大学英语跨文化案例分析(1)
大学英语跨文化案例分析
随着全球化的不断发展，人们越来越需要掌握一门跨文化交际的语言，其中英语成为了全球最为流行和普及的一门语言。然而，由于不同国
家的文化和价值观差异，跨文化交际中会经常出现一些不同的沟通困
难和误解。本文将通过具体案例，分析大学英语跨文化交际中存在的
问题和解决方法。
案例一：美国职场礼仪
在美国的职场中，有一些不同于中国的礼仪和行为准则。比如，经理
会给你一个紧握握手表示尊重；上司可能会询问你的周末情况，但实
际上只是礼貌问问，并不需要你详细表述；打招呼时要称呼对方的全
名或姓氏。
但是，在中国，这样的行为可能会让人感到奇怪和不适应，因为中国
人通常会用亲密的称呼来打招呼，例如“小李”、“阿姨”等。因此，如果中国人在美国工作，需要适应和学习美国职场的礼仪和行为准则，否则可能会给人留下不尊重和不礼貌的印象。
解决方法：学习当地的文化和礼仪，与当地人交流交流，多观察和感
受当地的职场氛围和行为准则。
案例二：英美文化差异
英美文化有很多的相同之处，但也有许多的差异。其中，最为显著的
是它们的价值观和思维方式不同。英国人通常更加注重中庸之道和保
守，而美国人则更加强调个人的自由和创新。
这种差异在英美文学中也可以痕迹可见，英国文学中通常会强调传统
与历史，如莎士比亚的剧作，而美国文学则更加关注未来和个人的探索，如海明威和塞林格的小说。
解决方法：在学习英美文化过程中，要注意区分不同的价值观和思维
方式，尊重当地的文化，并且不要将自己的思维方式强加给当地人。
案例三：语言交际难题
由于英语是一门外语，而且在不同国家中有着不同的口音和表达方式，因此在跨文化交际中，语言交际难题经常会出现。例如，在英国，约
会被称为“date”，而在美国，约会则称为“going out”。这种名称
差异可能会导致沟通上的不便。
解决方法：在跨文化交际中，要尽量使用标准化、通用的语言和表达
方式，避免使用某个特定国家的方言和特色词汇。
总结：
跨文化交际不仅是语言沟通的问题，更是文化和价值观的交换和理解。了解和尊重不同国家的文化和价值观，避免强加自己的思维方式和行
为准则，是跨文化交际沟通成功的关键。
《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132 Case One: Setting Rules for a Guest – American Hospitality 案例： When Zhang Tao traveled in America, he lived in the home of his American friend, Bill. Once after he had traveled back, he found Bill was in a bad mood. When he asked what the problem was, Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water. Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future, and have a fast shower to save water. Zhang Tao felt uneasy. How could the host set such rules for his guest! Question: Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy? 分析： 1) In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality. They try to take care of the guest，and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease. 2) In America, people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually, naturally and truthfully. 3) Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality. He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him. 4) Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings, he should have known about the customs there sooner. Case Two: 案例： Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -- Quanjude -- when he arrived in Beijing. Question: Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America.
