当前位置:文档之家› 【英语论文】商务交往中的性别差异 Gender differences in intercultural business communication

【英语论文】商务交往中的性别差异 Gender differences in intercultural business communication

【英语论文】商务交往中的性别差异 Gender differences in intercultural business communication
【英语论文】商务交往中的性别差异 Gender differences in intercultural business communication

Gender differences in intercultural business communication

Abstract: According to the latest research in the United States of America, men and women talk in such different ways that it is like people from two different cultures trying to communicate especially in the business world. These differences are mainly divided into two parts: body language and verbal communication. There are lots of reasons as well.

Key words: communication,gender difference,reason

As a symbol system and social phenomena, language is the carrier of human thinking as well as communication tools, inevitably reflecting each side of community life. Gender differences commonly exist in every language, most gender differences in language originated from different social roles they played.

Most people know that gender differences exist in body language and non verbal behaviors. However, gender differences influence communication in the business world. Men and women tend to have distinct variations in the sending and receiving of messages via body language. Some of these differences include: Women typically are more skilled than men at both sending and receiving nonverbal messages. They tend to use body language both consciously and unconsciously to establish rapport, make judgments about truthfulness and deceit, and influence others in both overt and very subtle ways. They also tend to be better at spotting contradictions between verbal and nonverbal messages. Men typically are less skilled than women at both sending and receiving nonverbal messages. This does not mean, however, that body language is something men do not use or understand. On the contrary, men use nonverbal behaviors regularly to communicate things like status, dominance, protection, and aggression. They tend to be better at sending and receiving nonverbal messages when interacting with other men.

Much has been written about men and women using body language in social and romantic situations, but there is increasing attention being focused on interactions in the business world. The information emerging from this focus is quite fascinating and can be very useful when navigating through gender communication differences in the workplace.

Language behavior differences between male and female exist in different social groups, in spite of larger differences in some communities; there are smaller differences in other communities. Generally speaking, compared with feminine language, male language tends to be more straightforward, more confident, and more certain rude while feminine language has characteristics such as polite, euphemistical and non-arbitrary. It is found that male is always in domination during conversation between male and female. Unlike male, female is always a subordinate during conversation between male and female generally [10]. For example, during conversation we will often encounter the following situations: Men always take initiative to interrupt others’ topics during conversation in order to get the discourse power in conversation while women are more likely to listen to others who interrupt them; in addition, women take part in the discussion by means of asking questions. Men usually give accurate answers to questions others raised in conversation, or they will turn deaf ears to them in order to strengthen their important roles. However, women often dare not to give their own opinions directly; instead, they give their own ideas under the condition of others’ approvals and hope to get others’ support in order to continue their own opinions.

With the deepening development of gender differences, the focus of gender differences gradually shifted from vocabulary differences to gender differences in discourse styles which greatly broadened the horizons of studies and allowed the researchers to understand and master the relationship between the use of language and gender differences comprehensively and accurately at a higher level. Linguists’ investigation of discourse situation in social interact ion shows that there exist different degrees of differences in the choice of topic, the volume of speech, the mode and strategy of discourse. In general, female behaves more cooperatively in conversation, usually they take turns in speech and everybody has chance to speak, individuals rarely takes a long time in speech. When starting their speech, female tends to refer to previous things which others have expressed explicitly and tries to link what she want say to them. They pay attention to maintaining the continuity and smooth of talking. Therefore, they tend to spend more time on the same topic, thus the topics change more slowly. Female pays more attention to the reaction and participation of listeners during conversation and makes this attention reflect on speech (for example, more use of personal pronouns such as we, you which conclude listeners or imperative sentences and tag questions begin with let’s). By comparison, male often shows strong competition during conversation, tending to control the choice of topics and chances of speech instead of letting others say, and the result may be someone talking much more than others. When starting their conversation, male rarely refers to previous things which others expressed, instead they only pay attention to their own topic, thus there will be more unexpected topics, jumps and weak continuity in their conversations. As to the listeners, male pays less attention on their reaction and participation. Male reacts slowly when others express their opinions, usuall y after others’ speeches, what’s more, their reactions are brief, and most are noncommittal with few positive comments. Male interrupts others more than female does during other people’s speech, even with direct and blunt tone and few apologizes. As speakers, male will send a clear protest against those who interrupt them generally while most female keeps silent. Thus, male always keeps high volume of speech during conversation; they tend to attack against each other more easily. Bickering, shouting, cursing, threats, ridicule, etc. are all significantly more than the conversation between different genders.

Gender differences in communication is an extremely complex social, cultural, psychological and physiological phenomena which involves factors like the political language, ideological, social status, role relations, language attitude, occupation, educational level, social interaction, scope of activities and neurological, psychological and other factors. But the investigation found that some important factors are physiological factors, psychological factors, historical factors and social factors which lead to gender differences in English language.

Innate biological differences between men and women decided that men are different from women. According to th e latest medical research, women’s left hemisphere becomes mature earlier than men’s as to the development of language ability. As a result, women speak more fluently and with more emotion colors than men.

So far, the influential explanations of gender differences in speech act are from the perspective of social psychology linguistics. Men are good at transferring all his power to control others including women; women realize that they are weak in power, they will quite the power struggle in conversation automatically and seek other chances to get self-protection in conversation with men and support from other women in conversation with women, that is elegant and polite language.

