(完整版)不定式的时态和语态

不定式的时态和语态总结归纳不定式的时态和语态:时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done进行式 to be doing完成式 to have done to have been done完成进行式 to have been doing不定式的用法:1 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.4 完成进行时：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.单项选择：1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.A. don’tB. notC. will notD. not to2. My mother often tells me _______so many mistakes.A. not to makeB. to not makeC. don’t makeD. not make3. Tell him _______ the window.A. to shut 关notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but hismother told him ______. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to5. Mrs Smith warned警告 her daughter ________ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC. never drivingD. never drive6. The doctor asked the patient ____rich food after the operation手术.A. to eat notB. eating notC. not to eatD. not eating7. The workers want us ________ together with them.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked8. I saw him _______ out of the room.A. goB. wentC.is goingD. goes9. He often makes his little sister _____,A. cryB. cryingC. criedD. to cry10 There’re so many kinds of new bikes on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____ to buy.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where11. He can’t decide ______ to stay or not.A. whetherB. ifC. eitherD. if he will12. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. turned it off13. We agreed _________ here.A. metB. meetingC. to meetD. meet14. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.A. make friend withB. make friends ofC. make friendsD. make friends with 15. Go on ________ the other exercise after you finishthis one.A. to doB. doingC.doesD. did16. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rockA. restedB. restingC. to restD. rest17. Tom kept quiet about the accident because he was afraid of____ his job.A. loseB. to loseC. losingD. lost18. I need a day or two ________.A. to think it overB. to think overC. of thinking19. He was too excited _________.A. speakB. to speakC. not to speakD. speaking20. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. for eating21. --- I usually go there by train.--- Why not _______ by boat for a change ?A. to try goingB. trying to goC. to try and goD. try going22. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.A. spendB. spareC. saveD. share23. They won’t let his mother _______him in that way.A. to treatB. treatedC. treatD. treats24. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming. A. to take B. taking C. to bring D. bringing25. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.A. to have lunchB. to eatC. to eat atD. eating at26. Don’t forget _________ the letter .A. to sendB. sendC. sendingD. sent27. The chair looks very old, I want a new one _________ .A. sitB.to sit onC. satD.sit on28. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow ?A. thisB. thatC. itD. which29. I’m afraid they would not allow允许 him ________ here .A. to ... okeB. ... okingC. ... okesD. ... oke30. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it .A. boilingB. boiledC. boilD. to boil31. On my way home , I stopped _______ some food .A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought。

不定式的时态形式（1）
1、不定式的一般式to do 一般表示的动作与位于动词表示的动作 一般没有时间先后顺序
Example: I hope to finish reading the book tonight. 注：hope 和to finish 两个动作并没有先后之分
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
Summary
不定式 to do
时态 语态
to do to be doing to have done
主动 to do
被动 to be donr
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
Thank you
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
注：to have travelled 发生在appear 之前，在他看起来是这样 之前，他就已经旅行过很多次了
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件
exercise
1.refuse to＿pa＿rtic＿ipa(te participate) in this activity 2.It’s very happy to＿be＿ha＿ving(have) dinner with you. 3.You appear to＿ha＿ve r＿ead(read) a lot of books.
高考语法复习不定式的时态和语态（1 4页）- 精品PP T课件

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不定式的时态和语态
时态语态主动被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing
1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this .
I hope to see you again . = I hope that I ' ll see you again . 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I ' m sorry to have given you so much trouble .
He seems to have caught a cold .
3) 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something .
4) 完成进行时：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years .。

答: 动词不定式的时态和语.1.动词不定式的时.动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式, 一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式.动词不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的, 具体表现在.1)不定式的一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。

例如.M.parent.hav.mad.plan.t.spen.thei.holiday.i.Haina.nex.week.(t.spend发生在mad.plans之后.2)不定式的进行式表示其动作正在进行, 与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。

