英语四六级长难句结构分析经典100句
1. The American economic system is. organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济
中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付
费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润
的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被
制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加
卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消
费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他
一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)
自由签定合同的权利。
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这
样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动
找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[参考译文]不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施
到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服
务。
7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
[参考译文]残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部
的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
[参考译文]在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们
社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都
应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
[参考译文]它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可
以(使公司)建立-个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提
供出口变得可能。
10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
[参考译文]除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢
于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。
11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is
subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
[参考译文]如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达
到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的
细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人
会关注它。
12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to
show for there efforts.
[参考译文]得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一
一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
[参考译文]随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭
关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可
靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated,
time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
[参考译文]现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特
定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招
架。
15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
[参考译文]通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能
够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远
的开会地点。
16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
[参考译文]现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在
这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜
一筹。
17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[参考译文]在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经
验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一
种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。
18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate
in Britain.
[参考译文]英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前
会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下
的讨论话题。
19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
[参考译文]这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人
一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至
要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the
fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文]这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，
并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的
创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些
家族公司的财富。
21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
[参考译文]这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他
们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个
因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与
公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
[参考译文]像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了
分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟
社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
[参考译文]这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需
求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。
24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.
[参考译文]代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连
他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古
老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有
这样的私人关系。
25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology；the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
[参考译文]在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢
迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在对
那些技术性事物的非言语的、"空间性的"思考方面的天赋。
26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate
in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".
[参考译文]正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样："一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成
能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、
非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中
装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。"
27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition
of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".
[参考译文]罗伯特?法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、
轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成
自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新
的思想。"
28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.
He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant
surprise.
[参考译文]在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他
们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人来
说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧
异。
29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the
creationism/evolution debate.
[参考译文]在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道："这本书本
身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论／地化
论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's
Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the
lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北
部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立
法当局。
31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But
the tide is unlikely to turn back.
[参考译文]一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之
权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过
过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。
32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a
similar law to deal with euthanasia.
[参考译文]在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这
些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的
法律。
33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered
taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that
it deserves comment.
[参考译文]当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有
礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这
使得它值得被讨论一下。
34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in
the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
[参考译文]我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里：
一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神
所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。
35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
[参考译文]对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所
需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药
症状的出现。
36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"
[参考译文]上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们："难道这
就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道
你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?"
37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column', "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."
[参考译文]"对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中
写到，"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是
否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么
的富有争议或令人不快…"
38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in
the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
[参考译文]在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是
社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克
斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing
could be further from the truth.
[参考译文]有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如"轻踩刹车"以"操纵经济软着
陆"，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际
情况的了。
40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially
America's, have little productive slack.
[参考译文]经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传
统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产萧条
的时候。
41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
[参考译文]很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济
结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联
为基础的旧的经济模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt
that it barely generates electricity.
[参考译文]例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前
所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水
库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,
[参考译文]企业重组的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是对
一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因
素的驱动，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训
上的投资。
44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
[参考译文]他的同事迈克尔?比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公
司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。
45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
[参考译文]科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如1995年在纽约市举行的"逃离科学与理性"会议，以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的"(错误)
信息时代的科学"会议。
46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[参考译文]一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其
他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减
基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。
47. The 'true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the
depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
[参考译文]环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗?厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人
是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提
出置疑的人。
48. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years
ahead--has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first
time in the history of the nation's head counting.
[参考译文]这种发展--以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影
响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集
的地区。
49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon,
Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the
Golden State.
[参考译文]他们常常选择--现在依然这样选择--居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地
区，比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪，
以及"金州"(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。
50. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
[参考译文]结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18．5％一
一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
51. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep
in the interior of a plate.
[参考译文]跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球
表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现；相反，它们中有许多位于一个板
块较纵深的内部。
52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail,
but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion
with respect to the earth's interior.
[参考译文]携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板
块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部
的运动。
53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continentmay break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation
of a new ocean.
54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn't clear that they
actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
[参考译文]尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出
警告--许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们)
并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者
和销售者豁免责任。
55. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law
stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with
a lengthy list of possible ones.
[参考译文]与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他
们的建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不
必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意
一些可能会出现的危险。
56. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies
to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly
to targeted customers.