Gender differences are easy to produce gender discrimination and gender inequality. To eliminate gender discrimination, it is bound to find out the reasons for gender differences. Western classical feminists believe that the formation of unequal gender relations has gone through three stages of transition. First, from the physical differences to social differences, then social differences generates value relation, at last, value relation generates unequal concept of value[16]. The relationship between language and gender is extremely complex, involving social, cultural, ethnic, geographical, human psychology and physiology and many other aspects and are associated with social status, roles, language attitude, occupation, educational level, social interaction, the scope of activities and many other factors [17]. Therefore, only based on the theory of sociolinguistic, based on actual credible corpus, taking various factors into consideration as well as taking more latitude, multiple viewpoints of analysis, can researchers make a scientific, accurate and objective interpretation on differences between language and gender.

商务沟通结业论文

论有效沟通的重要性商务沟通结业论文 学院:商学院 专业:电子商务 学号:201423437 姓名:李一凡

所谓沟通,是人与人之间的思想和信息的交换,是将信息由一个人传达给另一个人,逐渐广泛传播的过程。 在处理微妙的人际关系或传递复杂信息时,面对面沟通仍然是最合适的方式。比如,对于涉及到支出和收入之类比较敏感的薪资或合同谈判情况,双方在同一个房间协商将更容易取得进展。面对面沟通或者模拟的面对面互动有助于人们讨论复杂问题,在日益逼近最后期限的情况下迅速做出决策。 通作为一个重要的人际交往技巧,在日常生活中的运用非常广泛,其影响也很大。可以说,人际矛盾产生的原因,大多数都可归于沟通不畅。 石油大王洛克菲勒说:“假如人际沟通能力也是同糖或咖啡一样的商品的话,我愿意付出比太阳底下任何东西都珍贵的价格购买这种能力。”由此可见沟通的重要性。而对于联系日益紧密的现代人来说,有效的沟通对于一个人的学习、生活、工作有越来越重要的影响,如何处理好这些人与人、人与团队、团队与团队沟通上的问题,正确了解沟通过程以及影响沟通的因素,正确掌握处理沟通障碍的方法,成为现代人急需了解和解决的难题。实践证明,良好的沟通对于任何群体和组织的工作都十分重要,尤其对于即将走上工作岗位的我们来说,了解有效沟通这门学科,掌握正确的沟通方法和技巧,是非常必要的。沟通在工作中就如人的血脉,如果沟通不畅,就如血管栓塞,会导致器官缺血坏死。所以沟通是相当重要的。生活中没有沟通过,就没有快乐人生。事业中没有沟通,就没有成功。工作中没有沟通,就没有了乐趣和机会。由此可见沟通的重要性。 一、有效沟通的重要性 1、提高工作效率,化解矛盾 工作中的任何一个决策都需要一个有效的沟通过程才能施行,沟通的过程就是对决策的理解传达的过程。决策表达得准确、清晰、简洁是进行有效沟通的前提,而对决策的正确理解是实施有效沟通的目的。每当决策下达时,决策者要和执行者进行必要的沟通,以对决策达成共识,使执行者准确无误的按照决策执行,避免因为对决策的曲解而造成的执行失误。想要完成某项工作的群体成员之间进行交流包括:相互在物质上的帮助、支持和在感情上的交流、沟通,信息的沟通是联系群体共同目的和群体中有协作的个人之间的桥梁,良好的沟通能化解不必要的矛盾,取得事半功倍的效果。 2、从表象问题过渡到实质问题的手段 想要解决任何问题,只有从问题的实际出发,实事求是才能解决问题。而在沟通中获得的信息是最及时、最前沿、最实际、最能够反映当前工作情况的。当我们在学习、工作中遇见各种各样的问题时,如果单纯的从事物的表面现象来解决问题,不深入了解情况,接触问题本质,会给我们带来不必要的困惑和麻烦。 个人与个人之间、个人与群体之间、群体与群体之间开展积极、公开的沟通,从多角度看待一个问题,那么在解决遇到的问题时就能统筹兼顾,未雨绸缪。甚至在许多问题还未发生时,就从表象上看到、听到、感觉到,经过研究分析,把一些不利因素扼杀掉,使我们的工作更加平稳顺利的展开和进行。 二、影响有效沟通的因素 1.能力限度 沟通是一个说与听相互作用的过程,双方既需要合适的表达能力,也需要恰当的倾听能力。一个人的语言表达能力(包括口头与书面)直接决定了沟通的有效性。另一方面,倾听是沟通中的核心过程。倾听能促发更深层次的沟通。而且,也只有善于倾听,方可深入探测到对方的心理,以及他的语言逻辑思维。所以,

关于性别歧视About Gender Discrimination(大学英语作文)