例如.s.night.sh.happene.t.b.doin.he.homework.3)不定式的完成式表达下列意义.(1)不定式的完成式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动作之前。

例如.The.ar.sai.t.hav.jus.finishe.cleanin.thei.bedrooms.(t.hav.jus.finished发生在the.ar.said所表示的时间之前.(2)不定式的完成式用在intended.expected.meant.hoped.promised.planned.wished.thought.desired.wa s.were等词后, 表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。

t.have+过去分词表示动作, t.hav.been表示状态。

例如..mean.t.hav.droppe.i.a.you.office.(但没来.(3)用在seem.appear.think.consider.believe等后, 表示动作先于另一个动作发生。

例如..see.t.hav.me.he.a..part.before.(met在seem之前发生.(4)在shoul.like或woul.like后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。

例如..woul.lik.t.hav.see.he.expressio.whe.sh.hear.th.news.(但没有看到.4)不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动作之前发生, 而且一直进行着。

动词不定式的时态与语态动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。

但动词不定式仍具有动词的性质，它不但可以有自己的宾语和状语，从而构成动词不定式短语，它还可以有时态和语态的变化，即一般式、进行式、完成式和被动式。

1.动词不定式的一般式动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。

I happened to be there. 我当时刚好在那里。

（同时发生）To catch the plane, you'd better hurry to the air port by taxi. 为了赶飞机，你最好赶紧乘出租车去机场。

（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）2.不定式的进行式动词不定式的进行式表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

Tom pretended to be reading the newspaper when his father came into the room. 他父亲走进房间时，汤姆装着在读报纸。

My brain doesn’t seem to be working well today.我的脑子今天似乎不大好使。

3.不定式的完成式动词不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。

I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. 我很抱歉让你久等了。

I meant t o have finished my work last night, but I didn't feel very well. 我本来想昨晚完成工作的，但是我感觉身体不舒服。

It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country. 对我来说，被邀请来你们国家是一件很荣幸的事情。

4.动词不定式的完成进行式动词不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直在进行。

E. 在but , except, besides后面时，如这些 介词前有实义动词do的各种形式，则后接 不带 to的不定式，否则带to: I have no choice but to accept the fact. What do you like to do besides swim. F.为了避免重复，不定式可省去 to I’m really puzzled what to think or say.
b. 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就应有必要的 介词： Give me a piece of paper to write on . He is looking for a room to live in. c.有些名词常用不定式作定语 Before liberation he had no chance to go to school. Our teacher had no time to think about rest. She was the first (person ) to think of the idea.
2. 不定式在句中的作用 动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征， 因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足 语、表语和主语等成份。 Ａ．作主语 To live is to work. To save time is to lengthen life.
不定式作主语时 不定式作主语时，表示具体的或一次 作主语 性的动作，特别是将来的动作。 性的动作，特别是将来的动作。有 时为了保持句子的平衡， 时为了保持句子的平衡，用it作形式 作形式 主语。 主语。
[例] If the building project _____ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined. A. being completed B. is completed C. to be completed D. completed [例] First he made a list of the names of those _________. Then he began to write the invitation cards. A. invited B. being invited C. to be invited D. having been invited

表示动作正在进行
进行时的不定式表示动作在说话时刻 正在进行或即将发生，强调动作的即 时性。
VS
例如，“I am going to the store” 表示“我正在去商店的路上”或“我 即将去商店”。
与现在分词的区别与联系
区别
现在分词作为非谓语动词的一种形式，可以表示主动或进行中的动作，而不定式则更多强调动作的未来性或即 时性。
2. 练习题
He pretended _______ when his mother came in.
练习题及答案解析
C. to be studying
B. studying A. to study
01
03 02
练习题及答案解析
D. to have studied
D. to have studied
04
不定式的进行时和完成时的比较
语义上的差异
进行时
表示动作正在进行或即将发生，强调 动作的过程或持续性。
完成时
表示动作已经完成或实现，强调动作 的结果或状态。
使用上的注意事项
进行时
常用于表示正在进行的动作或即将发生的动作，与表示时间的词语（如now, at the moment等）连用。
完成时
在句子中，完成时的不定式可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等成分。
表示动作已完成或结果已实现
完成时的不定式强调动作已经完成或结果已经实现，与现在完成时的意义相似。
例如：“I am glad to have finished my homework.”（我很高兴完成了作业。）
与过去分词的区别与联系
表示动作在谓语动作之前已经完成。其结构为“to have + 过去分词”，如“to have done”。

