则动词正版完整版 一、规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有： 1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned 2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married 二、不规则动词变化，大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法： 1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat 2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt 4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew 5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt 6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank 1.AAA 动词原形过去式过去分词现在分词词义 bet bet bet betting 赌 broadcast broadcast broadcast ~ 广播.播放.播送 burst burst burst ~ 爆炸.突然发作 cast cast cast 抛 cost cost cost ~ 花费 cut cut cut cutting 割，切 forecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted 预测，预报 hurt hurt hurt ~ 受伤 hit hit hit hitting 打，撞 let let let letting 让 put put put putting 放下 read read read ~ 读 rid rid rid ridding 使摆脱.使去掉 saw sawed sawed / sawn ~ 锯 set set set setting 安排，安置 spread spread spread ~ 展开，传播，涂 spit spat spat spitting 吐痰, shut shut shut shutting 关上.停止营业 split split split splitting 使分裂（成不同的派别），分开，分担，分摊 spread spread spread 传播，扩散，展开，散布quit quit / quitted quit / quitted 放弃
非谓语动词的时态和语态问题 一、非谓语动词的时态问题 不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则就用一般式。例： 1.I don’t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前，用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。 2.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前，用现在分词的完成式作状语，表示时间，相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。 3.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. (四川卷) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 【分析】答案选A。look out of the window与谓语动词said同时发生，用现在分词的一般式作状语，表示伴随情况。 若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，可用进行式。如：
( 原形→过去式→过去分词)
常见动词用法辨析 (1)“Why not+动词原形+…?”(干嘛不……?)是简略句,完全形式是：Why don’t you+ 动词原形+…?如：Why not go and have a look?(干嘛不去看看？)/ Why not try it once again?(为什么不再试试？) (2) seem(好象)的用法：记住几个结构：①sb./sth. + seem + (to be+)形容词+…； ②sb./sth. + seem + like +…；③sb/sth + seem + to (do)；④It seems that + 从句。如：He seemed (to be) very happy when he was called by the headmaster. (被校长叫到名字时他好象很开心) / It seems that nobody else could do such a foolish thing except Jim. (除了吉姆好象没有什么人会做出如此愚蠢的事情 来) (3)be afraid(害怕)的用法：记住几个结构：①be afraid of sth; be afraid of (doing); ②be afraid to (do); ③be afraid that+从句。如：She is a little afraid of snakes.(她有点怕蛇)/ Don’t be so afraid to stay at home alone at night.(别害怕晚上一个人在家)/ I’m afraid that somebody will take his place because of his serious mistakes.(恐怕有人要取代他了,因为他犯了那么大的错误) (4) be sorry(抱歉)的用法：记住几个结构：①be sorry for (sth); ②be sorry for (doing sth); ③be sorry to (do); ④be sorry that+从句。如：I am very sorry for keeping you waiting so long.(不好意思让你久等了)I am sorry to trouble you.(对不起,麻烦你了)/ I am sorry (that) he isn’t here at the moment.(恐怕他现在不在) (5)be sure (确信)的用法：记住几个结构：①be sure of (sth); ②be sure to(do); ③be sure that+从句。如：She told me many times that she was sure to come.(她 给我讲过多次她一定会来的) / Are you sure of your answer?Maybe it’s wrong.(你对你的答案有把握吗？也许是错的。)/ I am sure that Dad will help me with the job.(我确信爸爸会帮着我做这件事情的) (6) make与do的用法：一般情况下表示进行活动或者做工作用do,表示创造建构某事 物用make.如：I don’t know what to do.(我不知道该干什么)/ I’m not going to do any work.(我不准备做什么)/ My father and I once made a boat.(我和我爸曾经做过一只船) 此外还要记住一些固定说法：do good / harm / business / one’s best / a favour……
动词的语态 一．语态的种类 语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态，主语是动作的承受者为被动语态，即当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态， 此类动词有feel,hear,help,listen to look at ,make ,observe,see ,notice,watch 二．用主动式表示被动含义的几种情况 1.表示状态特征的连系动词look, appear,feel,smell,sound,taste,prove+adj/n构成 的系表结构 2.表示主语某种属性特征的动词:read, sell, write, act wash,clean wear,cook look,shut,dry,eat,drink,这类动词常和副词连用 3.表示开始，结束，运动的动词begin,start,finish,stop，end,shut等 4.少数动词用于进行时，其主动式表示被动意义 Print,build,cook,fry,hang,make 用非谓语动词的主动式表示被动意义 1.在want,need,require做需要时及动词deserve后面用动名词的主动式表示被动 意义 2.形容词worth后面常用动名词主动式表示被动 3.不定式在某些形容词 difficult,easy,hard,comfortable,pleasant,fi,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous等后做状语，构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主动式表示被动 4.不定式做名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，此时常用 主动式表被动意义 5.不定式to blame,to let,和动词remain等的主动式表示被动的含义 6.动词say,believe,report,announce,suppose,know consider,hope,prove等以it 作形式主语，后面接that从句 It’s said that he has come back from America 三．不用被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词或者短语不用被动语态