关于性别歧视About Gender Discrimination 大学英语作文 The date of March 8th reminds people of the importance of women, for they give birth to the children and the contribution they make to the family. Nowadays, more women have got the respect and certain rights. But gender discrimination still exists, for both men and women.3月8日这个日期提醒了人们女性的重要性,因为她们生孩子,对家庭做出了贡献。如今,越来越多的女性得到了尊重和某些权利。但是性别歧视仍然存在,对于男性和女性来说。For the discrimination on women, it is easy for people to notice this problem. In the last century, the word feminism was created and many women fought for the respect. Now most women have grown into the new generation, they are confident and independent. But in some aspects, women are still struggling for the equality with men. Such as the pay in job and the chances to work.人们很容易注意到对女性的歧视这个问题。在上个世纪,人们创造了女权主义这个词,许多女性争取得到尊重。现在大多数女性已经成长为新一代,她们自

很全-很详细的商务英语论文题目

商务英语论文题目 1、论文化因素对英汉翻译的影响 2、商务英语的特点及翻译技巧 3、商务函电翻译的用词技巧 4、商标名称的翻译与策略 5、汉语中新词汇的翻译技巧 6、商务谈判中的语言艺术 7、商务谈判的文化障碍 8、商务英语函电在对外贸易中的作用 9、商务英语函电翻译技巧 10、商务谈判中英语的重要性 11、浅谈商务英语写作时避免修饰语错位的方法 12、礼仪在商务谈判中的作用 13、浅谈涉外合同英语特色 14、电子商务对国际贸易的影响及对策 15、商务谈判的艺术性 16、跨文化的商务谈判 17、商务英语交往中的礼貌原则 18、如何翻译好日常商务文书 19、商务英语信函的语体分析 20、浅谈商务信函的文体特征 21、英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译 22、商务英语汉英翻译中从句的运用技巧 23、论跨文化因素对商业广告英语翻译的影响 24、跨文化商务交际中的语言和非语言因素 25、浅谈英语告示语的语言特色与翻译 26、商务英语阅读研究 27、商务英语写作问题研究 28、商务英语考试技巧研究 29、商务英语听力策略研究 30、英语口语或语法在商务领域中的应用 31、商务函电交流研究 32、商务英语学习方法 33、跨文化交际与中西文化冲突 34、国际商务中的跨文化交际问题 35、商务谈判中的跨文化冲突 36、国际商务谈判中应注意的文化因素 37、国际商务谈判中的“文化壁垒” 38、广告英语的分类及分析 39、虚拟语气与商务英语表达 40、跨文化交际在商务英语学习中的运用 41、商务英语学习中跨文化交际能力的培养 42、商务英语在国际营销中的作用

43、术语在国际商务中的重要性 44、商务谈判语言技巧 45、浅析跨文化交际中的商务礼仪 46、例析论网络环境下商务英语的拓展学习模式 47、浅析商务英语汇商务英语中俚语的风格及翻译 48、商务英语教学中英语知识与商务知识的关系 49、商务英语中以谓语动词为中心的基本句型的翻译 50、商务英语的语言特色探讨 51、反译法在商务英语中的应用 52、奈达“等值”理论于商务英语翻译中的理解和应用 53、商务英语中的平行结构及其翻译方法 54、语用原则在商务英语应用中的度范畴 55、商务英语语篇文体特征分析 56、商务英语常用单词的多义现象例析 57、商务英语中的委婉表达及其翻译 58、商务英语翻译中的跨文化因素 59、商务英语中书面语言的文体特征及语用分析 60、社会文化迁移对中国式英语的影响 61、英语写作中常见中式英语分析 62、汉译英中遇到新词语的译法问题 63、美国英语习语与文化 64、中美日常交际中的文化差异 65、中西方文化差异及语言体现 商务英语论文题目|商务英语毕业论文题目参考 一、英语论文基本格式 1、毕业论文结构包括:主标题、论文摘要、正文(一般不少于5000字)、注释、参考书目,注释统一用尾注。 2、板式:毕业论文一律用计算机打印。(使用A4规格打印,每页30行) 二、阅读类参考题目以下参考题目对应的范文请到VIP留学生论文网下载,如需原创论文需与在线辅导老师沟通。 1、持续性交际法对商务英语学习者口语和写作能力提高的研究分析 2、商务英语文体学分析 3、语篇功能对等视角的商务英语翻译 4、高职商务英语专业实践课程开发 5、关联理论在商务英语阅读教学中的应用 6、成人商务英语教学中学生自主学习能力的培养 7、功能对等理论视角下的商务英语翻译 8、中职商务英语教学中跨文化交际意识的培养 9、论商务英语翻译中的文化转向 10、职前学生商务英语词汇教学法探索 11、商务英语中模糊语言的应用及其语用分析 12、从目的论角度看国际商务英语翻译的质量评估 13、高职院校商务英语精读教学中的任务型教学法 14、词典类型对翻译与习得商务英语新词作用的实证研究

