翻译理论课程学位考试试题（参考答案见题后）
Part I Translate the following sentences into Chinese: (20%)
1、The problem is staring us in the face.
问题明摆着，我们想回避也回避不了。
2、New price hikes hit LA supermarketing housewives.(LA-洛杉矶)
物价又涨，洛杉矶购物主妇的利益受到损害。
3、He is always telling, never doing.
他只说不做。
4、Justice has long arms.
天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
5、Knowledge, as much as capital, material resources and sweat, has become an essential factor of production -----maybe the essential factor.
知识，如同资本，物质资源和吃苦耐劳精神一样，已经成为生产的一个基本要素，也许是基本要素吧。
6、Their language was almost unrestrained by any motive of prudence.
他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，都没有顾及到什么谨慎不谨慎的问题。
7、The news is too good to be true.
消息太好，恐不可靠。
8、She was my angel of wife.
她是一位天仙一般的妻子
9、Make it the first object to be able to fix and hold your attention upon your studies.
要把专心致志于学业并且持之以恒作为首要目标。
10、People were born survivors.
人的生存能力是与生俱来的。
11、The talented scholar and his wife are perfectly made for each other.
这位学者和他的妻子郎才女貌，可谓是天造地设的一对。
12、Blood is thicker than water.
血浓于水。
13、She was so angry at her husband that she took it out on her children.
她因和丈夫生气，就拿孩子来作出气筒。
14、Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Garter.
里根刚上台时在做法上跟执政初期的卡特别无二致。
15、There was another man who seemed to have answers, and that was Robert McNamara.
另外有一个人似乎胸有成竹，那就是罗伯特`麦克纳马拉
16、University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.
报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。
17、Strange as it was, he passed TOFEL.
虽然似乎很奇怪，但他通过了托福考试。
18、As a result of the recently increasing demand, wholesale tea prices have almost doubled.
由于日益增长的需求，批发茶价几乎翻了一番。
19、To error is human and to mend is a supreme merit.
人非圣贤，孰能无过；过儿改之，善莫大焉。
20、At the beginning of the New Year, this area saw a big snowfall.
新年一开始，这个地区就下了一场大雪。
21、It is only shallow people who judge people by appearance.
只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
22、Mother stopped at the supermarket to buy bread and then went to get Jane at dancing class; she killed two birds with one stone.
妈妈一举两得，既在超级市场买了面包，又顺便去舞蹈班接了琼.
23、He has a strong dislike for the sentimental.
他非常讨厌多愁善感无病呻吟。
24、I
prefer driving to being driven.
我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。
25 I haven't heard from him since he lived in Beijing.
自从他从北京搬走以后，我就再没收到过他的信。
26、The availability of water power helped make New England a manufacturing center.
由于具有水力的便利条件，新英格兰才得以成为一个制造中心。
27、Much is left to be desired.
还有许多需要改进的地方。
28、He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face.
他留下一封短信，对我表示欢迎；那信里的字里行间热情洋溢，一如其人。
29、Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.
人的思想形成了语言，而语言又形成了人的思想。
30、Our hopes had plans are scattered to the four winds.
我们的希望和计划全落空了。
31、Two train derailments at the weekend cut Sydney's rail links with Melbourne and the New North Coast.
周末发生了两起火车出轨事故，使悉尼与墨尔本和新南威尔士州北部海岸的铁路运输中断。
32、If there is anything in the world that a young man should be are grateful for than another, it is the poverty which necessitates starting life under very great disadvantage.
世界上如果真有青年人最为感激的东西，那就是初涉人生时的贫困经历。青年人在开始谋生阶段，受些艰苦的磨练是有必要的。
33、His excuse for forgetting her birthday was that he had lost his diary.
他辩解说，因为日记本丢了才忘记了她的生日。
34、The burning question of my childhood had been richly answered.
我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案的问题，终于得到了圆满的回答。
35、The raising of twenty-five thousand pounds was a task altogether beyond her powers.
要筹集两万五千镑钱她完全无力办得到。
36、They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.
据说他没有受过大学教育，但他看上去好像有学者的样子。
37、National universities, the pride of the prewar educational systems, were closed to women.
国力大学，在战前是教育制度上的骄傲，当时是不收女生的。
38、Knowledge, as much as capital, material resources and sweat, has become an essential factor of production -----maybe the essential factor.
知识，如同资本，物质资源和吃苦耐劳精神一样，已经成为生产的一个基本要素，也许是基本要素吧。
39、He is very ignorant so much so that he cannot read his own name.
他非常无知，甚至连自己的名字都不认识。
40、It was all I could do not to laugh.
我差点笑出来。
41、There's a woman like a dewdrop, she's so purer than the purest.
有女洁如露珠。
42、It is now generally accepted that reform is necessary in the factory.
现在全厂上上下下都普遍认为工厂必须进行改革。
43、Her recent novel got a mixed reaction.
她最近出版的一部小说引
起了强烈反响，不过有褒有贬。
44、Business took me to town.
我因事进城去了。
45、Capital is the only the fruit of labor, and could never have existed if labor had not first existed.
资本只不过是劳动的成果。如果不首先存在劳动，就不可能存在资本。
46、The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，真令人特别神往。
47、Hardly a week passes but she receives several invitations.
她每个星期都会收到几个邀请的。
48、See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next four weeks was never distinct.
