考研英语长难句：名词性从句-同位语从句所谓同位语，就是用来补充说明名词的成分。当我们用一个完整的句子来补充说明名词时，即构成同位语从句。所以同位语从句都是位于一个名词后面，用来进一步说明前面的名词的内容，这个名词就是同位语的先行词。
1.它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。后面可以接同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility，decision等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用），例如：
【第1句】
I’ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．
我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
2.英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that（不能省略），whether，连接代词what，who。连接副词how，when，where等。（注：if不能引导同位语从句。）例如：【第2句】
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.
老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
3.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
1. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise”—the random by-products of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. (2005 Text 3)
【念念有词】
I)formulate v. 制定；规划（策略，提议）；（简练或系统地）阐述；用公式表示。formulate a policy / theory / plan / proposal 制定一项政策/理论/计划/提议；She has lots of good ideas, but she has difficulty formulating them.（她有很多好想法，但很难把它们表达出来。）
II)revolutionary a.（从事或宣传）政治革命的；（与）特定革命（有关）的；n. 革命者。a revolutionary new drug（革命性新药）。
III)disguise v. 假扮；化妆；伪装；掩饰，掩盖；n. 假扮；化装。He disguised himself as a girl.（他装扮成一个女孩。）；Does holding a handkerchief over the mouthpiece really disguise your voice?（弄个手帕捂在嘴上就真能让人听不出你的声音了吗？）
IV)random a. 任意的，胡乱的，随机的；奇怪的；不同寻常的；出乎意料的。a random sample / selection 随机抽样/选择；The winning numbers are randomly selected by computer.（中奖号码是由计算机随机选择的。）at random（随意地；任意地）。
V)by-product n. 副产品。Refinery and petrochemical operation produce a variety of byproduct gases.（炼油厂和石油化工生产中生成各种副产气体。）
【句理力争】
本句是由分号连接的并列句，前后两句话的主干分别是Freud formulated his revolutionary theory ...；neurologists had switched to thinking of...。前半部分中，theory后面的that引导的从句作theory 的同位语，具体说明其内容。后半部分中的them指的是dream，破折号后面的内容是解释说明mental noise的同位语，that引导的定语从句修饰neural-repair work。
【译译生辉】
一个世纪前，弗洛伊德阐述了一条革命性的理论，即梦是对我们潜意识中的欲望和恐惧的间接反映。到了20世纪70年代末期，神经学家们转而认为梦仅仅是“精神噪声”——是睡眠中神经修复活动产生的副产品。
2. There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.（1999翻译）
【念念有词】
I)methodology n. （从事某一活动的）方法，原则。recent changes in the methodology of language teaching（语言教学法最近的变化）
II)peculiar a.奇怪的，怪异的；特有的，特殊的（peculiar to sb/sth）。
a peculiar taste/smell（奇怪的味道/气味）；a species of bird peculiar to Asia（亚洲独有的鸟类）。
III)appropriate a.合适的，恰当的（appropriate for/to sth）。an appropriate response/measure/
Method（恰如其分的反应，恰当的措施/方法）；Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
（正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适）。
IV)inquiry (also enquiry) n. 调查，查究，查问（inquiry into sth）；询问，打听（inquiry from sb about sth/sb）。to hold/order/set up an inquiry into the affair（对此事进行调查；责令/提出调查此事）；We received over 300inquiries about the job.（我们收到300多封信询问这个工作的情况）。
【句理力争】
这里的whether从句作同位语，来补充说明先行词agreement。本句有一个并列连词or, 所以一定要先判断由它引导的并列结构关系——这里or后面的to the research...是与前面的to the concepts还是to history work并列呢？根据上下文的逻辑意思和句子本身的结构，能够判断出它是与to the concepts并列，所以这里to the research 相当于refer to the research而不是peculiar to the research。而形容词短语peculiar to historical work in general修饰名词concepts，形容词短语appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry修饰名词techniques。这两个形容词短语都是后置定语。
【译译生辉】
所谓方法是指一般历史研究中的特有概念，还是只历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