商务沟通

摘要:说对话才能做对事,无论是在战略执行中,还是在商务谈判中,甚至同事关系的处理方面,良好的沟通是前提。只有具备高超的沟通技巧,才能增强职场竞争力,提升自身职业素养,在错综复杂的商务活动中游刃有余。 关键词:商务沟通含义启示 沟通是一种信息的传递,是一种思想的传播,是价值观的碰撞。其目的就在于通过与他人沟通交流来影响他人的观点、感受和价值观。而沟通不仅局限于信息的传播和交换,其核心在于“通”,即理解、说服并采取行动。商务沟通是指不同个体或组织在商务活动中围绕各种信息所进行的自传播、交换、理解和说服工作。在我们每个人的生活中,一个重要的技能就是维持和改善人际关系。良好的沟通技巧能让自己与对方产生很好的共情,让自己得到自己想要的信息,增进双方的了解,让双方在心情舒畅中达成共识。但在沟通中,我们应该注意到:沟通不是简单的你+我=你+我,即在沟通,如果双方没有共鸣,你说你的,我说我的,其结果必然是不欢而散的。 要做好沟通,首先就应该了解什么是沟通,以及它的组成。沟通的要素包括传送者和接受者、信息、噪音、反馈。任何一次沟通都必然存在传送者和接受者,他们是沟通的主体。在一些沟通过程中每一个参与者既是传送者也是接受者。而沟通双方之间传递的思想和情感则是信息。在人际沟通中,人们一般通过听觉、视觉或触觉来实现沟通。而噪音是在信息形成、传递、接收、理解、反馈过程中的各种干扰因素。反馈则是指信息传送者和接收者之间的相互作用,是沟通成立的必要条件。而当我们与人沟通时,应该遵循6C原则。即清晰、简明、准确、完整、有建设性、礼貌。清晰是指表达的信息结构完整、顺序有致,能够被信息受众所理解;简明是指表达同样多的信息要尽可能占用较少的信息载体容量;准确是指衡量信息质量和决定沟通结果的重要指标,准确首先是信息发出者头脑中的信息要准确,其次是信息的表达方式要准确,特别是不能出现重大的歧义;完整是对信息质量和沟通结果有重要影响的一个因素;有建设性是对沟通的目的性的强调,沟通中不仅要考虑所表达的信息要清晰、简明、准确、完整,还要考虑信息接收方的态度和接受态度,力求通过沟通使对方的态度有所改变;礼貌则是在沟通中能给予对方良好的第一印象甚至可产生移情作用,有利于沟通目标的实现。 要有效的进行沟通,明了沟通的基本内容,并进行细致的分析和准备。“为什么”也就是沟通的目标、目的。沟通的目标是沟通灵魂。如果目标不明,整个沟通过程就会南辕北辙。自己要确定为什么要沟通?通过沟通,我希望得到接受者的什么反应行动?而在沟通中,由于某种原因我们常常会对某个人或某件事形成某种成见或偏见,无法进行客观的评价而影响沟通。影响对其他人或其他事进行客观评价的因素主要包括:人们往往假定人的行为举止总是表现出相似性;受第一印象的影响很大;人们往往对具有类似背景的人们的行为产生某种心理定式;每个人的评价标准都存在局限性

Female inferiors性别歧视英语作文

Female inferiors Decades ago, Chairman Mao succinctly settled the age-old debate about gender equality when he stated that "woman holds up half of the sky". Male superiority so out of place in this age, when women are said to be equal to men in many aspects. However, we very grieved discovery already said goodbye to feudalism several hundred years China to be still unable get rid of the treatment of woman as inferiors thought the fetter. In this advanced society, phenomenon of female inferiors not only existing stably but also taking control of our minds and indicates in many fields. To begin with, take employment for example, women are excluded from the major department of productions. Many significant occupations such as executive or professional jobs prefer hiring male rather than woman. Moreover, man still holds perception that women should do more household routine, nurture their offspring and take care of pets. Last but not the least, people living in remote areas believed that men are superior to women, until this status does not also get thorough improvement now. When a woman got pregnant, they were begging for a son instead of a daughter. To prevent these troublesome already mentioned from happen again, we should create feministic atmosphere, promote gender equality and ask man to do household chores, because in a family where roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are

关于商务英语论文范文

关于商务英语论文范文 随着我国经济全球化、国际商务快速发展的进一步深化,各个领域都离不开商务英语人才。下面是为大家整理的商务英语论文,供大家参考。 商务英语论文范文一:医学院商务英语论文一、研究对象和方法 1.研究对象 作者所在学校2012级五年制临床医学系学生,共532人,男284人,女248人。其学习公共英语时间为一年半,即从大一入学即开设公共英语课程,目前为大二下学期,之前并未是接触过商务英语课程。 2.研究方法 通过问卷调查以及与学生面对面的谈话获取其对商务英语课程的看法,设计内容包含“你之前是否接触过商务英语知识”,“你是否对于商务英语相关课程感兴趣”,“你是否会选择商务英语作为英语提高课”等选项。通过查阅有关文献资料并依据有关学科的理论方法,初拟了调查问卷,并在调查前进行了信度和效度的检验,本研究共发出调查问卷500份,实际回收478份,回收率95.6%。 二、结果 在I选项“你是否对于商务英语相关课程感兴趣?”中,72%的学生选择了“是”。在II选项“之前有接触过商务方面的知识么?”中