从那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而又有点儿不妙，两种情况不断地交替出现，一直没有明朗化。
49、He proved to be a very good listener.
他善于听取别人的意义。
50、Your temper is more than I can bear.
我忍受不了你的脾气。
51、I challenge my own conclusion.
我重新考虑我的结论。
52 I always thought she was a common-sense person who discussed things the way they ought to be discussed.
我一向认为她是一个明达的人，讨论问题总是该怎么讨论就怎么讨论。、
53、His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
主人对他的冷漠使他更加不舒服。
54、That nobody was killed or even slightly injured in such a serious accident was incredible.
如此严重的事故竟无一人伤亡，（这）真叫人难以置信！
55、I don't think we have asked for anything that they haven't done.
我认为我们要求的事情，他们都一一办到了。
56、Whether you die at a young age or when you are older is less important than whether you have fully lived the years you have had.
人生的意义不在于你能活多久，更重要的是看你是否活得很充实。
57、Theory is something but practice is everything.
理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。
58、I challenge my own conclusions.
我重新考虑我的结论。
59、She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.
她为这个无家可归的男孩打开了自家的房门，同时也向可怜的孩子敞开了爱心。
60、Sima Xiangru said to Zhuo Wenjun: "you are too beautiful and gifted not to make me fall in love with you!"
司马相如对卓文君说："你太美丽多才了，我怎能不爱你！
61、A little forethought would have saved you much trouble afterwards.
事先略作盘算就会省却你以后不少的麻烦。
62、Your temper is more than I can bear.
我忍受不了你的脾气。
63、She had such a fright that she fainted.
她吓得昏了过去。
64、A turn of the path and we were in a fairy land, whose existence no one a hundred yards off would have suspected.
从那条路转个弯进去，我们便到了一个仙境，只消离开那里一百码的地方，就没有人会想到有那么一个仙境存在了。
65、The av
ailability of water power helped make New England a manufacturing center.
由于具有水利的便利条件，新英格兰才得以成为一个制造中心。
66、Your temper is more than I can bear.
我忍受不了你的脾气。
67、You compare her with your English-women who wolf down from three to five meat meals a day; and naturally you find her a sylph.
你们英国女人每天狼吞虎咽地吃上三餐到五餐肉食，你们拿她来比她们，当然觉得她是个窈窕仙女了。
68、History has never been kind to this place.
这个地方长期以来都是多灾多难。
69、The economy of the four economic tigers in Asia became weak last year.
亚洲四小龙的经济去年出现了疲软。
70、They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years.
他们告诉我，到年底时他们在一起工作就要满30年了。
71、He is admittedly reliable.
他十分可靠，这是大家都公认的。
72、We will put off the outing until next week, when we won't be so busy.
我们把郊游推迟到下星期，到那时候我们不会这么忙了。
73、I am struck by the passionate dedication and devotion to country by all classes of people, from the leadership down to all the citizens.
这里各阶层人民，从领导到老百姓，都热情地忠于祖国，这使我印象很深。
74、No complaint is more common than that of a scarcity of money.
最普遍的抱怨就是说钱不够用。
75、Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
76、Every man is not polite, and all are not born gentlemen.
不见得每个人都懂礼貌，也不见得所有的人天生都是文质彬彬。
77、)Be a pupil before you become a teacher.
先做学生，再做先生。
78、Sima Xiangru said to Zhuo Wenjun: "you are too beautiful and gifted not to make me fall in love with you!"
司马相如对卓文君说："你太美丽多才了，我怎能不爱你！".
79、It is only shallow people who judge by appearance.
只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。
80、War was avoided by a master stroke of statesmanship.
由于运用了高超的政治策略，战争才得以避免。
81、He is more of a scholar than a teacher.
与其说他是教师，不如说他是学者。
82、Such is human nature in the West that a great many of people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
83、He is more of a scholar than a teacher.
与其说他是教师，不如说他是学者。
84、Hardly a week passes but she receives several invitations.
她每个星期都
会收到几个邀请的。
85、If there is anything in the world that a young man should be more grateful for than another, it is the poverty which necessitates starting life under very great disadvantage.
世界上如果真有青年人最为感激的东西，那就是初涉人生时的贫困经历。青年人在开始谋生阶段，受些艰苦的磨炼是很有必要的。
86、True greatness has little, if anything, to do with rank or power.
真正的伟大几乎是与地位或权利无关的。
87、Over the past several weeks, she had grown increasingly restless.
过去几周，她越来越六神无主。
88、A home without love is no more a home than a body without soul is a man.
正像没有灵魂的躯体不能称其为人一样，没有爱情的家庭也不称其为家庭。
89、He quarreled with his boss and bread and butter last month. Now he has to be among the job-hunters again.
上月他同老板闹翻了，结果砸了自己的饭碗，现在又不得不加入求职者的行列。
90、When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.
他常常聚精会神的做工作，这时他废寝忘食.
91、Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
92、A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.
一本书可以比作邻居。如果是好的，结识愈久愈好；如果是坏的，分手愈早愈好。
93、Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.
许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
94、We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.
我们刚离开学校，天就下雨了。
95、There is no getting along with him.
跟他是无法相处的。
96、Despite the great age gap between them, an instant affinity asserted itself.
尽管他们是忘年，但却一见如故，情谊甚笃。
97、There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness.
他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。
98 Not too much can or should be read into the percentages.
这些百分比不能说明太多的问题，也不应利用它们来说明太多的问题。
99、The challenge today is not merely to improve the material standards of living.