下载毙考题APP 免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻 邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利 2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(136) 2015年真题Section I Use of English 第6段第2句 Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to see that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population. 译文：尽管所有的对象都选自欧洲裔的人群，但还是刻意小心确保包括朋友和陌生人在内的所有研究对象都从相同的人群中选取。 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主干结构是：care(主语)+ was taken(谓语)。不定式结构to see+ that引导的宾语从句做目的状语;宾语从句中，主语是all subjects, friends and strangers做all subjects的同位语, were taken做谓语，介词短语from the same population做状语。句首是由Though引导的让步状语从句;从句的主语是all the subjects ，谓语是were drawn，介词短语from…extraction做状语。 词汇指南 drawn[ dr?n](adj.)疲惫的,憔悴的;愁眉苦脸的(超纲词汇)(dra=druɡ-草药，wn=wild-野生的→ 就像晒干的野生草药一样干枯的——引申为疲惫的,憔悴的;愁眉苦脸的。) 考点搭配：drawn-out battle 旷日持久的战争(2012年-阅读4) extraction[ik?str?k??n](n.)提取物，抽样;抽出，拔出(超纲词汇)(2015年-完型)(extract-抽出,拔出;摘录，ion-名词后缀→提取物，抽样;抽出，拔出) 1个派生词： ●extract [iks tr?kt](v.)抽出,拔出;摘录(CET-6、考研词汇)(2008年-阅读4、2015年-完型)(ex-向外，tract-词根,拉扯,抽拉→ 向外拉扯、抽拉出来——即抽出,拔出，引申为摘录。因为所谓摘录就是从整篇文章中所抽出的一部分精华内容。) 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班
考研英语长难句解析 长难句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Stre et Bank ruling. (2010 Text2) 难句分析 主句 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order 主语谓语宾语 宾语从句1 that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges 从属连词主语谓语宾语 宾语从句2 that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its 从属连词主语定语从句系动词表语从句
本句为多重复合句，句子主干为The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order，stating that...and that...现在分词短语作宾语order的后置定语，说明order的内容。其中stating后面由and并列两个that引导的宾语从句，从句1中由并列连词rather than并列两个名词短语all 12 of th e court’s judges和a typical panel of three，作by的宾语。从句2中主语one issue后面是省略引导词that的定语从句，表语是whether引导的表语从句。
2017考研英语长难句句子结构识别之独 立主格 所谓长难句，“长”是因为成分多，“难”则是由于一些特殊句式、语法难点的存在。其中，独立主格属于后者，对于识别句子结构造成了很大障碍，令很多小伙伴望之却步。2016考研当前，今天一起来攻克独立主格这个难点，在拿下长难句的道路上进一步扫除障碍。 一、独立主格的由来 独立主格在英语中存在的主要价值还是由语言简洁的要求决定的，它的产生是从状语开始的，并且在考研中也只考查其作为状语的情况。独立主格结构为两个句子在主语不同的情况下提供了将其合并为一个句子的可能，通过简单的例子可以了解它的由来： 1.It is a hot day. 2.I stay at home. 这两个句子可以合并为一个：It being hot today, I stay at home. 其中，being 是可以被省略的，而且常常会在it being hot today之前加上介词with以表示其和一个句子的区别；这样with it being hot today 就被称为独立主格结构。 二、独立主格的作用和处理方法 通常情况下，独立主格可以表示一下几种情况： 1.表示时间 例句：The meeting being over, all of us went home. 解析：the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over。 2.表示条件 例句：The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 解析：the condition being favorable 相当于if the condition is favorable。 3.表示原因 例句：There being no taxis, we had to walk. 解析：there being no taxis 相当于since there was no taxis。 4.表示伴随状况 例句：Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 解析：这句话相当于Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all. 5.表示补充说明 例句：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 解析：这句话相当于We redoubled our efforts, and each man works like two。 三、真题解析 阅读中通常将带有独立主格的句子改写为两个句子。下面一起来看一个考研真题中的句子：President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 解析：with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns为独立主格结构，可以改写为一个句子：Retirees trade much of all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.使两个句子前后为因果关系。 在考研英语中，独立主格是一个特殊的存在，但只要搞清楚它的前后原委，在阅读和做
2019考研英语长难句解析(57) ( 2011年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text3 第1段第1句) We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and Growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. 译文：我们往往把二战后的几十年视作繁荣和发展的时代，数以百万计的士兵回到家乡，靠着政府对退役军人的资助读大学或在婚姻登记处排队办理结婚手续。 分析：本句的主语是We，谓语是tend to think of，宾语是the decades，由as引导的介词短语是该宾语的补足语。decades 后面的现在分词短语immediately following 做后置定语修饰decades ，time后的介词短语of 则是修饰time的后置定语。本句的第二部分是with引导的伴随状语，该伴随状语由with soldiers returning ，going and lining 组成。本句的难点在于对think of as 这一结构以及伴随状语中三个并列部分的理解。 词汇指南 tend [tend](v.)走向,趋向;倾向;照料,看护(CET-4)(t=to-去，end-末端,尽头朝末端去、伸展即走向,趋向，引申为倾向;照料,看护。) 考点搭配：tend to 倾向于(2008年-阅读1) 1个派生词： ●tendency [ tend?nsi](n.)趋势,趋向;倾向(CET-4)(2010年-阅读3)(ency-名词后缀) marriage[ m rid?](n.)结婚,婚姻;婚礼(中考词汇)(marri=marry-结婚，age-抽象名词后缀结婚,婚姻;婚礼) 3个扩展词： ●marry [ m ri](vt.)娶,嫁(vi.)结婚(中考词汇)(2006年-阅读1)(mar=march-三月，r-双写，y-名