82%的学生选择了“没有”。在III选项“你认为医学专业学生是否有必要学习商务方面的课程?”中63%的学生选择了“是”。在IV选项“你认为商务相关课程对你是否会有求职或创业方面的帮助?”中78%的学生选择了“是”。在V选项“你是否会选择商务英语作为英语提高课?”中70%的学生选择了“是”。数据表明大部分的学生对于商务英语课有兴趣并希望作为提高课开设。 三、讨论 结合调查问卷以及与学生的座谈,作者构思出商务英语教学改革的实施方案,其指导思想和目标为: (1)运用现代教育技术,改革教学模式、教学方法和教学手段。具体是以多媒体教育为主导,更多的运用视频,图片等方式讲解。 (2)以学生为主体,更多寻求学生的反馈,激发学生的学习积极性。 (3)逐步实行分级教学,达到因材施教。在教学改革的内容上,要求转变教学理念,以学生为中心安排实施教学计划。从调查报告的数据统计分析可以看出,遵义医学院珠海校区55%左右的学生有在公司企业就业的打算,但他们普遍表示之前没有接触过商务方面的知识,因此80%以上的学生希望可以开设商务英语课程以提升自己这方面的能力。在开设的所有提高课程中,选择商务英语的比例达到近70%,78%的学生表示商务英语相关课程对未来就业非常有帮助,因此作者认为商务英语相关课程在学生层面深受学生喜欢,同时作者获学校批准的启动项目“商务英语专业在医学院校中开设的必要性”,

商务沟通论文

跨文化的商务沟通 一、研究的必要性、重要性 代尔·卡耐基曾经说过:“一个人的成功,只有15%来自他的专业技术,而85%是靠人际沟通和自身的处事能力”。 国际商务活动既是一种经济活动同时也是一种文化活动,中国商务人员要求在国外寻求市场、供应商、合作伙伴,建立附属公司和合资企业,需要具有不同文化背景。使用不同语言的商人进行商务往来,很有必要精心研究文化差异对国际商务活动带来的影响,并采取相应的对策,使我国企业在参与国际竞争中,不仅适用国际商务竞争者之间的经济环境,更能适用彼此之间的文化环境。并且取得竞争优势和获得国际经营主动权。在跨文化交际中,交际双方都有一种强烈的愿望:希望交际或沟通成功。但愿望和现实是有距离的。在跨文化交际中,由于文化不同,很容易造成交际受挫或失败,双方产生误解,甚至造成关系恶化。 随着全球经济一体化的纵深发展,跨文化商务沟通已成为国际贸易活动中的重要研究内容。由于跨文化商务沟通是在不同文化背景下的人群之间展开的,因此文化之间的差异会构成跨文化商务沟通的阻碍。 二、商务沟通中的文化差异及其影响 下面,我将从款待和致谢方式看中英文化差异对商务沟通的影响。 情景1在饭店中,顾客对服务员的夸赞 中国顾客:谢谢你的热情服务 英国服务员:不要提了 中国服务员:这是我应该做的 情景2为一个女服务员帮一个年长的男士往宾馆里抬行李 男顾客:非常感谢 英国服务员:这没什么 中国服务员:这是我的责任 中英两国在款待和致谢方式上存在很大的不同,由此可以看出文化差异在商务沟通中的体现。 1、言语差异语言是文化的重要部分,同时语言交流也是进行沟通的主要手段,语言由言语和非言语两部分组成,世界上的言语语言种类繁多,因此也对商务沟通产生了巨大的影响,甚至是决定性的作用。言语的差异主要体现在词汇、句法、语域的差异上。 2、非言语差异在跨文化背景下,商务沟通也受非言语交际差异的影响和制约。非言语交际包括很多方面,例如手势,眼神,面部表情,肢体语言等等。相同的非言语交际方式在不同的文化背景下会有不同的含义。这里分析一下商务沟通中的非言语差异。我们最常见的OK这个手势,在美国是“好”的意思,而在日本是代表“钱”的意思。又如见面问候方式在不同的文化背景下也有所不同,日本人见面时习惯鞠躬;泰国人见面时双手放在胸前做出祈祷的动作并鞠躬;印度人双手合拢并且拇指贴胸,美国人会弯曲食指招呼别人向自己这边来,而我们中国人把这个动作看做是召唤动物,不能用在人的身上,如果用来召唤人则是对人的侮辱。 3、价值观差异价值观的差异是商务沟通中的一个重要方面,文化是价值观的体现,所以在跨文化商务沟通中文化冲突实际上也是价值观的冲突。西方的价值观是重视个人努力奋斗,进取竞争的,从个人的奋斗中肯定个人的能力,树立自信心,获得满足感和荣誉感,这是因为西方人独立平等意识较强,肯定个人能力,西方人接受、承认和肯定竞争。与西方文化相反,传统的东方文化强调集体主义,并不喜欢竞争和彰显自我,认为成功是集体努力的

大学英语作文范文大学生应聘中的性别歧视Gender Inequality in Employment o

Gender Inequality in Employment of College Graduates Though people's concept of gender has changed a lot, gender inequality in some cases still exists. I will mainly express my opinions on gender inequality in employment of college graduates in this passage. It is generally acknowledged that college graduates are confronted with heavy pressure of seeking jobs in China. However it is more difficult for female graduates to seek a good job because of the social discrimination.There is no denying that female job-seekers are treated unequally when they apply for most of the jobs such as computer programmers, drivers, factory workers and so on. There are numerous reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Above all, compared with male graduates, female graduates are concerned to have inevitable physical weaknesses. In addition, women have to give birth to babies one day they get married, consequently they need a maternity leave for several months which certainly makes less profit for the company. As far as I am concerned, women can do as good as men even better than men, therefore women shouldn't be treated unequally. The government can take measures to improve this situation, in the meanwhile, the society and companies should also give equal opportunities to female graduates and male graduates. If this discrimination can be eliminated, our society will be bound to be better.

商务英语论文格式

镇江高等职业技术学校商务英语专业 毕业论文撰写手册 一、论文撰写的目的 毕业论文是高职高专大学生专科学业要求的一部分,目的是使学生在教师的指导下,通过进行文献检索、资料整理、问题分析、论文写作等活动,初步掌握科研的基本方法和学术论文的写作方法、培养独立进行科学研究和英文写作的能力。 二、毕业论文的基本要求 专科毕业论文要求学生对英美文学、英语语言学或商务英语领域中的某一方面有全面的了解,对某一问题进行归纳分析,并用英语正确得体的表述和论证,表明自己的确已经较好的掌握本专业的基础理论专业知识和基本技能,并具有从事英语或商务英语翻译工作或实际工作的初步能力。毕业论文应在老师指下由学生本人独立完成。 三、撰写的步骤与方法 专科论文的写作一般由选题文献检索与资料整理撰写提纲起草 论文教师批改修改定稿等步骤组成。具体做法是 (一)选题 撰写论文的第一步就是确定一个恰当的题目,然后围绕选题进行其他各项工作。在各自导师的指导下进行选题。选题共分四个方向,即:英美文学、英语语言学、商务操作和英汉翻译学。 选题注意事项:应根据自己的所学专业来确定;避免选择过偏、过窄、

过于生僻的题目。选题应该有意义,有新意,观点正确、明确;选题应在个人能力可及范围之内;确定选题之前,对该选题所涉及的资料有充分的了解;通过对该选题论证和分析,能得出较客观公正的结论。(二)文献检索与资料整理 文献检索与资料整理是论文写作过程中非常重要而又经常被人们忽视的环节。只有掌握了有关题目的相关资料,了解其研究现状和最新成果,才有可能找到合理恰当的切入点。因此,在论文写作初期要着力搜集与选题相关的资料,边搜集、边阅读、边整理。搜集整理资料的过程就是研究的过程,也是形成自己的观点的过程。只有吃透了别人的观点,才能发现字观点与别人的异同,才能提出自己独特的建树。 (三)拟订提纲 在对资料进行整理分析的基础上,逐步形成自己的观点,然后根据逻辑关系对这些论点,论据,素材进行整理,构思论文的框架,明确论文的层次,拟就论文提纲。提纲要提交指导教师提出修改意见,经指导教师许可后,考生即可动笔写作。 (四)起草论文 论文的起草必须由考生独立完成,不准找人代笔,不准抄袭他人作品或照搬他人观点。论文应层次分明、论点突出,论述充分。考生应在规定的各个阶段的期限前将稿件交指导教师批阅。(五)教师批改 指导教师对学生的论文稿件要进行认真细致的审阅,要检查

个人信息管理系统课程设计

经济与管理学院 《数据库系统原理》课程设计报告(2013/2014学年第一学期) 学生姓名:汪启源 专业班级:信管112001 学生学号: 指导教师: 2013年12 月10 日

《个人信息管理系统》的设计

目录 1 ................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。. 系统概述.. (4) 1.1. 设计背景 (5) 1.2. 设计目的 (5) 1.3. 设计内容 (5) 1.4. 运行环境 (6) 2. 需求分析 (6) 2.1. 工作流图 (6) 2.2数据流图 (7) 3. 概念模型 (10) 3.1. 关系模型 (10) 3.2. 各模块E-R图 (10) 4. 逻辑结构设计 (12) 5.物理结构设计 (14) 6.心得体会 (16)

. 系统概述 1.1. 设计背景 对学校而言,个人信息的管理能极大的帮助学生和老师管理生活学习或办公的琐事,过去都是用纸质物品记录存储,缺点很多,面临着保管困难,查找困难,浪费资源,不环保等诸多问题,现在需要一个应用于计算机的强大软件来管理这些信息,解放劳动力,节省资源,因此,借助于强大计算机的处理能力,能够把人从繁重的日常工作中解脱出来,并且更加准确、安全、清晰的管理自我信息,势在必行。 1.2. 设计目的 对通讯录、备忘录、个人日记、个人财务的部分功能进行管理,以个人信息系统的方式简化传统的纸质个人管理的工作,方便个人的日常生活和工作。 1.3. 设计内容 个人信息管理系统是针对个人生活中通讯、日志、日记、财务管理放面的一些事务进行管理,参照现有的开发环境,利用可用资源和使用环境,设计出能满足相应功能的特点,构造并确定出类和类成员函数。实现一个能够进行数据库的数据定义、数据操纵、数据控制等处理功能。 具体功能:总体而言该系统具备对数据进行录入、修改、删除、查询、统计、报表等功能;在个人通讯录方面实现对个人通讯录进行分类、按编号录入、删除、查询等功能;在备忘录方面实现对个人重大事件进行记录,重要日期进行记录并提

商务沟通与谈判期末论文

Southwest university of science and technology 《商务沟通与谈判》 浅谈商务沟通的重要性 学院名称工商学院 专业名称市场营销 学生姓名赵晓晨 学号5120331313 指导教师杨上卿 二零一六年六月【摘要】