当今人们的要求不仅仅在于提高物质生活水平。
100、Thinking that you know when in fact you don't is fatal mistake to which we are all prone.
自认为知道而实际上
并不知道，这是一个致命的弱点，我们都容易犯这种错误。
Part II Translate the following sentences into English: (20%)
1、北京的春天来得晚，三月份还很冷。
March is the rather reluctant beginning of spring in Beijing.
2、我走累了，想停下来歇歇脚。
I don't mind taking the weight off my feet.
3、三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the ancient master mind.
4、她听人说深圳遍地是黄金，于是就来了。
She had been drawn to Shenzhen by tales of unimaginable wealth.
5、我纵然饿死，也不去向他求助。
Though I were starving, I would not ask a favor of him.
6、踢足球的，踢足球去了，打篮球的，打篮球去了。
Some played soccer and others played basketball.
7、这是九月的一个晴朗的下午，纽约的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。
It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving people.
8、没有人知道这个坏家伙这些年都在干些什么。
Nobody knew what this rascal had been doing all these years.
9、当前我们最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。
Our primary task at present is to develop national economy and improve the standards of living.
10、尽管两国高唱关系热化，但双方在互相侦察方面的急切程度，丝毫不减于冷战高潮时期。
The two countries-with all the talks of warmer relations-are spying on each other as avidly as at the height of the cold war.
11、当前最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。
Our primary task at present is to develop national economy and improve the standards of living.
12、我们不知道她的地址，没法和她联系。
Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in touch with her.
13、公众的利益高于个人利益。
The needs of the community must take precedence over individual requirements.
14、不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们制定的战略目标就不可能实现。这是一个关，这个关必须过。
We cannot reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the open policy. This is a key process we must go through.
15、他并没有病到不能上学的程度。
He is not so sick but he can come to school.
16、我连一句话也没来得及说他就跑了。
Before I could say a single word, he ran away.
17、他本来在南方从事一项建筑工程，任务完成后，他就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。
He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his vacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction job he had been engaged in the south.
18、努力实现从扩大规模数量向提高质量效益为主的转变。
Efforts should be made to shift priority of expanding scale and quantity to improving quality
and efficiency.
19、本公司顾客至上，质量超卓，效率快捷，取价公道。
Our company always values its customers' satisfaction in taking care of every quality requirement and providing best speeding services in reasonable prices.
20、见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景。
The sight of his native place called back his childhood.
21、路上挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各样的东西。
The road was packed with a noisy crowd of men and women, who were selling and buying all kinds of things.
22、他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形。
A little flattery would set him carried away.
23、这些工人都是篮球的热心观众。
These workers are avid watchers of basketball matches.
24、我们取得了很大的成绩，但这并不意味着我们就可以从此吃老本而无需进取了。
We have achieved a lot, but that doesn't mean we can therefore rest on our laurels without aiming high.
25、顷刻之间，滚滚的洪水像堵墙一般压了下来，一古脑儿连人带车都给冲走了。这情景直到现在还印在我的脑海里。
The image of a sudden wall of dark water carrying the man and his car away in an instant is still imprinted on my mind.
26、走廊里放着一片雨伞，少说也有二十把，五颜六色，大小不等。
Along the corridor lie at least twenty umbrellas of various sizes and colors.
27、成绩有两重性，错误也有两重性。
Achievements have a dual character, so have mistakes.
28、课程的目的在于训练英语技能。
The course aims at practice of English.
29、对于妇女在社会中的地位问题，我们的许多看法来自封建时代，与今天的社会格格不入。
Many of the ideas we have about the roles of women in society are derived from feudal times and are not relevant in today's society.
30、为了保证产品质量，我们对所有元件都进行了严格的筛选。
In pursuit of excellent quality of our products, all the parts are selected or chosen strictly before being picked up together.
31、当地政府为了改善生态环境采取了许多措施。
The local government has done much for the improvement of the ecological environment.
32、有志者事竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
33、我国去年农业取得大丰收。
Our country saw good harvests last year.
34、中国是一个文明古国，幅员辽阔，面积达到960万多平方公里。
China is a country with an ancient civilization. She has a vast territory and covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.
35、有志者事竟成。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
36、每逢假日的下午，我总要漫游周围的乡村。
My holiday afternoons were spent in ramble about the surrounding country.
37、我们搞一点核武器完全是为了自卫。
It is purely for self-defense that we have produced some nuclear weapons
38、要提倡顾全大
局。
We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration
39、我们学校鼓励学生独立思考,不要受老师观点的束缚。
In our school, students are encouraged to do independent thinking and not to be restricted by their teachers' points of view.
40、他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热。他于是下了决心，一碰到舒适的阴凉处，就坐下休息。
His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.
41、没有什么比光阴更可贵的东西了。
Nothing is more precious than time.
42、我正在劝她。
I am trying to persuade her.
43、这是九月的一个晴朗的下午，纽约的大街上，人来人往，五光十色。
It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with moving men.
44、李先生就要和他的同事告别了。他与他们一道工作了很长时间，因此大家不愿让他离开这里。
Mr. Li was about to say goodbye to his colleagues. He had worked with them for a long time. So, all of them were not willing that he world leave here.
45、他想到把这件事全部交给他的妻子去办。
It occurred to him to leave the whole thing to his wife.