第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析 1．简单句、并列句、复合句 从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 形容词性：定语从句 副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式 2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构 英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。 1.省略句 资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine. Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。 省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。 省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。A：and 连接的并列句的省略 材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002） 分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with 做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected. 练习：1. The reasons for poverty are many, but for the most part center on illiteracy, the lack of opportunities and in some cases pure laziness. (主语the reasons) 2.He majors in English, and I, in French. (谓语major ) 3.Self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismay. (省略主谓) B：状语从句中的省略 规则：当主句的主语与从句主语一致时候，且从句的谓语动词是Be动词时候，从句可省略主谓。See 材料48页1. 让步状语从句2 时间状语从句 3．If handled properly and not misused, the clone technology will only bring more benefit than disaster to mankind. (条件状语从句) 4．Some people look as if afraid of nothing. (方式状语从句) 5．The computer is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary. （比较）真题例句1 Actually we know of no type of astronomical body in which the conditions can be favorable to life except planets like our own revolving round a sun. 这是复合句。in which引导定语从句，修饰astronomical body. 介词except引起的短语作
2019考研攻克英语长难句：状语从句结构分析 【状语从句结构分析】 一、理论常识 状语从句，属于副词性从句，简单说就是从句在句子中担任状语，分为时间、目的、地点、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、原因9种 状语从句。 时间引导词：when , after , before , while , until , till , since , as soon as , everytime , the moment等 地点引导词：where , wherever等 原因引导词：because , since=now that , as等 条件引导词：if , whether , unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that等 结果引导词：so / such ... that , so等 目的引导词：in order that , so that等 让步引导词：though , although , however , whatever=no matter what even if , even though , as (倒装) 等 方式引导词：as , as if等 比较引导词：than , as ... as , the more ... , the more ... 等 二、真题举例 例句1：While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role , informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development .
考研英语长难句经典例子解析 来源：文都图书 考研英语的长难句在广大考生心中一直是一个超级大难点，数不清的生词，看不明白的句型和混乱的时态都让考生脑袋大了不止一圈儿，所以今天这篇文章就和大家分享一下攻克长难句的技巧。以《考研英语长难句解密》中的一句超长的长难句为例。 【经典长难句】 The increase in numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of house work and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 【词汇突破】 have to do with…与…有关 Economic necessity 经济需求 pool of single women workers 单身女工的资源 high marriage rates 高结婚率 【参考译文】20世纪，在家庭外被雇佣的女性人数增加了，这与其说是由于家务活的机器化和闲暇时间的增加，还不如说是由于女性自身的经济需求和由于高结婚率。正是高结婚率减少了单身女工劳动力资源的数量，而在这之前很多情况下，她们是雇主们会雇佣的唯一女性。 像书中的解句顺序一样，攻克长难句首先应该拿下句中的生词和短语，这是基础，是盖房所需的砖瓦，然后再攻克句法，拿下房屋结构，这样再对照参考译文，以前觉得很难的长难句就“柳暗花明又一村”了。希望大家首先消除内心对长难句的恐惧心理，静下心来好好分析，好好学习，争取早日拿下长难句，拿下考研英语！加油！
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！ 第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语长难句需攻克的两大句型 ?简单句 简单句中经常出来难为同学们的不过就是定语、同位语、插入语和状语。只要我们能在阅读过程中识别出它们的存在，并分别对症下药，相信一切问题都将迎刃而解。 在这里特别要说几个处理方式：1、定语采取的是前置和拆分;2、同位语和插入语采取的是跳读;3、状语采取的是剥离。为了方便大家理解，下面一起来看个例子： using techniques developed for the offshore oil and gas industry,the DSDP 's drill ship ,the Glomar Challenger ,was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters ,extracting samples of sediments and rocks from the ocean floor.(from TOEFL authentic test) 此时using techniques developed for the offshore oil and gas industry 为状语可以剥离;the Glomar Challenger 为插入语可以跳读;extracting samples of sediments and rocks from the ocean floor.为状语可以剥离。剩下主干：The DSDP 's drill ship ,was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters 。译为：深海钻井计划(DSDP)的“格洛玛·挑战者”号钻探船能够在海面上保持稳定的位置，并钻进很深的水底 ?