[参考译文]但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接
将信息"推出"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。
57. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a15612280.html,, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security
will attract online customers.
[参考译文]像Virtual Vineyards，Amazon．com这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、
热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户
注意的。
58. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader
reasons of radical education reform.
[参考译文]有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻
底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条
无形的界线。
59. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete
if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things
outside of himself.
[参考译文]我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能
很恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，
那么其公民特征就是不完整的。
60. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves
so many international corporations.
[参考译文]另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多
的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的
61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
[参考译文]但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。
62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one
had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
[参考译文]他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令
．不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他
还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得?夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90
天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally
unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".
参考译文]在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，
专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是"试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的"。
64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
[参考译文]因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生
前的最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研
究上将保持沉默。
65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in
the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
[参考译文]如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。
66. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
[参考译文]审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该
因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for
discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional
thinkers who "work well with the team."
[参考译文]如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一
样，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的"思维与众不同的人"，喜欢其
中较为传统的"善于团队合作"的思想者而受到指责了。
68. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off- spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.
[参考译文]当今人与人在很大程度上的平等--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，
并且连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比，
印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80％的自然选择中的优势。
69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may
seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
[参考译文]当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运
动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，
很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。
70. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can
hardly be classed as Literature.
[参考译文]然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗
歌是什么--就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的--这种形式
也很难被归入文学。71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."
[参考译文]但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充
斥着"扑通，扑通，185公斤重"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。
72. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. [参考译文]战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国
内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人
牺牲。
73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarII had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".
[参考译文]去年，当担任教育部长职务的濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引
入的自由主义革新削弱了日本民族"尊敬父母的道德品质"的时候，舆论哗然。
74. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in
favor of isolated, tow-generation households.
[参考译文]随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国1．19亿公民，其中整整76％的
人口定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取
而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。
75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially
must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least
a-mong them.
[参考译文]如果野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享；尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。
76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs--the locations, place names and name brands
may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. [参考译文]当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车--地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。
77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in
ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. [参考译文]相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以前的任
何时候都更供应充足：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的
避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人
生各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。
78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a
connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community
and, in particular, may not share its values.
[参考译文]科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线：因为任
何规则都有例外。然而，"业余"一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界，尤其未能分享科学圈子的价值。
79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.
[参考译文]很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域表
现最为明显，并且可以英国的地质学发展作例证来说明。
80. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.
[参考译文]将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发
现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文
所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。
81. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the
20th century.
[参考译文]这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊…卜发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该
种制度先是出现在19世纪的国家级刊物上，后又在20世纪被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。
82. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming
together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
[参考译文]一个颇为相似的分化过程已经导致专业的地质学家走到一起组成一到两
个全国性的专科学术社团，而业余地质爱好者们倾向于要么仍留在地方社团，要么也以另一种方式组成全国性机构。
83. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors
and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement
about what in the world those readers really want.
[参考译文]遗憾地讲，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些十分低层次
的发现，比如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误(和这些低层次发
现)交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。
84. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower
trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.
[参考译文]我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力同时也就是促成全球化进
程的那方基石：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及大。
幅度拓展市场，这些都要求更大规模的经营管理以满足消费者需求。
85. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high pro although, in the manner of a disgraced
government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family."
[参考译文]一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展，
使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受
屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称"我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起"
来掩盖我的退出。
86. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.
[参考译文]或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑
一职之后一样，我已经发现，放弃那种"为生活忙碌"的人生信条并转
而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。
87. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ' 80s-and is still linked to the politics of
thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. [参考译文]在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的--那是在80年
代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后一一现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相：
关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约；
生活的原因就多种多样了。
88. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the' 80s,
down-shifting in the mid' 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations. [参考译文]对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出
现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活--用有机肥种；
植蔬菜，并且自己放弃一切的风险--不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身；
能力是有限的这一事实。
89. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it' 11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman' s notorious bad taste in ties.