46、他总算把记者招待会对付过去了。
After all, he survived the press conference.
47、方才落了一阵雨，天气还是闷热难堪。人们心里还是热燥燥的，期望着再来一次暴雨。
Despite a downpour a moment ago, it was still so unbearably hot and close that people expected to have another rainstorm.
48、这种技术资料太难懂，我简直就像看天书一样。
The technical materials of this kind are extremely difficult for me to understand.
49、看到这种情况，他们开始跳舞，他们跳呀，跳呀，一直跳了整个通宵。
When they saw this, they began to dance. And they danced and danced all night.
50、还看不出他能挑得起这副担子。
Nothing suggests that he will be equal to such a task.
51、健康状况不佳就无法有效地工作。
One's poor health will incapacitate him for efficient work.
52、在学习中我们应该互相促进。
In our studies, we should help each other forward.
53、课程的目的在于训练英语技能。
The course aims at practice of English.
54、多年的教学经验，帮助我改变了主意。
Years of teaching experience had helped me to change my mind.
55、她老是批评她丈夫马虎邋遢。
She's always criticizing her husband for being sloppy.
56、天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。
As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night.
57、古今中外，这种情况概莫能外。
There is no exception to this in modern or ancient, in China or elsewhere.
58、中国是一个文明古国，幅员辽阔，面积达到960万多平方公里。
China is a country with an ancient civilization. She has a vast territory and covers an
area of 9.6 million square kilometers.
59、我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，天下大治的局面。
For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.
60、野心不仅是罪恶的根源，也是毁灭的根源。
Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil.
61、这个我自己决定不了，我得请示请示上边儿。
I can't decide on it personally. I have to ask the top kick.
62、卢沟桥位于北京西南郊。
Lu Gouqiao is situated in the southwest suburbs of Beijing.
63、任何新生事物的成长都是要经过艰难曲折的。
New things always have to experience difficulties and setbacks as they grow.
64、我们目前的主要任务就是很好地推广和应用科研成果。
Our principal task at present is to disseminate and apply the results of scientific and technological research.
65、没有调查研究就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
66、有人断言说我们的经济制度应完全建立在市场经济之上，这种说法是错误的。
It is false to assert that our economic system should be entirely organized around a market-oriented economy.
67、这些工人省吃俭用，为的是为国家多积累资金。
These workers save food and expenses to accumulate more foods for the country.
68、看到这种情况，他们开始跳舞，他们跳呀，跳呀，一直跳了整个通宵。
When they saw this, they began to dance. And they danced and danced all night.
69、今晚有人在此将一些不该讲的话。
Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.
70、他的话令大家十分惊讶。
His wo
rds astonished all.
71、下次会议要讨论什么，你给我们吹吹风吧。
Will you give us some idea of what will be taken up at the next meeting.
72、一到南京，我的朋友就在机场等着接我。
On arriving Nanjing, I found my friend waiting for me at the airport.
73、我们将随时让你知道情况。
We will keep you informed.
74、古往今来，在商贸市场上历来都是大鱼吃小鱼。
There exists a law at all times and in all countries that the great fish eat up the small in the world of business.
75、最近人口统计显示中国人口已超过10亿。
The latest census shows that China's population exceeds one billion.
76、这些血债要用血来还。
These blood debts will have to be paid in blood.
77、剩下的时间不多了。
There is very little time left.
78、重点是普及义务教育，积极发展职业教育和成人教育。适度发展高等教育，优化教育结构。
We must lay emphasis on making compulsory education universal, vigorously developing vocational and adult education, moderately developing higher education and optimizing educational structure.
79、这家公司在研制计算机软件方面在世界处于领先地位。
This company leads the world (is the world's leader) in developing computer software.
80、每天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤面包或饼干，互相之间再闲聊几句，这种情景在英国到处可见。
There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five p.m. when people enjoy a cup of tea, with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation.
81、昨天看电影我没买到好票。
I did not buy a good seat for yesterday's film.
82、全国都公认她是最杰出的科学家。
She is generally acknowledged as the nation's most outstanding scientist.
83、各级党委必须始终坚持两手抓，两手都要硬，把两个文明作为统一的奋斗目标，一起边部署，一起落实，一起检查。
Party committees at all levels must always put equal emphasis on material civilization and ethical and cultural progress, taking the two aspects as unified in a single target, which are planned, implemented and examined side by side.
84、作为一种社交方式，我觉得茶会不但比宴会节约，也实惠并且文雅多了。
A tea party, to my mind, is preferable to a formal banquet as a medium for socializing.
85、天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。
As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night.
86、"希望工程"为不少失学儿童提供了上学的机会。
The "Hope Project" has reached quite a lot out-of-school boys and girls.
87、正如沙漠像海，因此骆驼就像一只船。
As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.
88、他女儿是个品学兼优的好学生。
His daughter is a student with a fine record of behavior and achievement.
89、他是不到黄河不死心。
He would not stop until he reached the Yellow River-to give up until his hope has gone.
90、会议出席的人数时多时少，会议主持人很不满意。
The chairman frowned at the spotty attendance at the meeting.
91、当前我们最重要的任务是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。
Our primary task at present is to develop national economy and improve the standards of living
92、由于失业率增高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。
With unemployment rate high, the dollar value low and the stock market in distress, the economy problem will be the President's sternest trail.