No harm seems to have been done. 似乎并没有造成损害。（作表语） I wish to be sent to work in the country. 我希望被派往乡下工作。（作宾语） In 1924 Nellie Taylor Ross of Wyoming became the first woman to be elected governor in the United States. 1924年，怀俄明州的内利· 泰勒· 罗斯成为美国第一位当选 州长的妇女。（作定语） I had to shout to be heard. 我大声呼喊以便能被听得见。（作状语） He did not like his intention to be laughed at. 他不喜欢他的意图被人取笑。（作宾语补足语） It’s a great honour to be invited to Mary’s birthday party. 被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会十分荣幸。（作主语）
(3) 不定式的进行式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同 时发生。 My supervisor happened to be correcting my dissertation when I came in. 当我进来的时候，碰巧我的导师在修改我的论文。 They seemed to be discussing something important. 他们似乎在讨论重要的事情。 (4) 不定式的完成式通常表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之 前完成。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。 （to have kept发生在am所表示的时间之前） Robert is said to have written a book on war on Iraq. 听说罗伯特写了一本关于伊拉克战争的书。 （to have written 发生在is said 所表示的时间之前）

巩固练习
1. Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and__D____.
A.need to be repairing B. repairing is required of them C. require that they be repaired. D. need to be repaired. 解析：and并列谓语动词， need to be repaired相当 于need repairing.
动词不定式
1.作主语 2.作宾语
1. 动词不定式 的用法
3.作定语 4.作表语 5.作宾补
6.作状语
2.动词不定式的时态和语态
3.
1. 动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三
人称单数。
To get there by car will take a whole day.
How to get enough money is still a question.
2.— I wish you had brought your family with you.
— I’ll get them ___B____ next time.
A. coming
B. to come
C. come
D. have come
解析：使役动词get后跟带to的动词不定 式作宾补，let，make, have后跟省to的 动词不定式作宾补。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作 动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符 号 “to”，如：

不定式的用法和动词不定式的时态动词不定式是英语语法中的一种形式，它由不定式标志to加上动词的原形构成。

不定式在句子中可以充当名词、形容词或副词，具有一定的时态和语态。

一、不定式的基本用法1. 作主语：动词不定式可以在句子中作主语，表示某种动作、状态或观点。

- To learn a foreign language is important.- To be honest is always appreciated.2. 作宾语：动词不定式可以作及物动词的宾语，表示及物动词的动作或含义。

- I want to travel around the world.- She decided to quit her job.3. 作表语：动词不定式可以作系动词的表语，表示主语的身份、职业、特点等。

- Her dream is to become a doctor.- The important thing is to keep calm in any situation.4. 作定语：动词不定式可以修饰名词或代词，表示名词或代词的用途、目的等。

- I have a book to read.- We have a meeting to attend tomorrow.5. 作状语：动词不定式可以在句中作状语，表示目的、原因、结果、时间等。

- He exercises every day to stay healthy. (目的)- She cried so hard as to lose her voice. (结果)二、动词不定式的时态动词不定式有两种时态：一般时和完成时。

1. 一般时不定式：使用动词的原形表示不定式的一般时态。

- I hope to visit my grandparents next week.- She likes to read books in her free time.2. 完成时不定式：使用动词的完成时形式，由“to have + 动词的过去分词”构成。