[参考译文]如果你是你讲话对象中的一员，那么你就身处一种(有利)位置宋了解
对你们来说都很普遍的经历和问题，而且你对餐厅中难以下咽的食物或
老总臭名昭彰的领带品位进行随意评判也是合适的。
90. There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery
with submillimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can
achieve with their handsaone
[参考译文]现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术－
这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。
91. But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate
with less human supervision and be able to make at least' a few decisions for them-
selves-goals that pose a real challenge.
[参考译文]但是如果机器人要达到节省人工的下一个阶段，它们将必须在更少的人
力监督之下工作，而且还要能够自己作出至少几个决定--这些目标才
会引发真正的挑战。
92. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the
98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a
winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
[参考译文]但是人类的头脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面，然后立刻放
弃98％的不相关部分，而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，
或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。
93. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for
a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25---0.5% of GDP.
[参考译文]OECD在其最近的《经济瞭望》中估计，如果石油价格与1998年的每
桶13美元相比在一年中平均为每22美元，这也只会给富裕的经济体的
石油进口账单上增加GDP的0．25％到0．5％。
94. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand.
[参考译文]另外一个不应因油价上涨而失眠的原因是，这次不像70年代的那些次上
涨，它并不是在普遍的商品价格暴涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生的。
95. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect", a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
[参考译文]尽管它裁决并没有宪法权利来支持医生帮助下的自杀行为，最高法院实
际上支持了被称为"双重效果"的医疗原则；这个已有几个世纪历史的
道德原则认为一个可能有两个效果的行为--一个想要达到的好的效果
和一个已经预见到的有害的效果是被允许的，如果行为的实施者想要的
只是好的效果的话。
96. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will
shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give
patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."
[参考译文]Nancy Dubler，Montehore医疗中心的主任，认为这一原则将会保护这样
一些医生，他们到目前为止还强烈坚持他们不能够给病人足量的镇痛剂
来控制他们的疼痛，如果这么做会加速他们的死亡的话。
97. On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
[参考译文]在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论
部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对他们来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的
身体痛苦。
98. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end--of--life care.
[参考译文]它把对疼痛的治疗不足和盲目积极使用"有可能延长死亡时间甚至让死
亡过程蒙羞的无效并且强迫性的医疗手段"视为生命临终医护的两个问
题。
99. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing new.
[参考译文]换句话说，在媒介机构的新闻采编室文化中存在着--套约定俗成的写作模式，为新闻报道提供了主干框架以及可直接套用的叙述结构。若没有
这些，新闻内容就会一团混乱，让人摸不着头脑。
100. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
[参考译文]如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键，它就应该进一步开放其多样化
项目，这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进
一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种
记者。
2018考研英语长难句小练精讲2 1句精讲： Parents claimed more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives than non-parents, and a closer look revealed it was fathers who most enjoyed these benefits. 【分析】 ●Parents 是主语，claimed是谓语动词，宾语是positive emotions and more meaning in their lives的并列结构，其中more… than…构成了比较级。 ●And 构成了并列句连接，后面分句中a closer look是主语，revealed是谓语，宾语从句it was fathers who most enjoyed these benefits 本身也是一个it was…who…. 构成的强调句。●these benefits 指代前方的more positive emotions and more meaning in their lives。 【词汇】 ●claim v. 声称，断言 ●a closer look 仔细观察 【译文】 相比那些还没做父母的人，为人父母者具有更积极的情感和生活也更有意义。通过更加仔细的观察，可以发现父亲在上述方面更明显。 