非简单句 非简单句的定义是这样的，它含有一套以上的主谓结构且句子中成分是句子构成的。所以，非简单句远远要比简单句复杂的多。如何将非简单句简单化呢?首先对并列句和主从复合句要有一个清晰的认知。如：结构和惯用连接词等。下面看道例题： A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a birdge off which they both fall into the river. 这个句子是一个典型的定语从句，句子的的拆分点是off ，which 指代前面的名词birdge ，这样这个句子就分成了两个句子：1、A poem line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer onthebirdge.2、They both fall into the riveroff the bridge.句意也就一目了然了。所以说，面对非简单句化繁为简是最直接有效的办法。 外在条件再恶劣，只要我们迈开腿，坚持前进，相信胜利将一直为你所有。以上就是为大家带来的两点备考技巧，希望同学们认真备考，摘得硕果。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/059807186.html,/menu/201209/198057.shtml 2012 1. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that weaken the court's reputation for being independent and impartial. 【分析】复合句。主句主干为justices acted。in several instances 和in ways作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰ways。 【译文】然而，在一些情况下，法官的行为方式削弱了法院保持中立且公正的名声。 【临摹】不同于硅谷的那些企业，印度这些公司在思路上可能更有创意。 2. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be accepted as impartial judgements. 【分析】复合句，主句为That kind of activity makes it less likely, it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that 引导的名词性从句。 【译文】这类行为使得法院的裁定被认为是公正判决的可能性有所下降。 【词法拓展】
it 作形式宾语放在动词与宾语补足语之间，指代不定式、动名词、从句等，此时，it 无实际意义。这种情况只能用于能以名词或形容词作宾语补足语的动词后面，如feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, suppose, think, deem, regard, count 等。3. At the very least, the court should make itself subject to the code of conduct that applies to the rest of the federal judiciary. 【分析】复合句。At the very least在句首作状语，that 引导定语从句修饰the code of conduct。 【译文】至少，法院应当服从适用于联邦司法系统其余部门的行为准则。 4. They gave justices permanent positions so they would be free to upset those in power and have no need to cultivate political support. 【分析】复合句。主句为They gave justices permanent positions, so 引导目的状语从句，从句主干为they would be free...and have no need...。 【译文】他们给予法官们终身任期，以便法官们能自由地推翻当权者，且无需拉拢政治支持。 5. Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social concepts like liberty and property. 【分析】复合句。主句为Constitutional law is political。because 引导原因状语从句；其中分词短语rooted in... 作定语修饰choices, 介词短语like liberty and property 修饰concepts。
2016考研英语:经典长难句训练与解析 (09.11) 在复习考研英语阅读的时候，大家最怕的就是长难句。那么，怎样才能攻克考研英语长难句这只拦路虎呢?要想长难句不再难，方法之一就是在复习的时候，多多练习一些经典的句子。俗话说：熟能生巧!为了帮助2016考研的同学攻克长难句，给大家整理了一些经典的长难句训练题，并附有详细的解析。 考研英语长难句训练题： 503、So poor in one sense was it that he never couldremember for more than a few days a single date ofa line of poetry. 504、On the other hand, he did not accept as welt founded the charge made by some of his criticsthat, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. 505、He was willing to assert that “I have a fair shareof invention, and of common sense or judgment,such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor musthave, but not, I believe, in any higher degree”. 506、He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticingthings which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully. 考研英语长难句解析： 第503题： 【分析】复合句。本句的主干结构是so… that…句型。“so+形容词”这一结构置于句首，引起了句子的倒装，正常语序为it was so poor in one sense that …。that 引导结果状语从句，其中谓语和宾语被表示时间的介词短语分隔开来。翻译时，可将状语in one sense置于句首，然后将倒装语序换成正常语序即可。 【点拨】1、in one sense译作“从某种意义土说”，不能译作“一个意思”。2、a 和single都有“一个”的意思，连在一起用，有强调的意味，直接译作“一个”或“某个”即可。 【译文】从某种意义上说,他的记忆力如此之差以至于他对某个曰期或某行诗句的记忆从不会超过几天。 第504题： 【分析】复合句。主句为一个“主—谓—宾补”结构的句子。其中主、谓语较容易辨认;但因宾语太长，所以宾补和宾语交换了位置，这一点不容易看出。按照正常语序，主句主干应为 he did not accept the charge aswell founded。主句宾语charge后有—后置定语made~ critics以及一个that引导的同位语从句，翻译时需要采用分译法，才能将意思表达清楚。同位语从句中while 引导让步状语从句译作“虽然，尽管”;he was agood observer 可译作动宾结构“他善于观察”。
