翻译理论与技巧(A)试题集及答案
(红色为自己所出题)
一 Fill in the blanks.
1.According to sociosemiotic theories, meaning consists of
three aspects: _________, ___________ and ____________ .
2.As far as communicative function is concerned, English
sentences can be classified into four types: ____________ ,
___________ , _____________ and ___________ .
3.Professor Xu Yuanzhong ever proposed that literary
translation should conform to the principle of “____________,
__________ and ___________”.
4.The basic procedures of translation are made up of three
steps: __________, ___________ and ___________ .
5.Peter Newmark divided the function of language into six
kinds, among which the most important four functions are
____________, ___________ , __________ and ___________ .
6.“Literal translation” is based on
-language-oriented principle, while “liberal translation” is
based on -language-oriented principle.
7.Translators often abide by -oriented principle
when they translate literary works
8.When we see the sun, we often think of hope. It’s the
meaning of the sun we in fact think of.
9.Yan Fu’s standard for good translation is , and .
10.According to Peter Newmark, the expression “How do you
do” performs ___________ function.
11.We should analyze , and before we really put something into the target language.
12.According to the structure, English sentences can be
classified into sentences, ___________ sentences, sentences and sentences.
13.The three principles for translation advocated by
Alexander Fraser Tytler are:
①
②
③
14.The sentence “The earth goes around the sun” performs
the function of language.
15.When we hear somebody speaks ungrammatically, we know that
he is not well-educated. Here the language carries the meaning.
16.According to the different signs that translation deals
with, translation can be classified
into , , .
17.Translation can be regarded as a , a
or a .
18.According to different topics, translation can be
classified into translation, translation and
translation.
二Translating the following sentences into Chinese.
1Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.
2The crafty enemy was ready to launch a new attack while holding out the olive branch.
3Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.
4The pictures that linger in his mind, called up in a moment by such sensations
as the smell of roses or of new-mown hay, are of a simpler nature.
5 It’s not easy to become a member of that club—they want people
who have
plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom , Dick, and Harry.
6 The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She
was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen feet.
7 But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the
slimness and the stride were long past, too.
8 I was limp as a dish rag. My back felt as though it had been beaten
with wires.
9 As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which
we have been forced to cut our prices to the minimum.
10 I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glass
doors to the backyards, and there was Allen’s pool, still covered
with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.
11 Time did not spoil the beauty of the walls, nor the palace itself,
lying like a jewel in the hollow of a hand.
12It is obvious that this was merely a case of robbing Peter to pay Paul. There was no real clearing up of the outstanding debt.
13He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more
hugs all over again, without end.
14There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to
a lot of trouble or expanse than to have her guest so interested
in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails
to notice the flavour of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.
15English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.
16When I go around on speaking engagements, they all expect me to assume a Quaker-Oats look.
17The door was unlocked. She went inside and sat in a stupor. She was near collapse, barely able to move her swollen feet.
18“It is true that the enemey won the battle, but theirs is but
a Pyrrhic victory.”said the General.
19 A dirty-yellow sky had threatened rain all day and a hollow
stillness hung over the valley.
20I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar.
So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them. 21One day, while out on the bleak moors, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately.
22Hygeia herself would have fallen sick under such a regimen; and how much more this poor old nervous victim
23Our Band-Aid approach to economic development must be changed. 24It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time, as all did, since I had voluntarily come to the church.
25It develops an argument; it cites instances; it reaches a conclusion.
26Father’s attitude toward anybody who wasn’t his kind used to puzzle me.
27Several blocks from the park, running parallel to it, Clement Street bustles like a second Chinatown with dozens of ethnic restaurants.
28We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
29She stopped listening. She felt as though she had been slapped to the extreme outer edge of life, into a cold darkness.
30Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well have the final say. 31Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels.
32The hungry boy was wolfing down his dinner.
33I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in
a nation where they will not be judged by the color of the skin
but by the content of their character.
34The importance of oceanography as a key to the understanding of our planet is seldom as well appreciated.
35I pulled up a chair and sat down. I sat with my legs wide apart at first. But this struck me as being irreverent and too familiar.
So I put my knees together and let my hands rest loosely on them. 36There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of the imperialists.