Case 2: White Dress Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why. 白色的裙子 案例分析:印度女人可能认为婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方新娘白色礼服。案例反映了明喻和隐喻的文本。文化就像一座冰山:我们可以识别妇女所穿的衣服的颜色在不同的文化,但是我们不知道下面的值。文化就像水中的鱼游:人们穿着不同颜色的不同的背景,但他们通常是理所当然,从不问为什么。Case 4: Coconut-skating Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture. Coconut-skating 案例分析:这一事件反映出文化的特点。我们可以告诉从文化无处不在的情况下学习。人们甚至可以创造不同的东西一样简单的问题地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学会了这样的擦自己的文化。 Case 12: Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza? This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation. 你为什么不吃比萨吗? 这种情况下可以反映出跨文化交流中出现的问题,忽略文化差异如何影响沟通。在马来西亚,大多数人都是穆斯林,人们认为左手是仅用于清洗身体,因此它是脏的,不能用来传递食物。任何了解文化差异,美国学生把自己在一个尴尬的局面。 Case 21: A Danish Woman in New Y ork This case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with pe ople from another culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way”. In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens. 一个丹麦的女人在纽约
Case 2： White Dress Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown。The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures，but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in：people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why. 白色的裙子 案例分析：印度女人可能认为婚礼是一个葬礼，如果他们看到西方新娘白色礼服。案例反映了明喻和隐喻的文本。文化就像一座冰山：我们可以识别妇女所穿的衣服的颜色在不同的文化，但是我们不知道下面的值.文化就像水中的鱼游：人们穿着不同颜色的不同的背景,但他们通常是理所当然，从不问为什么. Case 4: Coconut-skating Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping。The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture。 Coconut-skating 案例分析:这一事件反映出文化的特点。我们可以告诉从文化无处不在的情况下学习。人们甚至可以创造不同的东西一样简单的问题地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾女人必须学会了这样的擦自己的文化. Case 12: Why Don't You Eat the Pizza? This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication。In Malaysia，where most people are Muslims，people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food。Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation. 你为什么不吃比萨吗？ 这种情况下可以反映出跨文化交流中出现的问题，忽略文化差异如何影响沟通。在马来西亚，大多数人都是穆斯林,人们认为左手是仅用于清洗身体,因此它是脏的,不能用来传递食物。任何了解文化差异,美国学生把自己在一个尴尬的局面。 Case 21： A Danish Woman in New Y ork This case can reflectassuming similarity instead of difference。When communicating with people from another culture，one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things：that is “his way”。In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here，she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture。That is why the small conflict happens。
Case 1 A Canadian The shipping agent is serving the customers in the way that is considered efficient in Venezuelan culture. To the Canadian, however, this is unfocused activity that is not nearly as efficient as it would be —particularly from her point of view —if the agent simply dealt exclusively with her scheduled appointment./ In Canada, businesspeople typically write appointments and activities into the day’s agenda every day. They then work sequentially through the agenda until they have completed each task or the day is over. In other words, Canadians prefer to do one thing at a time, while the South Americans, including Venezuelans, tend to do a few things simultaneously. Case 2 A dozen As a Westerner, the American visiting professor does not quite understand the collective ownership of information in some other cultural environments. What made her annoyed is a different attitude toward information about people. In the United States, it is generally assumed that personal matters are private. Teachers go through elaborate procedures to assure that students do not have access to each other’s