1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. 结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that做主语，makes做谓语，it做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine是主干，few farmers是宾语，with high yields 是状语），possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。 译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。 2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison. 结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。 译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。 精品文档
2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(44) 2006年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text 1 第5段 Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power. 译文：罗德里格斯指出，全世界偏远山村的孩子都是阿诺德·施瓦辛格与加思·布鲁克斯这样的超级巨星的影迷和歌迷，然而一些美国人却担心，居住在美国境内的许多移民不受国家同化力的影响。 分析：本句是由转折连词yet连接的两个并列分句，两分句均为主语+谓语+宾语从句的结构。第一个分句的主干结构是Rodriguez notes that…;在谓语notes后由that引导的宾语从句中,children是主语，are是系动词，fans of superstars是表语，in remote villages around the world是修饰主语的后置定语，like…是修饰superstars的定语。第二个分句的主干结构是some Americans fear that…，谓语fear后由that引导的宾语从句,从句中immigrants是主语，remain 是系动词，immune 是表语,to the nation’s assimilative power是状语，主语后面的现代分词短语living within the United States是修饰它的后置定语。 词汇指南 children[ t?ildr?n](n.)(child的复数)孩子们(中考词汇)(child-小孩、儿童，ren=eren-复合后缀,表人——其中en-表人举例：citizen-公民、warden-看守人、maiden-少女) remote[ri m?ut](adj.)相隔很远的,遥远的;偏远的,偏僻的;关系疏远的(CET-4)(re-一再、反复，mot-词根,动,移动，e-后缀 → 一再地移动、离出发点越来越远的——即相隔很远的,遥远的，引申为偏远的,偏僻的和关系疏远的等含义。) 1个形近词： ●remold [ ri: m?uld](v.)改造,重塑(= reshape)(超纲词汇)(2003年-阅读1)(re-重新，mold-模型→ 重新定型——即改造,重塑。) village
2018考研英语：语法长难句攻克（2） 13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. 【词汇突破】authority 权威 harness 使停止的意思;和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达;还有一个单词是curb，这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control，原意是缰绳的意思，这个单词为考研高频词。 conscious 有意识的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于dreams; 【主干识别】one leading authority says that+宾语从句; 【其他成分】宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control; 并列连词not only but also 连接两个并列的动词harnessed 和brought;to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语 【难点揭秘】动词的并列造成识别上的困难。 【译文赏析】而一名顶级权威认为，这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制，实际上还可以受到意识的控制，进而帮助我们睡眠，使我们感觉好一些。 14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves goals that pose a real challenge. 【词汇突破】utility 运用 supervision 监管
句子一： For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, / and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been / had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是并列句they do not compensate for..., and thus do not tell... 2) how able是表语前置，正常语序是：an underprivileged youngster might have been how able 3)最后一个句子是虚拟语气句的倒装结构：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances等于If he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 第三、词的处理： hey 指示代词，测试 compensate for 弥补 gross social inequality 明显的社会不公 and thus 因此 ell 说明 underprivileged 贫困的、物质条件差的
考研英语长难句攻克宝典 来源：文都图书 考研英语想要取得高分，需要备考的知识点非常之多，单词啦、语法啦、句型啦什么的都不能落，这样一来工程量就相当之大了。那么有没有一种方法是可以一次全拿呢？当然有，那就是从长难句下手！在备考英语初期阶段，长难句是可以同时备考单词和语法的最好的方法。例如从下面的例子中，我们就可以学到辣么多的知识点： New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance. 【主干识别】New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future. 其他成分：as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance. 【词汇突破】 new forms of thought新的思维方式 as well as=and例如： new subjects for thought新的思维对象(或内容) 注意：subject在此不能理解成“学科”或“题目”，因为它与前面的form构成一对概念，所以应该翻译成“对象”或“内容”。 must此处不能理解成“必须” arise产生 as they have in the past这个从句省略了动词arisen, as在此是连词，意为“正如”。 give rise to是个习惯表达法，意为“引起、导致”。 elegance elegant的名词，在此译为“完美”。 注意：“完美的标准”这样有歧义 给完美以新的标准 【参考译文】
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。 2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century? 1986年看见哈雷彗星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？ 3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。 4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。