93、
94、中国是个文明古国，幅员辽阔，面积达960多万平方千米。
Covering an area of over 9.6million square kilometers, China is a country with an ancient civilization.
95、多年的教学经验，帮助我改变了主意。
Years of teaching experiences had helped me to change my mind.
96、公共汽车为人们去长城参观提供了方便。
Buses provide easy access to the Great Wall.
97、古今中外，这种情况概莫能外。
There is no exception to this in modern or ancient times, in China or elsewhere.
98、他原想她会同意嫁给他，现在他看到，那是竹篮子打水一场空。
He had thought she would agree to marry him. But now he saw that he had been drawing water with a bamboo basket-all was in vain.
99、我国的社会主义建设，需要一个和平的国际环境，需要一个国内安定团结，天下大治的局面。
For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.
100、重点是普及义务教育，积极发展职业教育和成人教育。适度发展高等教育，优化教育结构。
We must lay emphasis on making compulsory education universal, vigorously developing vocational and adult education, moderately developing higher education and optimizing educational structure.
Part III Translate the following passage into Chinese: (40%)
1、There is a growing number of economists who believe today's brutally tough labor market is not a temporary American oddity. Falling wages, reduced benefits and rising job insecurity seem to be increasingly entrenched features of the job scene across most of Western Europe, the United States and other parts of the developed world. The number of insecure freelance positions is rising (as are working hours) while stable jobs with good benefits are being cut. Laid-off workers are much less likely to be rehired by their old companies and have to find new jobs or turn to self-employment. Those who still have jobs are working longer hours with little prospect of meaningful raises. The new labor market is shaped by growing global competition, spurred by the rise of cheap manufacturers in China, India and Eastern Europe, and the price-chopping effect of both t
he Internet and giant retailers led by Wal-Mart. These forces compel Western companies to exercise a growing restraint on prices and labor cost. One thing globalization clearly does is to exert a leveling effect on wages.
越来越多的经济学家认为当今美国劳动力市场竞争异常残酷激烈，这不只是一时的怪现状。在大多西欧国家、美国及其他发达国家，降薪、福利削减、工作稳定性下降似乎已经成为就业市场越来越难以改变的痼疾。不稳定的自由职业岗位增多（工作时间同样延长），而稳定福利好的工作机会减少。工人失业后被他们的旧东家重聘的可能性越来越小，他们不得不找份新工作或者自己创业。而那些尚留在工作岗位上的人员工作时间加长，然而他们加薪前景微乎其微。新的全球劳动力市场正受到各种因素的影响。日益激烈的全球竞争，中国、印度和东欧劳动力价格低廉的制造业的发展，零售业巨头沃尔玛以及互联网销售带来的降价冲击--这些因素迫使欧美公司增强了对价格和劳动力成本的控制。全球化带来的一个显著变化就是薪水的平均化。
2、Human beings are distinguished from animals but the ability to laugh. In the universe which appears to be utterly devoid of humor. We enjoy the supreme luxury. In the divided world, laughter is a unified force.
Human beings appose each other on a great many issues, nations may disagree about systems of governments and human relations may be played by ideological factions that we all share the ability to laugh and laughter in turn depends on their most complex and subtle of all human qualities, a sense of humor. Certain comics stereotypes have a universal appeal, just as Semill Johnson once remarked: Man have been wise in many different modes, but they always laughed in the same way.
A sense of humor may take various forms and laughter maybe anything from a refined tinkle to an earth quaking roll, but the effect is always the same. Humor helps us maintain the correct sense of values. The sense of humor must be singled out as man's most important quality, because it is associated with laughter. And laughter in turn is associated with happiness. Courage, determination, initiative, these are qualities probably we share with any other forms of life, but the sense of humor is uniquely human. If happiness is one of the great goals of life, than least the sense of humor that provides the key.
笑的能力将人类和动物区分开来。在一个幽默全无的宇宙里，我们享有这一至高无上的财富。笑声在一个分裂了的世界里，是一股粘合的力量。
人类在许多问题上势不两立，国与国之间对政体的看法可能大相径庭，人际关系可能带有意识形态的烙印。但是我们都有笑的能力，而笑声赖以生存的基础确是人类所有品质中最复杂最含蓄的部分，即幽默感。
某些戏剧性模式的吸引力具有普遍意义，正如赛米尔约翰逊所言：人类聪明的形式虽天差地远，但笑的形式却总是毫无二致。
幽默有不同的表现形式，有人莞尔一笑，有人纵声大笑，无论何种类型的笑，其效果是一样的。幽默有助于我们保持一种正确的价值观，幽默感应该被视为人类最重要的品质，因为幽默感与笑声联系在一起，而笑声又同幸福联系在一起。勇气、决心、主动进取精神，这些品质或许也为其他许多形式的生命所具有，而幽默感却为人类所独有。如果幸福是人生的主要目标之一，那么幽默感则向我们提供了一把打开幸福大门的钥匙。
3、The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a house-all these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the other habits and ideas invented and acquired by man as a member of society. Contemporary sociological theory tends to assign primary importance to the nonmaterial culture in choosing problems for study. It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly as important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible-indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them. The emphasis of contemporary sociology is to insist that the material culture would not exist had not the nonmaterial culture first been available to suggest the ideas which are embodied in the inventions of material culture.
人们通常认为任何社会的文化均分为两种： 物质文化和非物质文化。 物质文化包括具有高度、宽度和重量等属性的人为现象。 船只、机器、房屋――所有 这些东西都被认为是物质文化的一部分。 非物质文化则是人类所处环境的一部分，对人类的行为有着影响， 但缺乏这些 上述物质属性： （非物质文化是指） 人作为社会一员所创立和获得的价值观、信仰、准则、传统及一切其他习惯和思想。当代社会学理念选择要研究的问题时，往往以非物质文化为主。 例如，社会学理论认为船只、飞机、汽车等等，其重要性远不及人们为制造这些东西―更确切地说是为规定其使用方法―而形成的传统。 当代社会学所强调的是，要不是先有了孕育发明物质文化想法的非物质文化，物质文化就不会存在。
4、If your life feels like it is lacking the power that you want and the motivation that you need, sometimes all you have to do is shift your point of view. By training your thoughts to
concentrate on the bright side of things, you are more likely to have the incentive to follow through on your goals. You are less likely to be held back by negative ideas that might limit your performance.
Your life can be enhanced, and your happiness enriched, when you choose to change your perspective. Don't leave your future to chance, or wait for things to get better mysteriously on their own. You must go in the direction of your hopes and aspirations. Begin to build your confidence, and work through problems rather than avoid them. Remember that power is not necessarily control over situations, but the ability to deal with whatever comes your way.
Always believe that good things are possible, and remember that mistakes can be lessons that lead to discoveries. Take your fear and transform it into trust; learn to rise above anxiety and doubt. Turn your "worry hours" into "productive hours". Take the energy that you have wasted and direct it toward every worthwhile effort that you can be involved in. You will see beautiful things happen when you allow yourself to experience the joys of life. You will find happiness when you adopt positive thinking into your daily routine and make it an important part of your world.
如果你觉得心有余力不足，觉得缺乏前进的动力，有时候你只需要改变思维的角度。试着训练自己的思想朝好的一面看，这样你就会汲取实现目标的动力，而不会因为消极沉沦停滞不前。
一旦变换看问题的角度，你的生活会豁然开朗，幸福快乐会接踵而来。别交出掌握命运的主动权，也别指望局面会不可思议的好转。你必须与内心希望与热情步调一致。建立自信，敢于与困难短兵相接，而非绕道而行。记住，力量不是驾驭局势的法宝，无坚不摧的能力才是最重要的。
请坚信，美好的降临并非不可能，失误也许是成功的前奏。将惶恐化作信任，学会超越担忧和疑虑。让"诚惶诚恐"的时光变得"富有成效"。不要挥霍浪费精力，将它投到有意义的事情中去。当你下意识品尝生命的欢愉时，美好就会出现。当你积极地看待生活，并以此作为你的日常准则时，你就会找到快乐的真谛。
5、What is leadership?
Its qualities are difficult to define. But they are not so difficult to identify.
Leaders don't force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get commitment from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that encourage creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.
Leaders demand much of others, but they also give much of themselves. They are ambitious - not only for themselves, but also for those who work with them. They seek to attract, retain and develop other people to their full abilities.
Good leaders aren't "lone rangers." They recognize that an organization's strategies for success require the combined talents a
nd efforts of many people. Leadership is the catalyst for transforming those talents into results.
Leaders know that when there are two opinions on an issue, one is not bound to be wrong. They recognize that hustle and rush are the allies of superficiality. They are open to new ideas, but they explore their ramifications thoroughly.
Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future - not wedded to the past. They have a hunger to take responsibility, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content to merely taking care of what's already there. They want to move forward to create something new.
什么是领导？
领导应具备什么样的品质，这很难精确的解说，但描述指陈却也不难。
领导者不强制别人与自己协调一致，而是帮助他们跟上。领导者让别人承担义务，首先自己承担义务，造成一种能鼓励创造的环境，待人诚恳，处事公正。
领导者对人要求很多，同时给人也很多。他们有雄心壮志不仅为自己，也为和他们一道工作的人。他们设法吸引大家，留住他们，使他们充分发挥才能。
好的领导者不是"孤独的护林员"。 他们认识到一个组织要获得成功，其方针在于把许多人的才能和力量集中起来。领导艺术是一种催化剂， 把众人的才智转化成业绩。
领导者明白，这争论的问题上出现两种意见时，并非必然有一种是错的。他们认识到匆忙草率就会促成肤浅片面。他们愿意接受新的设想或建议，但对他们的细节和后果要做认真的探讨。
成功的领导者无论是在感情上还是在理智上都着眼于未来而不是眷恋过去。他们渴望负责、改革、开拓。他们不满足于仅仅守成，他们要前进、要创新。
6、Walking gives us back our senses. We see, hear, and smell the world as we never can when we ride. No matter what vehicle, it is the vehicle that is moving, not ourselves. We are trapped inside its fixed environment, and once we have taken in its sensory aspects - mainly in terms of comfort or discomfort - we turn off our perceptions and either go to sleep or open a magazine and begin dozing awake.
But when we walk, the environment changes every moment and our senses are continuously being alerted. Around each corner of a city block, around each bend in a country road, there is something new to greet the eyes, the ears and the nose. Even the same walk, the one we may take every day, is never the same from one day to another, from one week and season to another.
This is true not only in the country, but anywhere at all. In New York City, a group of executives who meet every weekday morning walk from their homes to their offices. Their way takes them through quiet streets of old brownstones, one of the oldest neighborhoods in the city, then up and over the Brooklyn Bridge with its cathedral arches supportin
g the weblike drapery of cables, then down into the skyscraper canyons of the financial district.