grades. In business it is the same. Evaluations are confidential. Case 3 When As a matter of fact, the American woman was not being disrespectful. However, it is clear that her way of showing respect and welcome was different from the ancient tradition of keeping physical distance from superiors, which is still widely observed, especially when royalty is involved. Paul Keating, the Australian prime minister, may have intended to suggest by his gesture that Australia would no longer accept the queen as head of state but just as one of their honored guests. Obviously, the British would not like it at all. Sometimes, such seemingly trivial things can influence relations between countries. That’s why protocol is taken seriously and people who are to hold diplomatic posts will be given detailed and careful instructions. Case 22 An American People from different cultures may consider their own communication style to be natural and normal, and therefore tend to evaluate other styles negatively. In this case, both people are unaware of the American preference for a direct and explicit style in contrast to the more contextual African style. Both these communicators are likely to leave the situation less inclined to ask or answer questions of each other again. Case 23 A French In France it is required that all calls begin with an apology for disturbing the answer. They are also expected to begin the call by checking that they have reached the right number, identifying themselves, and then chatting with whoever has answered the phone, if this person is known to them. Only after some conversation may callers indicate their wish to speak with the person they have actually called to speak to. In contrast, callers in the U. S. A. apologize only when they feel they have called at an inappropriate time; they often ask for the person they want without identifying themselves or conversing with the answer, even when that person is known to them; and they behave, in general, as though the person who has answered the phone is just an extension of the instrument itself. Case 24 At a 1970 The Japanese have a strong dislike of entering into direct confrontations and placing others in an embarrassing position. It is very difficult for a Japanese to respond to any suggestion or request with a definite “no”. What the Japanese will often do instead is resort to a vague sort of reply to the effect that the matter needs further study and consideration. They do this to save face for the person who has made the suggestion or request, but Americans may not properly understand it and may completely misinterpret the vagueness as compliance and assume that the proposition has been accepted. But this was apparently never made clear to Nixon. That is why he included that he had been double-crossed. The misunderstanding had serious adverse consequences for Japanese U. S. relations. Case 9 In a cross-cultural When they are being scolded by the trainers for being repeatedly late for afternoon sessions, the Chinese trainees felt bewildered because they thought it is inappropriate for the Canadian trainers to become so angry about it. In their opinion, one should not let him- or herself behave as emotionally like this. The appropriate way to deal with such a person would be to become cooler toward and more distant from the person who behaved so irresponsibly. It was understandable that one would feel angry in this situation but it was not appropriate to show anger, for the other person would certainly lose face if anger were directed toward him or her, and