2句精讲： Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term downshifting has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. 【分析】 ●本句主干是my experiment... has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality。注意其谓语是一个turn sth. into sth.的结构。 ●前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term downshifting ，此处的难点是term用作动词，term A. B.把…说成…，此处的A就是放置前方的what。 【词汇】 ●term n.学期，条款，术语;v.把…称为 ●tired excuse老掉牙的借口 【译文】 奇怪的是，我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为放慢生活节奏的试验已经将我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。[由于本句截取，中文意思会有些断章取义] 3句精讲： It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. 【分析】 ●本句是简单句，it主语，serves….. to assist为谓语部分，a rapid distribution of goods是宾语，at reasonable price是状语，后面紧接and连接的两个分词结构，做伴随状语：第一个结构是动宾结构，第二个结构是make it adj. to do sth. it作形式宾语，provide for export at competitive prices是真正的宾语。 【词汇】 ●serve to用于 ●distribution n.分配 【译文】它能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以建立一个稳固
考研英语长难句解析 长难句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Stre et Bank ruling. (2010 Text2) 难句分析 主句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order 主语谓语宾语 宾语从句1 that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges 从属连词主语谓语宾语 宾语从句2 that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its 从属连词主语定语从句系动词表语从句
本句为多重复合句，句子主干为The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order，stating that...and that...现在分词短语作宾语order的后置定语，说明order的内容。其中stating后面由and并列两个that引导的宾语从句，从句1中由并列连词rather than并列两个名词短语all 12 of th e court’s judges和a typical panel of three，作by的宾语。从句2中主语one issue后面是省略引导词that的定语从句，表语是whether引导的表语从句。
2000 Passage 2 5. The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper middle class India compared to the tribes. 【译文】今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同——意味着，与部落相比较，自然选择在印度中上阶层已经失去了80％的效力。 【析句】该句的主语是The grand mediocrity，谓语是means，其后跟着that引导的宾语从句，其中compared to the tribes是过去分词结构作状语，完整的说法是if/when it (the natural selection) is compared to the tribes。破折号中间的成分（everyone…of offspring）是插入语，其中survival和number of offspring都是介词in的宾语。【讲词】 mediocrity意为“平常，平庸”或指“平常的人，平庸的人”。其形容词是mediocre（平庸，平凡，普通）。When something is distinctly not as good as it could be, it is mediocre.（要是某个东西没有明显的好坏之处，那肯定是一个平庸的东西。）结合插入语（破折号里的词语），可以确定the grand mediocrity of today是指每个人的生存机会和后代的数量相同，因此这个词组可以译为“今天这种很普遍的平均化”。offspring有子女的意思，但在这里建议译成“后代”，因为显然难以确定只是指一代人。 6. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.” 【译文】达尔文有一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人：他们“看待有机的生命如同野人看着一艘大船，以为是某个完全不能理解的东西”。
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作
考研英语长难句经典例子解析 来源：文都图书 考研英语的长难句在广大考生心中一直是一个超级大难点，数不清的生词，看不明白的句型和混乱的时态都让考生脑袋大了不止一圈儿，所以今天这篇文章就和大家分享一下攻克长难句的技巧。以《考研英语长难句解密》中的一句超长的长难句为例。 【经典长难句】 The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 【词汇突破】 have to do with…与…有关 Economic necessity 经济需求 pool of single women workers 单身女工的资源 high marriage rates 高结婚率 【参考译文】20世纪，在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了，这与其说是由于家务活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加，还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需求和由于高结婚率。正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的数量，而在这之前很多情况下，她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性。 像书中的解句顺序一样，攻克长难句首先应该拿下句中的生词和短语，这是基础，是盖房所需的砖瓦，然后再攻克句法，拿下房屋结构，这样再对照参考译文，以前觉得很难的长难句就“柳暗花明又一村”了。希望大家首先消除内心对长难句的恐惧心理，静下心来好好分析，好好学习，争取早日拿下长难句，拿下考研英语！加油！