On their daily route they see, hear, and smell the city in all its seasonal changes, under bright and cloudy skies. Only the most inclement weather stops them - suitably dressed, they can walk with pleasure in spring rains, autumn drizzles, and the sunlight of a summer morning or a soft winter snowfall.
步行唤起我们的知觉。我们看到的、听到的、闻到的世界与我们坐车时感知到的世界绝对不一样。无论乘坐什么车，运动的是车，而不是我们自己。我们被困在车内固定的环境里，一旦接受了它所给予我们的感觉----主要是舒适与否的感觉----我们就关闭了自己的知觉，不是睡觉，就是打开一本杂志，睁着眼睛打起盹来。
可是当我们步行的时候，周围的环境每时每刻都在变化，我们的知觉不断地被外界事物所激活。在城市街区的每一拐角处，在乡间道路的每个拐角处，总有什么新的东西映入我们的眼帘，窜入我们的耳朵，扑入我们的鼻子。即便我们日复一日，年复一年走的是同一条路，但是，我们感知的事物却没有一次是完全相同的。
这种情况不仅在乡村是如此，而且在任何地方都是如此。纽约城里，有几位公司主管，天天早上结伴从各自家里步行到办公室。一路上，他们先是沿着古旧的褐色石头铺成的寂静街道向前走，经过一个全市最古老的街区，继而跨过布鲁克林大桥，穿过支撑着蛛网般的钢缆的教堂式桥拱，最后径直步入摩天大楼巍然耸立的金融区。
每天在途中，他们用整个身心感受着这座城市的阴晴冷暖，四季变化。只有极其恶劣的天气才会阻止他们步行。他们衣着得体，惬意地行走在蒙蒙春雨之中，步行于秋日的毛毛细雨里，漫步在夏日清晨的阳光下，或徜徉于冬天柔软的飘雪间。
7、"International communication" is communication between members of different cultures. This definition is simple. But the process is complex. Intercultural communication involves differing perceptions, attitudes, and interpretations. We know that even two people from the same culture can have communication problems. People can intentionally hurt each other by something they say or do. Isn't it logical, then, that communication problems can be compounded among people who do not have the benefit of shared experiences (i.e. language and culture)?
Cultures do not communicate; individuals do. Everyone has a unique style of communication. But cultures determine a general style for their members. The relationship of the individual to his culture is analogous to an actor and his director. The actor puts his own personality into his acting but is nevertheless influenced by the director. We are not always aware of the subtle influences of our culture. Like
wise, we may not perceive that others are influenced by their cultures as well.
Difficulties in intercultural communication arise when there is little or no awareness of divergent cultural values and beliefs. In cross-cultural interaction, speakers sometimes assume that what they believe is right, because they have grown up thinking their way is the best. This ethnocentric assumption can result in negative judgments about other cultures. Another manifestation of ethnocentric attitudes is that people become critical of individuals from different cultures.
Cultural conflicts occur as a result of misinterpretations, ethnocentrism, stereotypes, and prejudice. Preventing these conflicts is possible with increased awareness of our own attitudes as well as sensitivity to cross cultural differences. Developing intercultural sensitivity does not mean that we need to lose our cultural identities-but rather that we recognize cultural influences within ourselves and within others.
所谓"跨文化交际"是指不同文化成员之间的交际。这个定义很简单，但过程很复杂。跨文化交际涉及不同的认知，态度与解释。我们知道，即使同一文化的两个人也可能存在交际问题。人们可能因为某句话或某件事无意造成互相伤害。因此，人们没有共同的经历（即没有共同的语言和文化），要解决相互之间的交际问题，这不符合逻辑吧？
文化之间不能交际，但人与人可以沟通。每个人都有独特的交际方式，但文化决定各个成员的总体交际方式。个人与文化的关系好比演员与导演的关系。演员将其个性融入表演，但要受导演的影响。我们常常不了解自己文化的细微影响；同样，我们可能也认识不到别人也受他们文化的影响。
对于不同的文化价值和信念缺乏了解时，跨文化交流很难进行。在跨文化交流中，交流者有时认为他们的看法是正确的，因为他们从小到大就认为他们的方式是最好的。这种民族中心主义的认识，可能造成对其他文化的错误判断。另一种民族中心主义的表现是，对不同文化的人持挑剔的态度。
文化冲突是由于误解，民族中心主义，成见和偏见造成的。增强对跨文化差异的认识和对自身态度的认识，有可能防止文化冲突。增强跨文化的了解并不意味着我们要丧失自己的文化特性，而是要认识我们自己以及他人之间的文化影响。
8、Keeping the intricacies and complexities out of the picture, let us take the binary opposites of the rich and the poor in the global system. Although a division of the present-day world into rich, white, Christian, non-industrialized, industrialized North, and non-industrialized South makes sense at the nation-state level, we need to go beyond that for the present discussion. Out of the 5.3 billion people in the world, some 3.4 billion
live in the "Third World" countries and 80% of them live in about 2 million villages. As a whole, 77% of the world population is in low and middle-income countries; 51% are in Asia and the Pacific, 15% are in Africa and the Middle East, 7% live in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 4% live in Europe.