the angry person would look foolish and childish and therefore also lose face. Canadians see such situations in a very different way. They tend to explicitly express how they feel and openly criticize the person who they think has been wrong or irresponsible. It seems to them that this has little to do with face. Case 18 Ted Washington Ted Washington, the marketing manager, rejected the sale proposals of both the American, Dale Peters and the Japanese, Hideo Takahashi, without considering who made the proposal. While the direct and outright rejection is O.K. with Peters, for he and the manager are from the same culture, to Hideo, it means something beyond the rejection of a proposal itself. Therefore, the two people responded to the rejection in quite different ways. In this case, the American believes the root of the conflict lay in different goals and objectives, therefore, Peters entered into a heated discussion with Ted, trying to get his proposal accepted by producing facts, figures, and graphs to illustrate his case. But the Japanese believes the conflict was not in the rejection of the proposal but rather in the way it was communicated, so he thinks of it as a personal attack or a sign of mistrust. In short, Americans tend to be more task-oriented while the Japanese are more likely to focus on interpersonal relationships.
大学英语跨文化案例分析(1) 大学英语跨文化案例分析 随着全球化的不断发展，人们越来越需要掌握一门跨文化交际的语言，其中英语成为了全球最为流行和普及的一门语言。然而，由于不同国 家的文化和价值观差异，跨文化交际中会经常出现一些不同的沟通困 难和误解。本文将通过具体案例，分析大学英语跨文化交际中存在的 问题和解决方法。 案例一：美国职场礼仪 在美国的职场中，有一些不同于中国的礼仪和行为准则。比如，经理 会给你一个紧握握手表示尊重；上司可能会询问你的周末情况，但实 际上只是礼貌问问，并不需要你详细表述；打招呼时要称呼对方的全 名或姓氏。 但是，在中国，这样的行为可能会让人感到奇怪和不适应，因为中国 人通常会用亲密的称呼来打招呼，例如“小李”、“阿姨”等。因此，如果中国人在美国工作，需要适应和学习美国职场的礼仪和行为准则，否则可能会给人留下不尊重和不礼貌的印象。 解决方法：学习当地的文化和礼仪，与当地人交流交流，多观察和感 受当地的职场氛围和行为准则。 案例二：英美文化差异 英美文化有很多的相同之处，但也有许多的差异。其中，最为显著的 是它们的价值观和思维方式不同。英国人通常更加注重中庸之道和保
守，而美国人则更加强调个人的自由和创新。 这种差异在英美文学中也可以痕迹可见，英国文学中通常会强调传统 与历史，如莎士比亚的剧作，而美国文学则更加关注未来和个人的探索，如海明威和塞林格的小说。 解决方法：在学习英美文化过程中，要注意区分不同的价值观和思维 方式，尊重当地的文化，并且不要将自己的思维方式强加给当地人。 案例三：语言交际难题 由于英语是一门外语，而且在不同国家中有着不同的口音和表达方式，因此在跨文化交际中，语言交际难题经常会出现。例如，在英国，约 会被称为“date”，而在美国，约会则称为“going out”。这种名称 差异可能会导致沟通上的不便。 解决方法：在跨文化交际中，要尽量使用标准化、通用的语言和表达 方式，避免使用某个特定国家的方言和特色词汇。 总结： 跨文化交际不仅是语言沟通的问题，更是文化和价值观的交换和理解。了解和尊重不同国家的文化和价值观，避免强加自己的思维方式和行 为准则，是跨文化交际沟通成功的关键。
大学英语教学案例-跨文化交际实践 主题：大学英语教学案例-跨文化交际实践 要求：从跨文化交际实践的角度，提供具体案例，阐述其实践过程和 效果，并分析实践的意义和价值。 案例一：美国文化教学与实践 本案例是以一所顶尖美国大学的英语教学为例，介绍了在大学英语课 堂上如何结合跨文化交际实践，提高学生的英语水平和文化素养。 在这个英语教学项目中，老师首先介绍了美国不同的文化特点和传统，让学生初步了解各种文化差异。随后，给学生分配了一项小组任务： 要求学生在小组内互相交流各自的文化传统，并将学到的知识整合成 演讲、展览等展示形式，让全班同学共同体验各种不同文化。学生必 须在交流的过程中充分运用英语，并不断修正语言错误和不合适的表达，不断提高口语能力。 在这个项目中，学生通过团队合作和良好的互动，充分体验到了跨文
化交际的过程，也感受到了不同的文化传统和个性，促进了跨文化交际的理解和认知。同时，学生也培养了英语口语能力和写作能力，建立了自信，并增加了对美国文化的兴趣和认识。 这个项目的意义在于，在大学英语教学中借助跨文化交际实践，激发学生的文化兴趣和跨文化交际的能力，提高他们的语言素养和文化素养，进一步拓宽其视野，为其未来的职业和生活奠定基础。 案例二：华人学生在国外交流时的文化冲突 本案例是以一位中国大学生在美国国际学校交流项目的经历为例，介绍了她在跨文化交际中面临的文化冲突和解决方法。 在这个国际学校交流项目中，前期该学生因对美国文化缺乏了解，频繁违反当地社交习惯，与外籍学生之间出现了不必要的冲突。面对这种情况，她在教师的引导下开始了跨文化交际实践，与当地人沟通交流、了解当地习俗风味，并不断提高自身的英语水平。 通过这个跨文化交际实践，她逐渐了解到与美国文化不同的观念和价值，并发现了文化差异的美妙之处。在与外籍学生的交往中，她也学会了更好地尊重和倾听他们的立场，建立了更加和谐的人际关系。 这个项目的意义在于，通过实际的跨文化交际实践，帮助学生逐渐适