毙考题APP 2019考研英语：长难句解析（74） ( 2010年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text4 第2段第3句) Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia ,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws. 译文：虽然美国最高法院早在1880年Strauder诉西弗吉尼亚州一案中就禁止了在陪审团遴选中出现蓄意的种族歧视，但挑选所谓的精英或一流陪审团的做法却为绕过这种规定及其他反歧视法律提供了便利。 分析：本句主要可分为两个部分。前半部分是Although引导的让步状语从句;从句中，主语为the Supreme Court，后加后置定语of 对其进行解释，谓语为had prohibited，后接宾语intentional racial discrimination，其后的介词短语in 做后置定语修饰discrimination，而as early as 结构是时间状语，表明谓语动词had prohibited发生的时间。后半部分为主句，主句的主语为the practice，后接后置定语of ，谓语为provided，宾语为a convenient way，随后的around 同样做后置定语修饰way。 词汇指南 supreme [s?pri:m](adj.)极度的;至高的,最高的(CET-4)(2003年-阅读4、2012年-完形)(su=super-超过，preme=prime-第一流的,最好的超过第一流的、超过最好的即极度的;至高的,最高的。) 考点搭配： Supreme Court Justice 最高法院法官(2003年-阅读4) Supreme Court 最高法院(2012年-完形、2010年-阅读2、2013年-阅读4) so-called [ s?u k?:ld](adj.)所谓的,号称的(CET-4)(2008年-阅读2)(so-如此，call-呼叫;称呼所谓的,号称的) 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班 邀请码：8806
2005 Part A Text 2 6. Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?人生中最幸福的就是身体健康 【译文】还记得科学家们宣扬吸烟会致人死亡，而那些怀疑者们却坚持认为我们无法对此得出定论的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为缺乏决定性的证据，科学也不确定的时候吗？还记得怀疑者们坚持认为反对吸烟的游说是决心摧毁我们的生活方式，而政府应该置身事外的时候吗？ 【析句】这里有三个问句，第一个问句的结构比较明了，而后两个问句则省略了Do you remember… insisted，只有两个由that引导的宾语从句。注意英语中，常会省略并列结构中的相同成分。 【讲词】 lobby作名词时意为“大厅”，作动词时表示“游说”。The President lobbied the bill through Congress.（总统游说国会通过这项提案。）作动词的lobby 其名词形式可以是lobbying（游说，院外活动），也可以是lobby。进行院外活动的人、进行疏通的人或说客，英文叫lobbyer或lobbyist。out to(d o…)“力图要……的”。 7. There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. 【译文】科学家们一波接着一波，试图告诫我们要认清全球气候变暖正在带来日益严重的威胁，在此情形之下现在又出现了令人不安的类似事情。 【析句】 as在句中是连接词，引导一个从句，说明在什么背景之下又出现了类似的事情。在这样的结构中，as可以翻成“当（在）……时候”，或者适度对句子进行调整。不管怎样，应该清楚There are upsetting parallels today是主句，是全句的核心。
下载毙考题APP 免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻 邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利 2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(100) 2011年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 3 第2段第4句 We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. 译文：我们将这种售出媒介定义为访问量巨大、足以吸引其他机构把内容或电子商务引擎放在上面的自有媒介。 分析：本句的主干为We define such sold media…。宾语后面由as引导的所有内容都是宾语补足语，用于说明such sold media的性质和特征。whose引导的定语从句修饰先行词owned media。该定语从句中包含一个so…that…句型，that引导的从句是该定语从句的结果状语，其中主语为other organizations，谓语为place ，宾语为their content or e-commerce engines，后面还跟了一个地点状语within that environment。 词汇指南 traffic [ tr?fik](n.)交通,通行;交通量(中考词汇)(2011年-阅读3)(traf=drift-漂流,漂泊，fic-词根,做→ 最早的交通方式就是驾船在水上做漂流——即交通,通行，引申出交通量。) e-commerce [ i:k?m?:s](n.)电子商务(超纲词汇)(2011年-阅读3、2013年-阅读2)(e=electron-电子，commerce-贸易,商业→ 电子商务) engine[ end?in](n.)发动机,引擎;火车头(高考词汇)(2012年-阅读3、2011年-阅读3)(有学者认为，enɡine 一词具有拟声色彩，其发音似摩托车发动机高速运转时所发出的声音。) 1个派生词： ●enɡineer [,end?i ni?](n.)技师,工程师(vt.)建造，操纵;策划，设计(中考词汇)(2012年-阅读1)(enɡine-发动机，er-表人→ 能够熟练操作发动机的人——即技师,工程师。) 考点搭配：nuclear engineering 核技术，核工程(2007年-阅读1) 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班
12．Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued. [句子主干] Dependence is marke d first by…, with…, and then by… [语法难点] 有并列从句和省略。With引导的是伴随结构作状语，修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态。and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked ，所以要注意其实该分句并不隶属于第 一分句，而是与之并列的结构。 [句子翻译] 依赖的最初表现为耐受力增强，用量越来越大才能达到预期效果，一旦停用就 会产生不舒服的症状。 [翻译技巧] 有些同学遇上伴随结构就不知道如何翻译了，其实只要按照原来的语序顺次翻 译就是。 13．But he talked a s well about the “balanced struggle” between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. [句子主干]But he talked as we ll about …, and he announced that… [语法难点] 该句没有从句结构，而是由and连接的两个并列成分构成。用would是因为表 达了某人的主观态度和意愿。 [句子翻译] 但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要“努力保持均衡”这一问题。他宣布公司将尽力对可能招致大众反对的音乐制定各种发行和标识的标准[翻译技巧]虽然没有从句结构，但是由于句子太长，有众多的修饰成分，所以建议还是拆为两句较好。 14．Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. [句子主干] Average inflation…fell to a mere…, close to its…, before [语法难点] 有省略。close to分句是非限定性定语从句，省略了which was。Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明，是状语成分。状语成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并无定