The minority rich people, who are at the center of the present socio-economic-political power configurations and value system, possess most of the world's economic power, control most of the world's political affairs, and enjoy most of the world's opportunities. The majority poor, who are pushed to the periphery, have fewer resources; little political power and few opportunities. The affluent both in North and South religiously follow the Western Holy Trinity of "nation-statism, scientism, and developmentalism." They are unmindful of the fact that the majority of the world's people are not just left out in their scheme but ruthlessly abused by their insensitive development models, inhuman security paradigms, bankrupt percept and callous practices.
姑且把其中的错综复杂的问题放到一边，让我们先看看世界格局的贫富两极分化现象。虽然在民族和国家的层面上，我们把当今世界分为富裕、白种、信奉基督教、工业化的北方和未工业化的南方两大部分，也未尝不可，但是我们讨论这个问题却必须有更宽阔的视野。全世界有53亿人口，其中34亿生活在"第三世界"国家。这些人中80%分布在世界各地的200万个村落中。总体来说，世界人口的77%聚集在中低收入国家。其中51%在亚太地区，15%在非洲和中东，7%在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区，另外4%在欧洲。
富裕的人口只占总人数的很小部分。他们处在社会、经济、政治权利结构的核心位置，也占据了价值系统的主导位置。这小部分人占有世界经济的主要力量，操纵着世界政治，并且手握大部分发展潜机。贫穷的人仍占总人口的绝大部分。他们被排斥到世界的边缘，缺乏资源，基本上与政治权利和机会无缘。无论南方还是北方的有钱人们都笃信西方社会"国家至上、科学至上、发展至上"。而世界上生活着的大多数人被这个群体冷落在外，甚至还遭受到有钱人们盲目发展、非人道的安全模式、破产和恶性运作的负面影响。对于这一切，有钱人们熟视无睹，充耳不闻。
9、Camping has become the great pursuit of holiday spending, among an increasing number of young people. Camping as a way of spending holiday has so much to offer. You enjoy absolute freedom; you have none of the headaches of advance hotel booking or driving round and round the city at midnight looking for a room. There are no cold hotel breakfasts, no surly staff to tip. For a ludicrously small sum you can enjoy comforts which few hotels can provide.
Modern camping sites are well equipped with hot and
cold running water and even shops and dance floors. Low cost holidays make the camping an attractive position. But above all, you enjoy tremendous mobility. If you don't like a place or if it is too crowed, you can simply get off and look for a new location. Conversely, you can stay as long as you like, you are the boss after all.
It's so exciting to arrive at the campsite, put up your tents and start getting your meal ready. You are active all the time and you are always close to nature. Imaging you beside some clear stream with mountains in the background, night is falling; everything is peaceful, except for the delightful sound of chop sizzling in the pan. Camping provides you a real change from everyday living. You get up earlier and go to bed earlier. You have an enormous opportunity to meet people of various nationalities and to share your pleasures with them. For a few precious weeks in a year, you really adopted a completely different way of life and that's the essence of true recreation and real enjoyment.
野营已经成了越来越多年轻人热衷的度假方式了。作为一种度假方式，野营的优点颇多，你能享受觉得的自由，不必为预定旅馆而苦恼，也不必费神半夜开车四处寻找住所。你不必吃冷冰冰的旅馆早餐，不必付小费给乖戾的服务员，你只需交付一笔小得令人难以置信的费用，便可享受没有几家旅馆能够给予的舒适。
现代化的营地配置了冷热自来水，甚至还有商店和舞场，低廉的花费使野营度假十分诱人，更为诱人的是野营度假的极大机动性，如果你不喜欢某地，或者感到某地太拥挤，可即刻开罢，另立新主。反过来说，你若喜欢某地，你只要愿意便可一直住下去，毕竟你自己说了算嘛。
到达目的地后安营扎寨，支起帐篷，烹调饭菜可真带劲，里里外外你忙个不停，可以大自然朝夕相处。想象一下自己的环境，脚踩清澈的小溪，背靠连绵的群山，夜幕徐徐降临，万物一片静籁，只有平底锅传来猪排吱吱作响声。野营给你的日常生活带来了一种全新的面貌，早起早睡，有众多机会结识各种人士，同享快乐。仅仅在这一年中珍贵的几周里，你事实上已采纳了一种与昔日完全不同的生活方式，这才是真正的娱乐，这才是真正的享乐。
10、In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rej
uvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family -they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.
在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，讨好祖辈，使那些涉及到家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进行。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。
此外，有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不至于无所事事；修复或重振婚姻；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福惟有此法。这一点更可以由其反 面得到昭示：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女（或无法生育男孩）对婚姻而言是一种威胁，还可作为离婚的现成借口。
后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。对许多人来说，夫妻两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭--夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作为一种社会机构，以其特有的方式，至少从原则上说，可在一个变幻莫测、常常是充满敌意的世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障，以及价值取向。
Part IV Translate the following passage into English: (20%)
1、一九五四年在北京召开的翻译工作会议，傅雷未能到会，只提交了一份书面意见，举出许多谬误的翻译例句。他可能忘了例句都有主人，也不曾料到他的意见会被印发给与会者。他拈出例句，就好比挑出人家的错来示众了。这就触怒了许多人，都大骂傅雷狂傲，有一位老翻译家竟气得大哭。
A conference on translation was held in Beijing in 1954. Fu Lei, who was unable to attend, submitted a written report in which he cited many examples of translation errors. He probably forgot that every example had a creator, and he did not anticipate that the report would be printed and