随着我国经济的快速发展,商务沟通也开始变得日益频繁。加之全球经济一体化进程的加快,特别是我国加入WTO以来,国内经济飞速发展。因此,处理好各种商务活动就成为从事国际国内商务活动人士越来越关心的问题。本文从商务沟通交流的重要性展开,详细叙述了商务沟通中的特征以及如何处理沟通中遇到的障碍和如何达成高效的商务沟通,从而达成商务沟通的高效﹑双赢。 【关键词】 商务沟通﹑沟通交流﹑沟通技巧﹑沟通的意义 【正文】

一﹑什么是商务沟通 商务沟通,是指商务活动中的交流,洽谈过程.其效果要看个人综合素质,经验,(其中驾驭语言能力,应变能力,亲和力,诚信度,影响力等)公司实力等诸多因素.沟通是一门艺术,也是一门学问。只在商务沟通中游刃有余的人才能取得令人瞩目的成就。主要侧重一些技能,包括倾听,面谈,电话沟通,会议沟通,演讲与演示,商务文书的写作以及跨文化沟通等内容。沟通有个最终的目的,有时候只是为了获取一些需要的信息,有的时候是为了谈判,而有的时候看似什么都没有的则是下一个沟通的伏笔。沟通在现代社会的重要意义勿庸置疑。《大英百科全书》指出,沟通是“若干人或者一群人互相交换信息的行为”。这里的沟通是指人与人之间的人际沟通。其实除了人际沟通之外,它还包括自己和自己在思想观念上的交流和传递,也就是自我沟通。美国著名传播学者布农指出,沟通是将观念或思想由一个人传送到另一个人的程序,或者是个人自身内的传递,其目的是使接受沟通的人获得思想上的了解。 二﹑为什么要进行商务沟通 商务谈判是指经济贸易合作的双方为达成某种交易或解决某种争端而进行的协商洽谈活动。在这样的协商活动中双方的交换条件包括产品质量、经营信誉、技术优势等实质性的因素起着主导作用,但就其外部流程和形态而言商务谈判又是双方谈判人员运用语言传达观点、交流意见的过程。因此商务谈判是商务合作和贸易往来至为关键的,关乎交易成败。正因为如此,我们我们要为达成高效﹑双赢的商务沟通而努力。 三﹑商务沟通(沟通即问和答) (一)问的艺术 问在商务谈判中扮演着十分重要的角色。提问有助于信息的搜集引导谈判走势诱导对方思考同时对方的回答也可相对形成有效的刺激。 1.使用间接的提问方式。间接提问使表达更客气更礼貌。在商务谈判中提问几乎贯穿谈判的全过程大多数的提问都是说话人力求获得信息有益于说话人的。这样根据礼貌等级提问越间接表达越礼貌。 2.使用选择性的提问方式。某商场休息室里经营咖啡和茶刚开始服务员总是问顾客:“先生喝咖啡吗?”或者是“先生喝茶吗?”其销售额平平。后来老板要求服

高中英语作文:关于性别歧视

高中英语作文:关于性别歧视 The date of March 8th reminds people of the importance of women, for they give birth to the children and the contribution they make to the family. Nowadays, more women have got the respect and certain rights. But gender discrimination still exists, for both men and women. 3月8日这个日期提醒了人们女性的重要性,因为她们生孩子,对家庭做出了贡献。如今,越来越多的女性得到了尊重和某些权利。但是性 别歧视仍然存有,对于男性和女性来说。 For the discrimination on women, it is easy for people to notice this problem. In the last century, the word feminism was created and many women fought for the respect. Now most women have grown into the new generation, they are confident and independent. But in some aspects, women are still struggling for the equality with men. Such as the pay in job and the chances to work. 人们很容易注意到对女性的歧视这个问题。在上个世纪,人们创造 了女权主义这个词,很多女性争取得到尊重。现在绝大部分女性已经成 长为新一代,她们自信并且独立。但在某些方面,女性仍在争取与男性 平等。比如工作酬劳和工作的机会。 For the discrimination on men, which is easily to be ingored. When people see a man who dresses the colorful clothes, or polishes his nails, they will laugh at him,for this is a girl thing and a man should not do it. Men are considered to be different from women in their acts. Actually, men have the right to do what they want, but the public opinion limits them.

商务英语毕业论文范文

学号:20125061824 商务英语写作论文 学院:外国语学院 专业:商务英语 年级: 2 0 1 2 级 姓名:胜男 论文题目:Implication of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations 指导教师:李晶漪职称:副教授成绩: 2014 年6 月19 日

Contents Abstract (3) Key words (4) 摘要 (4) 关键词 (4) 1.Introduction (4) 2. Types of Culture Differences (5) 2.1 Value View (5) 2.2. Negotiating Style (5) 2.3. Thinking Model (6) 3. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiations (6) 3.1Impact of Value Views Differences on International Business Negotiations (7) 3.2 Impact of Negotiating Style Differences on International Business Negotiations (7) 3.3 Impact of Thinking Model Differences on International Business Negotiation8 4. Coping Strategy of Negotiating across Cultures (9) 4.1 Making Preparations before Negotiation. (9) 4.2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice (10) 4.3 Conquering Communication Barriers (10) 5. Conclusion (11) Bibliography (12)