2001 Passage 5 18. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although,in the manner of a disgraced government minister,I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to s pend more time with my family”. 【译文】一次平级的人事调动伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己相对高调的职业，当然，就像出丑的政府部长那样，我借口“我想有更多的时间与家人呆在一起”来掩饰我的去职。 【析句】本句中a lateral move是主语，promoted是谓语，that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress是a lateral move的定语，although,…with my family是状语，其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister 是插入语。 【讲词】 lateral move译成“侧面人事调动”着实让人费解。lateral有“侧面的”意思，但它也表示“平级的”。 block作名词意为“木块，石块，街区，阻挡”，作动词时一般表示“妨碍,阻塞”。体育活动中的阻挡，英语就用block来表示。 high profile意为“较高的姿态，较引人注意”，其反义词是low profile。例如：She likes to keep a low profile.（她喜欢保持低调。） 19. Curiously,some two-and-a-half years and two novels later,my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. 【译文】奇怪的是，我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。
考研英语长难句突破讲义 适用对象：考研学子，四级，六级英语学习或相当者。 课程目的：打破英语阅读学习的幻觉，真正获得一扇通向别样美丽世界的窗户，人生从此再无长难句。为英语写作夯实基础。 课程安排：方法论讲解；难句解析；考试实战演练 第一部分方法论讲解 引子我们为什么要精读句子 1.精读能力的要求（消除障碍的阅读） 自由笔记区目标：准确【重要】精读 2．泛读能力的要求（广泛获取信息的阅读） 目标：快速 技能：高职 阅读的实际过程是什么知识：本科 Input（英文）-mind（句子层面）-output（中文）思维：研究生 思想：博士 阅读在句子层面的障碍 1．含义 2．语序 简单句的障碍来源 简单句：只有一套谓语的句子 基本句型包括：主+谓，主+谓+宾，主+谓+双宾，主+谓+宾+宾补，主+系+表 定语，状语，同位语，插入语 简单句的障碍识别及处理方法 定语：在句子中修饰名词的成分problem-定义-细化-solution（思维方式） 前置定语：adj+名词 后置定语： 形容词短语：形容词+介词+名词this is a book useful for your future Ving a woman walked on the road Ved a painting painted by Jane n. + to do a way to solve the problem 介词短语：介词+名词a bottle of water on the table 表语形容词：alive a cat alive 解决方案：前置P．S：I want to be part of something big. Something属于不定代词。 【不定代词定语置后】 定语从句（不属于简单句范畴） 关系代词：人称代词：who whom which that as +非完整句 引导词物主代词：whose +完整句
考研英语长难句：名词性从句-同位语从句所谓同位语，就是用来补充说明名词的成分。当我们用一个完整的句子来补充说明名词时，即构成同位语从句。所以同位语从句都是位于一个名词后面，用来进一步说明前面的名词的内容，这个名词就是同位语的先行词。 1.它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。后面可以接同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility，decision等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用），例如： 【第1句】 I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。 2.英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that（不能省略），whether，连接代词what，who。连接副词how，when，where等。（注：if不能引导同位语从句。）例如：【第2句】 He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer. 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。 3.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。 1. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random by-products of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. (2005 Text 3) 【念念有词】 I)formulate v. 制定；规划（策略，提议）；（简练或系统地）阐述；用公式表示。formulate a policy / theory / plan / proposal 制定一项政策/理论/计划/提议；She has lots of good ideas, but she has difficulty formulating them.（她有很多好想法，但很难把它们表达出来。）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/5a15612280.html,/menu/201209/198057.shtml 2012 1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that weaken the court's reputation for being independent and impartial. 【分析】复合句。主句主干为justices acted。in several instances 和in ways作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰ways。 【译文】然而，在一些情况下，法官的行为方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名声。 【临摹】不同于硅谷的那些企业，印度这些公司在思路上可能更有创意。 2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements. 【分析】复合句，主句为That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that 引导的名词性从句。 【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。 【词法拓展】
it 作形式宾语放在动词与宾语补足语之间，指代不定式、动名词、从句等，此时，it 无实际意义。这种情况只能用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。3. At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. 【分析】复合句。At the very least在句首作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰the code of conduct。 【译文】至少，法院应当服从适用于联邦司法系统其余部门的行为准则。 4. They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support. 【分析】复合句。主句为They gave justices permanent positions, so 引导目的状语从句，从句主干为they would be free...and have no need...。 【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期，以便法官们能自由地推翻当权者，且无需拉拢政治支持。 5. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property. 【分析】复合句。主句为Constitutional law is political。because 引导原因状语从句；其中分词短语rooted in... 作定语修饰choices, 介词短语like liberty and property 修饰concepts。
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields 是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。 译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison. 结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 精品文档
2001 Passage 2 6. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. 【译文】今天，所谓的数字差别，即把世界划分为信息富有地区和信息贫乏地区，非常引人瞩目。 【析句】本句的结构较简单，抓住attention is being paid to the digital divide就可以了，注意破折号后面的名词短语实际上是对digital divide一词的定义。遇到英语中的破折号时，如果翻成中文也可用破折号，也可以不用破折号。 注意要学会利用如破折号、括号、逗号等标点符号来定位一个词的补充说明成分。 【讲词】 so-called意为“所谓的,号称的”，常常带有一种贬义。The so called master of Kungfu turned out to be a cheat.（所谓的功夫大师结果是个骗子。）divide常以动词的形式出现，但它也可以是名词，表示“划分，区分；分水岭；差别”。例如，我们常说的城乡差别就可以说成the rural urban divide。 7. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized,it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all,the more people online,the more potential customers there are. 【译文】随着互联网的日趋商业化，上网普及对商家是有利的——毕竟，上网人数越多，潜在的客户就越多。 【析句】 As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized是伴随状语，并非原因状语。As意为“随着”，而非“因为”或“由于”。主句是It is in the interest of business to universalize access。破折号后面的句子成分是进一步解释说明前面的主句。
和托福、雅思等国外流行的考试一样，现在的考研英语也表现出一种成分越来越长的趋势，而考生在练习阅读的过程中要尽可能适应这样一种出题方式，比如充当主语的可以有：名词，非谓语动词，从句等。下面举两个例子进行说明： 例：Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice. 分析：这句话的复杂之处在于句子的主语是一个动名词短语结构，主语从Creating…到Old Continent, 而且在主语中还有两个定语从句，一个是由that 引导的，另一个是由which来引导。此句话的特点是主语和谓语结构极其不协调，主语超长，但是谓语越短。因此，理解这句话的关键是要首先能够从句中提取出主语，并且正确理解两个定语从句，然后才能顺利完成整个句子的阅读。 译文：不同文化和不同的传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起，要创造出一种尊重这些文化和传统的欧洲品牌(欧洲所独有的东西)绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性选择。 类似的结构如With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. 意为“尽管网上有成千上万个与职业相关的网站，但是想找到有前景的职位空缺却是耗时而又没有效率的”。 除了超长的动名词短语外，考研中还时有出现主语从句来充当主语。主语从句充当主语的情况在考研中有两种：一种是把从句放在句首，还有一种是把从句放在句尾，句首用it做形式主语。 比如， However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is as yet, an unanswered question. 分析：这句话主语是由两个whether引导的主语从句构成的，并且在第二个主语从句中还有一个由that引导的定语从句。 译文：然而，这种公平感是卷尾猴和人类分别进化的结果，还是源自3500万年前这一物种共同的祖先，还是一个没有结论的问题。 再如， Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 分析：这句话中就是非常典型的it做形式主语，真正的主语是由that引导的两个主语从句。 译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力