不规则动词变化表 不定式(Infinitive)过去式(Past Tense)过去分词(Past Participle) abide 居住abode, abided abode, abided alight 下车alighted, alit alighted, alit arise arose arisen awake 唤醒awoke/awaked awoken, awaked be 是was, were been bear 忍受bore borne, born(生，用于被动语态) beat 击打beat beaten become 变成became become befall 发生befell befallen beget 引起begot begotten, begot begin 开始began begun behold 注意看beheld beheld bend 鞠躬bent bent bereave 剥夺bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereft beseech 乞求besought, beseeched besought, beseeched beset 围攻beset beset bespeak 预约bespoke bespoken, bespoke bespread 铺盖bespread bespread bestrew 散放bestrewed bestrewed, bestrewn bestride 跨坐bestrode bestridden, bestrid, bestrode bet 打赌bet, betted bet, betted betake 前往betook betaken bethink 想起bethought bethought bid 出价bade, bid bidden, bid bide 忍受bode, bided bided bind 绑bound bound bite 咬bit Bitten（偶作bit） bleed 流血bled bled blend 混合blended, blent blended, blent bless 祝福blessed, blest blessed, blest blow 吹blew blown break 断开broke broken breed 产生bred bred bring 带来brought brought broadcast 广播broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted browbeat 严斥browbeat browbeaten build 建筑built built burn 燃烧burnt, burned burnt, burned
非谓语动词的时态和语 态问题 Company number：【WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】
非谓语动词的时态和语态问题 不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化. 一、非谓语动词的时态问题 不定式或动词的-ing形式(包括现在分词和动名词)的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式，否则就用一般式。例： 1.I don’t know whether you happen ________,but I’m going to study in the U. S. A. this September. (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前，用不定式的完成式。句意是：我不知道你是否已经听说过了，今年九月我要去美国学习。 2.The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前，用现在分词的完成式作状语，表示时间，相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。 3.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, ________ out of the window. (四川卷) A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 【分析】答案选A。look out of the window与谓语动词said同时发生，用现在分词的一般式作状语，表示伴随情况。 若表示不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调正在进行的情景或持续性，可用进行式。如： He seems to be reading a newspaper. 他好像在看报。 ? 二、非谓语动词的语态问题
扶弱资料（六） 非谓语动词 所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。 一、动词不定式: 1. 作主语: To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 2. 作表语: My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately. 3. 作宾语: He decided to buy a computer. 4. 作宾语补足语: Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer. [注]：在let, make, see, notice, hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and made everybody___________(laugh). 但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to. 如: We are made ________________(write) a composition every week by the teacher. 5. 作定语: He used to have a lot of meeting to attend. [注]：当出现the first / second / last / only /best时，常跟不定式作定语 He was the first man _____________ (get) to school this morning. 6. 不定式作状语:To see what would happen, we stayed there. 二、分词（现在分词和过去分词） 1.___________ (be) poor, he couldn’t go to school. 2.We are interested in _____________ ( play) chess. 3.The question _____________________ (discuss) now is important. 4.The boy was afraid of ____________________ (leave) alone at home. 5.____________________ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables. 注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前 （二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态） 规则的：V-ed ；不规则的（记不规则动词表） 1. The boy went home with his homework _______________ (finish). 2. ___________ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. 现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别： 现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩） 过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的花） 1. 作表语: The news is very exciting. / They are very excited at the news. 2. 作定语: Don’t disturb the sleeping child. / The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.
动词过去式、过去分词不规则变化 1、ABC型 be(am,is,are)-------was/were-------been （是） bear-------bore-------born （出生）begin-------began-------begun （开始） blow-------blew-------blown （吹） break-------broke-------broken （打破）choose-------chose-------chosen （选择） do-------did-------done （做） draw-------drew-------drawn （画画） drink-------drank-------drunk （喝） drive-------drove-------driven （驾驶） eat-------ate-------eaten （吃） fall-------fell-------fallen （掉，落下）fly-------flew-------flow （飞） forget-------forgot-------forgotten （忘记）forgive-------forgave-------forgiven （原谅）freeze-------froze-------frozen （使冻冰）give-------gave-------given （给） get-------got-------gotten (got) （得到）go-------went-------gone （去） grow-------grew-------grown （生长，种植）hide-------hid-------hidden （隐藏）know-------knew-------known （知道） lie-------lay-------lain （躺，座落于）mistake-------mistook-------mistaken （犯错）ride-------rode-------ridden （骑） ring-------rang-------rung （打电话）rise-------rose-------risen （升起） see-------saw-------seen （看见）shake-------shook-------shaken （摇动）show-------showed-------shown （展示）sing-------sang-------sung （唱歌）sink-------sank-------sunk （沉没）speak-------spoke-------spoken （说）steal-------stole-------stolen （偷）swim-------swam-------swum （游泳）take-------took-------taken （带走）throw-------threw-------thrown （扔）wake-------woke-------woken （叫醒）wear-------wore-------worn （穿着）
不定式过去式过去分词基本意义bend bent bent使变曲 bring brought brought带来；引起；产生buy bought bought购买；采购catch caught caught接住；抓住；赶上；染上deal dealt dealt分配；分给 dig dug dug挖（土）；掘地feel felt felt触摸（某物）；感觉到fight fought fought搏斗；奋斗；斗争；find found found发现；找到； get got got/gotten收到；接到；得到；成为have had had有；吃；喝；进行；经受hear heard heard听见；听说；得知hold held held拿住；抓住；抱；举行keep kept kept留下；保留；继续lay laid laid放置；产（卵）leave left left离开；把……留下；剩下 learn learnt learned learnt learned 学；学习；获悉；得知 lend lent lent借出；借给
lose lost lost失去；丧失；损失 make made made做；制作；制造；使得meet met met遇见；碰见；相遇babysit babysat babysat照顾婴儿 pay paid paid付钱；给……报酬 say said said说，讲 sell sold sold卖；销售 shine shone shone发光；照耀；照射 sit sat sat坐；就座 sleep slept slept睡，睡觉；睡着 smell smelt smelt闻出；嗅；发出气味spend spent spent用（钱）；花（时间）；度过stand stood stood站立；直立；位于；经受teach taught taught教，教授；传授 tell told told告诉；讲述；吩咐 think thought thought想，思考，认为understand understood understood懂；理解；领会win won won赢；获胜；赢得，获得build built built建筑，建造 feed fed fed喂养 hang hung hung悬挂，吊 sweep swept swept打扫