37 A country that wishes to become a member of WTO is to send in its
application before a working party is formed by WTO for examination of the specific conditions of the country.
38When prices range from $34,500 to $50,000 per car, evidence that these machines are more than a cut above the rest is essential. 39One of the most heartwarming aspects of people who are born with
a facial disfigurement, whether minor or major, is the number of
them who do not allow it to upset their lives, even reaching out to help others with the same problem.
40The heavily laden infantry, though enjoying a superiority of six-to-one, simply could not keep to schedule and lost 60000 men in one day.
41I have a cake in the o ven that I was making for the Senora’s dinner.
42The world is scraping bottom in the deepest economic slump in a half-century.
43Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. 44Military strategy may bear some similarity to the chessboard but it is dangerous to carry the analogy too far.
45Studies show that otherwise rational people act irrationally when forced to stand in line or wait in crowds, even becoming violent. 46Prolonged high unemployment will threaten the current leadership in other capitals as well, and it could ignite violent upheavals in some of the most hard-pressed land.
47Many advocated strong action to bring the Prime Minister into line.
48He cannot wholly detach himself from the technicalities and personal inconveniences which accompany the battle for intelligence.
49I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders.
50Although the recession has reached every corner of the planet, the impact is uneven.
51I think lawyers mistakenly believe complex language enhances the mystique of the law.
52Not long ago, a foreign visitor whose English is extremely good told me of his embarrassment in a tea shop.
53Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research.
54We have created a faculty of scholars frequently so narrow in their studies and specialized in their scholarship they are simply incapable of teaching introductory courses.
55Then the players find out the lottery is not particularly good bet and they find other forms of gambling.
56The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree.
57There has always been a close cultural link, or tie between Britain and English-speaking America, not only in literature but also in the popular arts, especially music.
58We must just make the best of things as they come along.
59But once I made the decision, I went at it with all flags flying.
60 Autumn’s mellow hand was upon the woods, as they owned already,
touched with gold and red and olive.
三 Translate the following passage into Chinese.
1Be very wary of opinions that flatter your self-esteem.
Both men and women, nine times out of ten, are firmly convinced of the superior excellence of their own sex. There is abundant evidence on both sides. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; if you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals. The question is inherently insoluble, but self-esteem conceals this from most people. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is superior to all others. Seeing that each nation has its characteristic merits and demerits, we adjust our standard of values so as to make out that the merits possessed by our nation are the really important ones, while its demerits are comparatively trivial. Here, again, the rational man will admit that the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer. It is more difficult to deal with the self-esteem of man as man, because we cannot argue out the matter with some non-human mind. The only way
I know of dealing with this general human conceit is to remind
ourselves that man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little corner of the universe, and that for aught we know, other parts of the cosmos may contain beings as superior to ourselves as we are to jelly-fish.
2 Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you
something, but because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works along with the author’s or even goes beyond his.
Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.
Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city. Although they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities. The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.
Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you “ought ” to read, you probably won’t have fun. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time—and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won’t have suffered during the process.
3 It is well that the commonest fruit should be also the best. Of the virtues of the orange I have not room fully to speak. It has properties of health giving, as that it cures influenza and establishes the complexion. It is clean, for whoever handles it on its way to your table, but handles its outer covering, its top coat, which is left in the hall. It is round, and forms an excellent substitute with the young for a cricket ball. The pip can be flicked at your enemies, and quite a small piece of peel makes a slide for an old gentleman.
But all this would count nothing had not the orange such delightful qualities of taste. I dare not let myself go upon this subject. I am a slave to its sweetness. I grudge every marriage in that it means a fresh supply of orange blossom, the promise of so much golden fruit cut short. However, the world must go on.
With the orange we do live year in and year out. That speaks well for the orange. The fact is that there is an honeaty about the orange which appeals to all of us. If it is going to be bad—for the best of us are bad sometimes—it begins to be bad from the outside, not from the inside. How many a pear which presents a blooming face to the world is rotten at the core. How many an innocent-looking apple is harbouring a worm in the bud. But the orange has no secret faults. Its outside is a mirror of its inside, and if you are quick you can tell the shopman so before he slips it into the bag.
4 It is odd to watch with what feverish ardor the Americans pursue prosperity and how they are ever tormented by the shadowy suspicion that they may not have chosen the shortest route to get it.
Americans cleave to the things of this world as if assured that they will never die, and yet are in such a rush to snatch any that come within their reach, as if expecting to stop living before they
（英语）英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
理论力学试题及答案 (一) 单项选择题（每题2分，共4分） 1. 物块重P ，与水面的摩擦角o 20m ?=，其上作用一力Q ，且已知P =Q ，方向如图，则物块的状态为( )。 A 静止(非临界平衡)状态 B 临界平衡状态 C 滑动状态 第1题图 第2题图 2. 图(a)、(b)为两种结构，则( )。 A 图(a)为静不定的，图(b)为为静定的 B 图(a)、(b)均为静不定的 C 图(a)、(b)均为静定的 D 图(a)为静不定的，图(b)为为静定的 (二) 填空题(每题3分，共12分) 1. 沿边长为m a 2=的正方形各边分别作用有1F ，2F ，3F ，4F ，且1F =2F =3F =4F =4kN ，该力系向B 点简化的结果为： 主矢大小为R F '=____________，主矩大小为B M =____________ 向D 点简化的结果是什么？ ____________。 第1题图 第2题图 2. 图示滚轮，已知2m R =，1m r =，ο30=θ，作用于B 点的力4kN F =，求力F 对A 点之矩A M =____________。 3. 平面力系向O 点简化，主矢R F '与主矩M 10kN F '=，20kN m O M =g ，求合力大小及作用线位置，并画在图上。 D C A B F 1 F 2 F 3 F 4
第3题图 第4题图 4. 机构如图，A O 1与B O 2均位于铅直位置，已知13m O A =，25m O B =，2 3rad s O B ω=，则 杆A O 1的角速度A O 1ω=____________，C 点的速度C υ=____________。 (三) 简单计算题(每小题8分，共24分) 1. 梁的尺寸及荷载如图，求A 、B 2. 丁字杆ABC 的A 端固定，尺寸及荷载如图。求A 端支座反力。 3. 在图示机构中，已知m r B O A O 4.021===，AB O O =21，A O 1杆的角速度4rad ω=，角加速度22rad α=，求三角板C 点的加速度，并画出其方向。 F O R ' O M
浙江广播电视大学 英语专业(开放本科) 《翻译理论与实践》期末复习 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 二、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共30分） 三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分） 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） 1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。 A. 语内翻译 B. 语际翻译 C. 符际翻译 D. 以上选项都正确 2. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物 C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水 3. “This is a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适？________。 A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。 B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。 C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。 D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。 4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的？________。 A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。 B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。 D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。
5．_________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。 A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒 C．许渊冲D．鲁迅 6. 下面哪个配对是错误的？_____。 A．赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tiger C．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in sea D B C D C D 7.哪句话的描述是正确的？______。 A. 严复提出的翻译是：重神似不重形似 B. 傅雷的翻译标准是：信、达、雅 C. 许渊冲的翻译标准是：美化之艺术，创优似竞赛 D. 泰特勒的翻译标准是：通顺 8. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_________。 A. dry State：实行禁酒的州B．white goods：白色的货物 C．dry white wine：涩白酒D．toilet water：花露水 9. 泰特勒(Tytler)提出的著名翻译原则是：_______。 A. 译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容。 B. 译文的风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同。 C. 译文应像原文一样流畅自然。 D. 以上选项都正确。 10．下面哪个选项是正确的？________。 A．bring down the house 翻译为：“推倒房子” B．pull up one's socks 翻译为：鼓起勇气 C．think a great deal of oneself 翻译为：“为自己想得很多” D．an apple of love 翻译为：“爱情之果” 11．A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.下面哪个译文是最合适的？_____。A．一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。 B．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。 C．一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。 D．闲置之书只是一叠废纸。
第一章翻译概论 第一节中外翻译史简介 四、课练习 1. 东汉至唐宋时期。 2. 玄奘不仅译出了 75 部佛经，而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。 3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来，《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期，为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。 4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。 5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。 五、课后练习 （一）将下列段落译成中文： 一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以及一些本地人，见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。 1903 年 12 月 17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。 1932 年， 90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座 60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑，用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。虽然在当时世纪之交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。当莱特兄弟在 1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了…… （二）将下列段落译成英文： As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the maids by saying， holding a duck head in hand，“This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand） is not that ya tou （referring to the maids around， as both are homophones in Chinese）， for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….” Everybody roared with laughter. Some maids protested， laughing，“You made fun of us， so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’ games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a maid rushed in laughing，“ Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.” The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with
1)你应该适当花一点时间休息和锻炼。(reasonable) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) 总的来说，孩子们比过去任何时候都更健康，受到了更好的教育。(in general) In general, children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) 待适当的机会来临，他就能抓住。(come along) Wh en the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4）每天他都留出点时间跟家人在一起，享受生活。(set aside) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life 5) 我记得那些黑暗的街道以及同父亲手拉手走路的情景。(hand in hand) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father 6) 他最终辜负了父母的期望。(live up to) He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations. 相比之下，我们的用油量大幅度上升了。(in contrast) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) 经过努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱点。(overcome) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. 1) 人们认为，悲观常常会导致绝望、疾病和失败。 It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure. 2) 与此相反，乐观主义能使你幸福、健康和成功。 Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful. 3) 当你做某件事失败时，把失败当作一种学习的经历从中汲取益处。 When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience ) 在问题或困难面前，要想想自己的长处并树立起自信心。 Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties. 5) 不要让消极的想法阻碍你。 Don’t let negative thoughts hold y ou back. 6) 每个人都经历过失败和失望，因此不要过多地责怪自己。 Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much. 1) She wore a dress ____with a pattern of rose__________ (有玫瑰图案) on it. 2) Helen had ____prepared a wonderful/good meal for us_ (为我们准备了一顿丰盛的饭菜). 3) Ann _______promised faithfully___ (信誓旦旦地保证) that she would never tell. 4) Could you ____deliver this letter__ (把这封信送到) to the accounts department? 5) We were offered ____a selection of milk and plain____chocolate (精选的牛奶巧克力和纯巧克力). 6) Tell the children to ___keep out of mischief / behave themselves_____(别胡闹). 7) We could hear _____the sound of distant thunder_____ (远处打雷的声音). 8) The project has now __received approval from the government (得到政府的批准). 9) Kelly loved her husband ____in spite of the fact that he drank too much (虽然他喝酒太多). 10) Experts seem unable to ____agree whether the drug is safe or not_ (就这个药是否安全取得一致意见). 1. Not every bomb has hit its target. 并非每个炸弹都击中了目标。 2. We can have one or the other but not both simultaneously. 我们能够得到其中一个，但不能同时两个都有。 3. She wanted nothing more than work. 她只想要工作。 4. You cannot be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 5. I have yet to receive an apology from a child who just ran over my foot while chasing a sibling. 有个小孩在追逐自家的兄弟姐妹时踩了我的脚，却仍未向我道歉。 1. 并非所有父母都和你一样能提供很多情况。 Not all parents are as informative as you
理论力学---1 1-1.两个力，它们的大小相等、方向相反和作用线沿同一直线。这是 (A)它们作用在物体系统上，使之处于平衡的必要和充分条件； (B)它们作用在刚体系统上，使之处于平衡的必要和充分条件； (C)它们作用在刚体上，使之处于平衡的必要条件，但不是充分条件； (D)它们作用在变形体上，使之处于平衡的必要条件，但不是充分条件； 1-2. 作用在同一刚体上的两个力F1和F2，若F1 = - F2，则表明这两个力 (A)必处于平衡； (B)大小相等，方向相同； (C)大小相等，方向相反，但不一定平衡； (D)必不平衡。 1-3. 若要在已知力系上加上或减去一组平衡力系，而不改变原力系的作用效果，则它们所作用的对象必需是 (A)同一个刚体系统； (B)同一个变形体； (C)同一个刚体，原力系为任何力系； (D)同一个刚体，且原力系是一个平衡力系。 1-4. 力的平行四边形公理中的两个分力和它们的合力的作用范围 (A)必须在同一个物体的同一点上； (B)可以在同一物体的不同点上； (C)可以在物体系统的不同物体上； (D)可以在两个刚体的不同点上。 1-5. 若要将作用力沿其作用线移动到其它点而不改变它的作用，则其移动范围 (A)必须在同一刚体内； (B)可以在不同刚体上； (C)可以在同一刚体系统上； (D)可以在同一个变形体内。 1-6. 作用与反作用公理的适用范围是 (A)只适用于刚体的内部； (B)只适用于平衡刚体的内部； (C)对任何宏观物体和物体系统都适用； (D)只适用于刚体和刚体系统。 1-7. 作用在刚体的同平面上的三个互不平行的力，它们的作用线汇交于一点，这是刚体平衡的 (A)必要条件，但不是充分条件； (B)充分条件，但不是必要条件； (C)必要条件和充分条件； (D)非必要条件，也不是充分条件。 1-8. 刚化公理适用于 (A)任何受力情况下的变形体； (B)只适用于处于平衡状态下的变形体； (C)任何受力情况下的物体系统； (D)处于平衡状态下的物体和物体系统都适用。 1-9. 图示A、B两物体，自重不计，分别以光滑面相靠或用铰链C相联接，受两等值、反向且共线的力F1、F2的作用。以下四种由A、B所组成的系统中，哪些是平衡的？
《翻译理论与实践（笔译）》复习辅导 一、考试题型和模拟题 1. 选择题：10题，每题2分，共20分。范围主要包括翻译标准，直译与意译问题，翻译的定义，文化与翻译的问题。 2. 问答题：2题，每题15分，共30分。范围主要包括直译与意译问题，翻译的标准，比如玄奘对翻译事业的贡献等等。 3. 段落翻译（英译汉）：1段，共50分。这部分在课外。 选择题（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）： 1. 明朝末年的翻译家徐光启主要从事---C---的翻译。 A. 佛教经典 B. 文学作品 C. 科技著作 D. 哲学著作 2. 《马氏文通》的作者马建忠提出了“---A---”的翻译观点。 A. 善译 B. 化境 C. 神似 D. 信、达、雅 3. 出版后即风靡海内的《巴黎茶花女遗事》是--B----的译作。 A．严复 B. 林纾 C. 林语堂 D. 梁实秋 4.“意译”是指译文从意义出发，要求将原文的意义正确表达出来，不必拘泥于--D----的形式。 A. 词句 B. 词句和比喻 C. 各种修辞手段 D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段 5. 翻译是一种（A ）的交际活动。 A．跨语言，跨文化，跨社会 B. 跨语言 C．跨语言，跨社会 D. 跨语言，跨社会 6. 翻译的理想单位是：__________。（） A．篇章 B. 句子 C.词语 D. 单词 7.下列四个语言特点中，----B--不是广告英语的特点。 A. 多祈使句 B. 多后置定语 C. 多新词汇 D. 多常用词汇 8. 鲁迅曾提出过“-------B--------”的翻译观点。 A. 宁顺而不信 B. 宁信而不顺 C. 与其信而不顺，不如顺而不信 D. 忠实、通顺、得体 9. 在下列四组特点中，---D---组符合英语语言的实际情况。 A. 重意合，多主动结构，多动态词，多重复，多生物词作主语 B.重形合，多主动结构，多动态词，多替代，多物称词作主语 C.重意合，多被动结构，多静态词，多重复，多生物词作主语 D.重形合，多被动结构，多静态词，多替代，多物称词作主语 10. 下列四种语言特点，----B----不符合英语语言的实际情况。 A. 重形合 B. 多动态词语
翻译理论与实践试题 一、选择题（在四个选项中选择一个正确答案）：20% 1.中国古代佛经翻译家------提出了“既须求真，又须喻俗”的翻译思想。 A. 鸠摩罗什 B. 玄奘 C．安世高D。释道安 2.严复说的“一名之立，旬月踟躇”是指---------------------。 A.翻译一部书要化一个月时间作准备 B 翻译一个术语往往要考虑很久 C. 只有化苦功才能翻译成一部名著 D. 书名的翻译颇费思量 3..下列四句，----句的表述是不正确的。 A.鲁迅提出过“宁信而不顺”的翻译观点。 B. 马建忠主张“善译”的翻译标准。 C. 钱钟书认为文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。 D. 傅雷认为文学翻译的最高境界是“形似”。 4.下列四位翻译家中，英译《红楼梦》的是------。 A.林语堂 B. 杨宪益 C. 杨必 D. 鲁迅 5.英国语言学家M.A.K.Halliday提出的构成语境三要素中，fields of discourse指---------------------------。 A.交际内容 B. 交际方式 C. 交际风格 D. 交际地点 6.多用被动语态是----------的一个比较明显的语法特点。 A.广告英语 B. 科技英语 C. 新闻英语 D. 法律英语 7.“意译”是指译文从意义出发，要求将原文的意义正确表达出来，不必拘泥于------的形式。 A.词句 B. 词句和比喻 C. 各种修辞手段 D. 词、句、以及各种修辞手段 8.. ------翻译了莎士比亚的全部戏剧作品。 A.朱生豪 B. 卞之琳 C. 梁实秋 D. 林语堂 9.fast, firm, secure三个同义词中，firm的正规程度介于前后两者之间，由此可以判定，它最有可能源自------。 A.法语 B. 拉丁语 C. 盎格鲁-撒克逊语 D. 德语 10.下列四种“语体”中，--------的语言最为正规。 A.广告英语 B. 法律英语 C. 新闻英语 D. 科技英语 二、问答题：30% 1.为什么严复要在他的翻译标准中加上一个“雅”字？你认为现在我们应该怎样理解这个“雅”字？