商务沟通论文

商务沟通论文 2013-06-02

摘要:沟通是人与人之间信息交流的必要手段,我们在沟通时或多或少都会有些问题,遇到问题要怎么去解决? 关键词:沟通、问题、解决方法 正文: 一、沟通的重要性 通过这学期学习商务沟通这门课,让我知道良好的人际交往和沟通能力不是与生俱来的,它需要在社会交往实践中学习,锻炼和提高。大学生在交往过程中,也有它内在的规律性,即依据一定的交往原则。只有遵循了正确的交往原则才能建立起和谐的人际关系,也不能在交往中掌握和创造更好的人际交往的艺术。 沟通是人与人之间进行信息交流的必要手段,每一个社会人都离不开沟通。如果您是一名销售人员,需要推销您的产品,就要与客户进行有效的沟通;如果您是一名中层管理者,为了更好的做好上传下达,也需要进行良好的沟通;如果您是公司的客服人员,良好的沟通是您处理客户关系的关键武器。不谈工作,在生活中,父母同样需要和孩子进行有效的沟通,才能更有助于孩子的成长;夫妻之间也需要良好的沟通,才能增进彼此的感情;另外,婆媳关系,朋友关系等等都需要良好的沟通。 二、自己在沟通上存在的问题 1、自我中心:在与别人交往时,“我”字优先,只顾及自己的需要和利益,强调自己的感受,而不考虑别人。在与他人相处时,不顾场合,不考虑别人的情绪,自己高兴时,就高谈阔论,眉飞色舞,手舞足蹈;不高兴时,就郁郁寡欢,谁都不理,或是乱发脾气,根本不尊重他人,漠视他人的处境和利益。 2、自我封闭:不愿让别人了解自己,总喜欢把自己的真实思想、情感和需要掩盖起来,往往持一种孤傲处世的态度,只注重自己的内心体验,在心理上人为地建立屏障,故意把自我封闭起来。 3、猜疑妒忌。对别人缺乏信任,胡乱猜忌,说风就是雨,很容易暗示。猜疑是人际关系和谐的蛀虫。 三、应该怎么样解决自己沟通上的问题(应该怎么做) 1、应该善于结交。在人际交往中,结交的过程一般要精力彼此注意、初步解除和亲密接触三个阶段。善于结交是指能够巧妙地引起对方注意,并主动制造机会,自然地与对方进行初步接触,进而保持进一步接触的过程。 2、善于表达。常言道:与君一席话,胜读十年书。谈话是沟通信息,获得间接

文化全球化背景下中美商务沟通中的跨文冲突分析--英语(教育方向)毕业论文

毕业论文 On Inter-cultural Conflicts in Sino-America Business Communication Under the Background of Cultural Globalization 文化全球化背景下中美商务沟通中的跨文化 冲突分析 院(系)名称外国语学院 专业名称英语(教育方向) 学生姓名 指导教师 年月日

Acknowledgements The thesis is completed although a lot to be desired. While the completion the thesis cannot be separated from the great help of a lot of people. I would like to extend my warmest gratitude and genuine appreciation to those who give me support and assistance directly and indirectly during the process of making the research. First and foremost, I would like to address my special thanks to my erudite and amiable supervisor, associate professor XXX. She provides me valuable advice and suggestions about thesis as well as many life truth. Her righteous scholarship and upright life attitude influenced me deeply. Besides, I want to show my gratitude to all the teachers in the XXX College. Their earnest teachings not only gave me a lot of knowledge but also helped me to set up correct outlook on life. Thirdly, I would like to express my gratefulness to my dearest classmates such as XXX and XXX. They always gave me advice friendly and encouraged me heartily during the time I completing the thesis. Last but not least, I want to give my thanks to my patents. Their earnest support and patiently care is the wealth of my whole life.

性别歧视英语作文

Women are not equal with men? After women have made great strides for their rights,leaders gradually realized the necessity to achieve the equality of men and women and as well increasingly countries has put the principle of equality into practice.women are no longer being oppressed at the the bottom of society and even have equal opportunity to rise to leadership positions.however,gender discrimination still exist in insidious form today. Women and men may not dealt with in many field especially in the job market with female graduates affected the most.The figure indicates that more than 90 percent of female students experience gender discrimination in the force labour,while more than 40 percent of believe it is harder for women to get an offer than men. “men only”signs appeared frequently on recruit company,women are are refused by their image of delicate and lack of independent as people considered.So that women always lose many chances in choosing favorable job. Additionally , for same work,women receive lower payment at their job than men. Another statistic shows that women represent 50 percent of middle management and professional positions but the percentages of women at the top of organizations represent not even a third of that number which can not but arouse our thinking why do we have so few women leader?That’s recessive gender discrimination.In the absence of gender discrimination stress patriarchal society,in order to realize their own value,women must pay double or even several times effort than men. Finally,the ideas that son preference and discrimination against girls took strong root since ancient time,every family continues to have children until they have a boy,if they have a girl,they would like to have another child.Killed,aborted or neglected,at least 100 million girls have disappeared and the number is rising. As we can see from above analysis,women still encounter discrimination or unfair treatment in many aspects.To achieve the “equality of men and women”We still have a long way to go.

相关主题
相关文档 最新文档