Case Study 1 Age and Status 两位同事的矛盾使一家数据处理公司的总经理遇到了麻烦。一方是一位踌躇满志的法裔加拿大小伙子，另一方是一位有特许签证的年长的中国女性，而此前两人确实很好的合作伙伴….. Case description: A manager in a data-processing company was having difficulty dealing with a conflict between a young, ambitious French Canadian male and his co-worker, an older Chinese woman who was on a special visa from China. She had recently become uncooperative and had made it clear to the manager that she would not be willing to travel to the capital with her co-worker to hold discussion with legislators about a new product with great enthusiasm. When the manager asked her what the problem was, he received no clear explanation. When he asked her co-worker, the young man had no insights to offer. The young French Canadian was clearly annoyed, however, that the Chinese woman was refusing to share her data with him. That meant he couldn’t make the presentation to the legislators because she had all the key data on her computer disks. The manager repeated questions to her but her “problem” go t nowhere. So he changed his approach. He began explaining his concerns, as manger and as spokesperson for the company, about the upcoming meeting with legislators. His explanation about his position was unemotional. In that climate she then felt she could explain her position. She revealed she felt that that as an older, and to her mind, more senior person, she should not be sent to the capitol with a younger employee who would do the presentation of material she had worked hard to develop. That would diminish her status, she felt. The general manger knew the root of his headache. Questions: 1．What do you think caused the conflict? 2. What would you do to resolve the conflict if you were the general manager? 矛盾冲突 这位年长的中国女士投入极大的热情和精力开发产品．却在最后的关键时刻拒绝与年轻的同事一同去向议员做推介：当经理和同事问其原因．她并未做任何明确的回答：而当经理改变策略，不再直接询问原因，而是迂回地讲起自己的困境时，她才道出自己的顾虑。在这位资深年长的中国女士看来，同一位比她年轻的同事一同去国会，并且由对方来做推介会影响到她的地位和威信，因此她无法同意：原因分析 造成这一矛盾的文化因素有两方面．对地位、年龄的不同态度以及这种不同的表达方式。人对权力的认识因文化背景的不同而不同。根据霍夫斯特的调查研究，“低权力距离”国家的人强调个人的能力和信用，人与人之间权利和关系的平等，而．”高权力距离”国家，如中国、日本、纬国，强调地位、经验、年龄、资历等，人与人之间存在级别差距；因此在这位年轻的加拿大人看来，在工作上他与这位女士是平等的合作伙伴，并没有地位的差别，自己也有能力参与项目并做最后报告。而在这位中国女士看来，以自己的年龄、资历、以及工作中的付出，与一个年轻人一同去国会，并且由对方来做报告对她来说是一件丢面子的事： 另外．双方表达方式的不同也导致了矛盾的加深。根据霍尔的理论，加拿大是“低语境”国家，中国属于“高语境”文化国家，因此，当她的加拿大同事没有充分考虑到她所处的位置．而是直接问她原因时，这位中国女士采用了婉转回进的策略，没有直接说出自己的想法。而当经理改变方法迂回地说到自己的难处时，在这种语境下她才说出自己的顾虑。
Case 1： An Interview in India Case analysis： The case is about an interview between an American program host and an Indian interviewee. They talk about some aspects of Indian culture and the changes occurred these years。The case reflects some basic cultural elements people may find in all cultures: language, family pattern, marriage， wedding ceremony, food and the way to eat food， etc. From this case, guide the students in culture study and culture comparison。 The students should realize that there are both similarities and differences in culture。 Culture is in fact very dynamic and pervasive. 案例是关于美国的节目主持人和印度的受访者之间的会谈。他们谈论印度文化的某些方面的变化发生了这些年。该案件反映了一些基本的文化元素的人可能在所有文化中找到：语言,家庭模式，结婚，婚礼，食物和吃的食物等等.从这个案例中，引导学生在学习文化和文化比较的方式.学生应该认识到，有既有相似之处，文化的差异。文化其实是非常有活力的和普遍的。 Case 2： White Dress Case analysis： The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text。 Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath。 Culture is like the water a fish swims in： people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why. 印度女人可能会认为婚礼是一个葬礼，如果他们看到白色长衫西部新娘。案件反映在文本中明喻和暗喻。文化就像一座冰山:我们可以找出妇女在不同文化所穿的衣服的颜色,但我们不知道下面的值。文化是像鱼一样游在水：人们穿着不同颜色的礼服不同的环境，但他们通常认为理所当然，从来没有问为什么。 Case 3: The French in North America Case analysis: The French were able to see Indian behavior only in the light of their own hierarchical social system, where it is natural for the few to command and the many to obey. Social systems that worked on other principles were literally unimaginable. 法国人只能看到印度的行为，只有在他们自己的层次的社会制度,在那里是很自然的为数不多的指挥和许多服从.在其他原则上工作的社会系统是不可想象的. Case 4： Coconut—skating Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned。 People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping