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复合句的讲解

复合句的讲解
复合句的讲解

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复合句的讲解:

一.概念:复合句(Complex Sentence)分为并列复合句和从属复合句,并列复合句是有并列连词:and、or、but连接;从属复合句由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。用疑问词作引导词,主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。

二,分类:从属复合句可分为:

1).定语从句(The Attributive Clause);

2).状语从句(The Adverbial Clause);

3).名词性从句(The Noun Clause);

2.定语从句的定义:定语从句在句中作定语,用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词。

2.2先行词和引导词被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词;

在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。

引导词分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。

2.3关系代词和关系副词

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

关系副词有:when, where, why。注意:关系副词里面没有how。

如果要修饰方式,用that或in which引导,或者不用引导词。

I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。

关系代词:who

关系代词who在从句中主要作主语,在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。

He is the man who wants to see you.

2.5关系代词:whom

He is the man (whom)I saw in the park yesterday. (whom在从句中作宾语)

2.6关系代词:whose

whose 用来指人或物,(只能用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。

Please pass me the book whose cover is green. (of which the cover/the cover of which)

2.7关系代词:which(1)

which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。

They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.

The farm (which)we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.

2.8关系代词:which(2)

当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下,一般情况下要选which:

1.在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词,而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。

2. 修饰整个主句。

I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.

3. 修饰谓语部分。

He can swim in the river, which I cannot.

4. 介词+ which They are all questions to which there are no answers.

2.9关系代词:that(1)

that多用来指物,有时也可以用来指人;在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that,也可用which。

It’s a question that(which)needs careful consideration. (指物,作主语。)

Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree? (指人,作主语。)

The girl (that)we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister. (指人,作宾语,可省略。)

2.10关系代词:that(2)

在以下的情况中,只能用that作引导词,而不能用which作引导词。

1. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。

All(that)she lacked was training.

2. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

3. 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时

4. 先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited。

5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复时

3状语从句

3.1地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。

如:Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

3.2方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。

如Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。("正如…","就像",)

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。

He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。

(as if, as though"仿佛……似的","好像……似的",)

3.3原因状语从句

比较:because, since, as和for

1)because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或since。

I didn't go, because I was afraid.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.

2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原

因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for。

He is absent today, because / for he is ill.

He must be ill, for he is absent today.

3.4目的状语从句

表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导,例如:

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.

3.5结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so… that 或such…that引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so 和such与其后的词的搭配规律。

比较:so和such

其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组,so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用,形成固定搭配。

So foolish, such a fool So nice a flower, such a nice flower

So many / few flowers, such nice flowers So much / little money, such rapid progress

So many people, such a lot of people

(so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 虽相当于many,但a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配。)

so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。

The boy is so young that he can't go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

3.6条件状语从句

连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.

if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not.

Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.

3.7让步状语从句

though, although

注意:当有though, although时,后面的从句不能有but,但是though 和yet可连用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.

3) ever if, even though. 即使

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.

4) whether…or- 不管……都

Whether you believe it or not, it is true.

5) "no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"

No matter what happened, he would not mind.

Whatever happened, he would not mind.

替换:no matter what = whatever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 8时间状语从句:比较while, when, as

1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。

Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.

2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或while。

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

3)从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while。

As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏。

4.名词性从句(主语,表语,同位语,宾语)

4.1宾语从句(The Object Clause)

·宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语,作短语动词的宾语,介词的宾语。

·宾语从句:及物动词的宾语Every body knows that money doesn't grow on trees.

·宾语从句:短语动词的宾语Please go and find out when the train will arrive.

·宾语从句:介词的宾语I am interested in what she is doing.

·宾语从句:否定的转移I don't suppose you're used to this diet. 我想你不习惯这种饮食。

I don't believe she'll arrive before 8. 我相信她8点之前不会到。

4.2表语从句(The Predicative Clause)

·表语从句:在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。

What the police want to know is when you entered the room.

This is what we should do. That's why I want you to work there.

as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句。

She seems as if she had done a great thing. It is because you eat too much.

·虚拟语气:表语从句

主语是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作表语从句的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。

My suggestion is that we (should)go and help him.

Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.

.4.3同位语从句(The Appositive Clause)

·同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事实),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;观念),promise(承诺),information(信息),conclusion(结论),order(命令),suggestion(建议),problem(问题),thought (想法)等后面。例如:

I had no idea that you were here.

She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.

He made a promise that he would never come late.

·同位语从句:whether

whether可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。

He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.

I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.

·同位语从句:what what可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用what作为引导词

I have no idea what he is doing now.

·同位语从句:how how可以引导同位语从句,而定语从句不能用how作为引导词It’s a question how he did it

4.4主语从句:

主语从句在句中作主语,他的位置与陈述句基本结构中得主语相同。

如:Who did the work is unknown. 这件工作是谁做的,大家都不知道。

Whether he will accept the invitation is not clear. 他是否接受邀请还不清楚。

还有it 可以作为形式主语:

It is strange that she did not come yesterday.很奇怪,她昨天没有来。

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doing my homework or not at that time ④宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not, I can`t say ⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week. ⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether The question was whether he went there last night 只用if的情况 ①引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked me if I had`t finished my homework ②引导条件状语从句时,if意为“如果” We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow ⑵语序关 ①宾语从句若为陈述句,语序不变 ②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,语序还原为陈述语序 ⑶时态关 ①如果主句是现在的时态,从句时态据实际情况而定 ②如果主句是过去某种时态,从句时态一定变为过去某时态 注意:宾语从句表述的是客观真理,自然现象时,只能用一般现在时 3.人称变化: 4.从句简化 ⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式

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再根据句意来选择合适的引导词:选项C:他为什么离开,答语应为离开的原因;选项B:他什么时候离开的.答语应为离开的时间,且为过去的时间.选项D:他将什么时候离开,答语为离开的时间,且为将来的时间.根据答语可排除C,B选项; 最后根据时态检验,主句为Could you tell me为一般现在时,从句时态可根据自身情况选择,根据答语知为将来的时间,故用一般将来时.故选D. 3、(?北京)-Can you tell me ? -He lives in Shanghai.( ) A.where Mark lives B.where does Mark live C.where Mark lived D.where did Mark live 【考点】宾语从句. 【分析】--你能告诉我Mark住在哪里吗? --他住在上海. 【解答】答案:A 根据Can you tell me ?再结合选项,可知Can you tell me后面是跟一个宾语从句,宾语从句中应该用陈述语序,即主语+谓语,所以排除B,D.再根据He lives in Shanghai.是说现在他住在上海.可知是一般现在时,故排除C.故选:A. 4、(?达州)----Could you tell me___Zhang Aiping's hometown? ----The day after tomorrow,I think.( ) A.when will you visit B.when you will visit

2020届中考英语二轮复习《第1讲简单句并列句复合句》讲义-最新整理

简单句、并列句、复合句 【知识点睛】 一、句子分类 ____________(____________________________)____________________________________________(_____________________)?????????????? ??? ?????? 、、、 按分 句子按分 、、  二、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 陈述句:用于说明事实或说话人的看法 疑问句:用于提问 祈使句:用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等 感叹句:用于表达强烈的感情 (一)陈述句 有肯定和否定两种形式,多以句号结尾,读降调。 陈述句的否定式: 1. be 的否定式(be 作系动词和助动词) 2. 助动词、情态动词的否定式 3. 除not 外,其他否定词也可以构成否定句 1) 用no 表示,no = not any/a 2) never 从不,决不,永不 seldom 很少 hardly 几乎不 3) little, few 几乎没有 4) no one/nobody 没有人 5) nothing 什么也没有 6) neither of…没有什么(两者都不);none of…没有任何,什么都没有(三者或三者以上都不) 7) too…to…太……以至于不能…… (二)疑问句 1. 一般疑问句 (1)用什么词提问,用什么词回答。 —Are you a student? 你是一个学生吗? —Yes, I am. 是的,我是。/—No, I ’m not. 不,我不是。 (2)否定的一般疑问句往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。(注意yes/no 的翻译) —Don’t you watch TV at night? 你晚上不看电视吗? —Yes, I do. 不,我看电视。/—No , I don’t. 是的,我不看电视。 (3)用其他词语代替yes/no ,使语气更客气、委婉。 —Can you go to the movies with me? 你能和我一起去看电影吗?

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【专题八】主从复合句(状从、名从和定从) 【考点分析】 状语从句 1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别; 2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词,引导的时间状语从句; 3.before,和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型; 4.till和until的用法; 5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法; 6.结果状语从句中“so…that”与“such…that”的区别; 7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法; 8.“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词”引导从句的用法; 9. in case引导的状语从句; 10.where引导的状语从句; 11.once引导的状语从句。 12.与祈使句、定语从句、名词从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

名词从句 1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别; 2.名词从句的语序和时态; 3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况; 4.宾语从句的否定转移; 5.whether和if的用法区别; 6.what在名词性从句中的使用; 7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用; 8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别; 9.连接词that的省略; 定语从句 1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别; 2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别; 3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别; 4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查; 5. such…as与such…that的区别;the same…as与the same…that的区别; 6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查; 7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略; 8.含有插入语的定语从句; 9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

初中英语复合句中考专项讲解与练习

一、 宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句,中考主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、语序 和时态 1、宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词有三种:1)that ;2)whether/ if ;3)特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who 等。 He said that he could help me. Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin ? (1) that 引导的宾语从句: that 引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that 没有实际意义,不在从句中作 任何成分, that 可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。 He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。 (2)whether 或if 引导的宾语从句: 从属连词if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,变成从 句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。 Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 注意:以下情况一般只用whether 不用if 。 ① 接带to 的动词不定式。 She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. 她不知道是不是去动物园。 ② 与or not 连用时。 I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time. 他能否准时来,我说不准。 (3)疑问词引导的宾语从句: 此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序,由wh-开头的疑问词 引导。wh-词包括who, whom, whose, what, which 等连接代词和where, when, how, why 等 连接副词,这些引导词有各自的意思,在从句中要作相应的成分,不能省略。例如: Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 2、宾语从句的三个注意事项 1)语序:宾语从句要用陈述语序,原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和 动词的变化等。 把这两个简单句合成一个复合句: 鹰击长空—基础不丢

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