英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 2．事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 3．乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create）4．追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when） 【答案】 1．Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2． It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4． The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译，用括号所给的词将中文翻译成英文。翻译要注意句子的时态和语法的运用。 1．考查祈使句。祈使句 + and/or，前面的祈使句表示条件，or或and引导的分句表示结果这里表示转折关系，故用or。故答案为Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2．考查名词性从句。翻译时句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为从句thatkeeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases.，从句翻译时要注意动名词作主语。故答案为It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．考查动词。翻译时注意短语be busy doing忙于做……，时态用一般现在时。故答案为Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4．考查定语从句。先行词为times，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故答案为The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．即使天气再热，也不要整天待在空调房间里。(stay) 2．一旦一个人学会了换位思考，就表明他正在走向成熟。(indicate) 3．直到他听了那个讲座才意识到自己对于该领域的知识是如此的匮乏。(It)
工程力学（Ⅱ）期终考试卷（A ） 专业 姓名 学号 题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 总分 题分 25 15 15 20 10 15 100 得分 一、填空题（每题5分，共25分） 1. 杆AB 绕A 轴以=5t （ 以rad 计，t 以s 计） 的规律转动，其上一小环M 将杆AB 和半径为 R （以m 计）的固定大圆环连在一起，若以O 1 为原点，逆时针为正向，则用自然法 表示的点M 的运动方程为_Rt R s 102 π+= 。 2. 平面机构如图所示。已知AB //O 1O 2，且 AB =O 1O 2=L ，AO 1=BO 2=r ，ABCD 是矩形板， AD =BC =b ，AO 1杆以匀角速度绕O 1轴转动， 则矩形板重心C '点的速度和加速度的大小分别 为v ＝_ r _，a ＝_ r 。 并在图上标出它们的方向。
3. 两全同的三棱柱，倾角为，静止地置于 光滑的水平地面上，将质量相等的圆盘与滑块分 别置于两三棱柱斜面上的A 处，皆从静止释放， 且圆盘为纯滚动，都由三棱柱的A 处运动到B 处， 则此两种情况下两个三棱柱的水平位移 ___相等；_____（填写相等或不相等）， 因为_两个系统在水平方向质心位置守恒 。 4. 已知偏心轮为均质圆盘，质心在C 点，质量 为m ，半径为R ，偏心距2 R OC =。转动的角速度为， 角加速度为 ，若将惯性力系向O 点简化，则惯性 力系的主矢为_____ me ，me 2 ；____； 惯性力系的主矩为__2 )2(22α e R m +__。各矢量应在图中标出。 5.质量为m 的物块，用二根刚性系数分别为k 1和k 2 的弹簧连接，不计阻尼，则系统的固有频率 为_______________，若物体受到干扰力F =H sin （ωt ） 的作用，则系统受迫振动的频率为______________ 在____________条件下，系统将发生共振。 二、计算题（本题15分）
《翻译理论与实践》期末考试试卷附答案B卷 一、单词翻译（共10题，每题2分，共20分） 1、neutral 2、meter 3、sodium hydroxide 4、external 5、in the absence of 6、间歇的；断断续续的 7、复杂的 8、依靠；由于 9、限于 10、粗粒子 二、句子翻译（共5题，每题4分，共20分） 1、Acid-base indicators (also known as pH indicators) are substances which change color with pH. 2、I am bored with the dull office work. 3、It’s my pleasure to offer some help to you. 4、从大连到沈阳的直达特快火车什么时候离开？ 5、在周末，我们可以去游泳或去钓鱼。 三、段落翻译（共3题，每题20分，共60分） 1、In metals, thermal conduction results from the motion of free electrons, and there is close correspondence between thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. In solids that are poor conductors of electricity and in most liquids, thermal conduction results from momentum transfer between adjacent vibrating molecules or atoms. In gases, conduction occurs by the random motion of molecules, so that heat is “diffused” from hotter regions to colder ones. 2、黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止
英语翻译练习题及答案 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect) _________________________ 2．等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) _________________________ 3．从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable) _________________________ 4．据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It) _________________________ 【答案】 1．Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。 1．考查非谓语动词。affect表示“影响”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，stay up表示“熬夜”，本句使用动名词作主语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，故翻译为：Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．考查时态语态。by the time引导的时间状语从句，表示将来的时间时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，stadium与set up之间是被动关系，所以用将来完成时的被动语态，故翻译为：By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．考查固定句式。be capable of表示“能够”，根据句意可知本句使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，陈述的是客观事实。用一般现在时，故翻译为：In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work. 4．考查形式主语和非谓语动词。ability后用不定式作后置定语，ability to do表示“做……的能力”，根据提示词可知本句使用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in
2010 ～2011 学年度第 二 学期 《 理论力学 》试卷（A 卷） 一、填空题（每小题 4 分，共 28 分） 1、如图1.1所示结构,已知力F ，AC ＝BC ＝AD ＝a ，则CD 杆所受的力F CD ＝（ ），A 点约束反力F Ax =（ ）。 2、如图1.2 所示结构，,不计各构件自重，已知力偶矩M ，AC=CE=a ，A B ∥CD 。则B 处的约束反力F B =（ ）；CD 杆所受的力F CD =（ ）。 E 1.1 1.2 3、如图1.3所示，已知杆OA L ，以匀角速度ω绕O 轴转动，如以滑块A 为动点，动系建立在BC 杆上，当BO 铅垂、BC 杆处于水平位置时，滑块A 的相对速度v r =（ ）；科氏加速度a C =（ ）。 4、平面机构在图1.4位置时， AB 杆水平而OA 杆铅直，轮B 在水平面上作
纯滚动，已知速度v B ，OA 杆、AB 杆、轮B 的质量均为m 。则杆AB 的动能T AB =（ ），轮B 的动能T B =（ ）。 1.3 1.4 5、如图1.5所示均质杆AB 长为L ,质量为m,其A 端用铰链支承,B 端用细绳悬挂。当B 端细绳突然剪断瞬时, 杆AB 的角加速度 =（ ），当杆AB 转到与水平线成300角时，AB 杆的角速度的平方ω2=（ ）。 6、图1.6所示机构中,当曲柄OA 铅直向上时,BC 杆也铅直向上,且点B 和点O 在同一水平线上；已知OA=0.3m,BC=1m ，AB=1.2m,当曲柄OA 具有角速度ω=10rad/s 时,则AB 杆的角速度ωAB =（ ）rad/s,BC 杆的角速度ωBC =（ ）rad/s 。 A B 1.5 7、图1.7所示结构由平板1、平板2及CD 杆、EF 杆在C 、D 、E 、F 处铰接而成，在力偶M 的作用下，在图上画出固定铰支座A 、B 的约束反力F A 、F B 的作用线方位和箭头指向为（ ）（要求保留作图过程）。
汉译英专项练习 一、倍数增减的表示法 5 1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍). is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+ than） 2) This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数+ as +形容词/副词+ as） 3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍). is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数+名词） 4) The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一). wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词+ by +数词/百分比/倍数） 5) They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍). plan to double their investment （考点：double +名词） 二、时态6 1) Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） 2) When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了). the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） 3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假). my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历). have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了). No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been…since sb. did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了). He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1.现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态5 1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代). is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2) The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版). will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时）