If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my
friends.
明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。
If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。
If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑
I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I
would have telephoned you.
如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone
shopping.
今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。
The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。
If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him.
明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。If you dropped the glass, it would break.
你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。If she had time, she could help me.
她要是有时间，就会帮我了。If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different
way.
要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。If the headmaster were to come, what would we say
to him
假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？Were it necessary, I might go without delay.
如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.
你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If
you had taken my advice......）
Should I have time, I would call on her.
要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have
time......）
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be
so sleepy now.
如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）
If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour.
如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）
If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future.
如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说
明现在，主句说明将来）
He would not get such a result without your help.
没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含
在介词短语without your help中)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon.
要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中)
This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.
同样的事，如发生在过去，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中)
He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.
他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是连词or)
She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting.
她病了，否则的话就会出席会议了。（条件通过连词otherwise/or表示出来If she had not been ill...）
I told him to go there himself, but perhaps I should have gone together with him.
我让他自己去那里，但也许我应该和他一道去。（连
词but暗示条件）
Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do
假若你站在我的立场上，你会怎么办？（用suppose/supposing/providing等词表示if）
To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well.
Left to himself, he could not have finished the work. 如果你同她交谈，你就会知道她的听力不好。（动词
不定式带有假设的意思，相当于If you should talk
with her...）
要是放任他的话，他是不可能完成工作的。（动词的
-ed形式表示条件If he had been left to himself...）
It is important that we (should) work out a study
重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。
plan.
It will be better that we (should) meet some other
最好我们在另一个时间见面。
time.
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song
有人建议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。
in English.
It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻离开。
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own
shortcomings.
真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。It is a pity/shame that I should be at school instead of
lying here in hospital.
真可惜，我应当在学校而不是躺在医院里。It is natural that you should forget it first.
你起先记不住是很自然的。
The examination instructor asked that the students
考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
(should) not use a calculator.
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be
工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。
raised by 10 percent.
They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my
他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（暗示）decision.
He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision. 他建议我坚持自己的决定。（建议）
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to
他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。（强调）
people's health.
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises
他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）
every day.
I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish I knew the answer. 我要是知道答案就好了。
I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 真希望我昨天见过她。
I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一个小时。
I wish it could stop raining. 但愿雨能停。
The students hope that their football team will win
学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。（可能实现）
the game.
I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在就能看到他。（不可能实现）
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking
.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
English as often as possible
The demand is that the composition (should) be
按照要求作文必须单面誊写。
written on one side only.
It is my desire that all the members of the family
我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。(should) gather once a year.
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed
教育要改革的建议是合理的。
is reasonable.
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）
I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认识多
年）
It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）
He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I
(should) forget.
请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免我忘记。She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should)
forget.
她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to
face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.
我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会.
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.
我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。They worked harder than usual in order that they
could finish the work ahead of time.
为了能提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for
yourself.
我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。
I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to
do our part.
不管他成功还是失败，我们还是要做好自己的事。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there
together.
不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是要去那里。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
It is time that the children went to bed.
到孩子们睡觉的时间了。It is high time that we began the meeting.
正是我们开会的时间了。If only he knew the answer.
他要是知道答案就好了。（用过去时表示现在）If only I could speak several foreign languages！
我要是能讲几种外语就好了！（用would/could表示
将来）
If only you had told me the truth before.
要是你以前告诉我真相就好了。（用过去完成时表示
过去）
If only I had known her earlier!
要是我早点儿认识她就好了！= I wish I had known
her earlier.
I would rather you left today.
我宁可你今天走。I would prefer he didn't stay here too long.
我倒希望他不要在这儿呆得太久。I would rather I hadn't seen that film yesterday.
我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。I'd rather play tennis than swim.
我宁愿打网球，也不愿游泳。I'd rather not go to the movies.
我宁愿不去看电影。Which would you rather have, tea or coffee
你喜欢喝茶，还是咖啡I'd rather you went home now.
我希望你现在就回家。I would rather my daughter attended a public school. 我希望我的女儿能上公立学校。
Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！
May you be happy! 祝您快乐！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！
Success attend you! 祝你成功！
The Lord save us! 愿主救我们！
You could answer this email for me.
你可以替我回这个电子邮件。Could you leave me your telephone number and
address
你能将电话号码和地址留给我吗？Would you mind opening the window
劳驾把窗子打开，好吗？You might as well put off the discussion till next
week.
你们不妨把讨论推迟到下个星期。
虚拟语气 第一种: 由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反 [If --- + 过去式（be一般用were）---, --- + would do---] If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。 (2). 与过去的事实相反 [If --- + had +过去分词---, --- +would have done---] If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。(3). 与将来的事实可能相反 [If ---+ should +动原/wereto+动原/过去式---, ---+ would do---] If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? 【真题】Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件)；otherwise, she would have replied.（2011,12） Couldn’t have received my email 【真题】You would not have failed if you _______________________________(按照我的指令去做).（2009,12） You had followed my orders. 解析：考点是虚拟语气。 【真题】If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary______________________________________ (就不会被大雨淋湿了). wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain . 解析：考点是虚拟语气、词汇。 【真题】If the reaction were to take place,____________________released.(巨大的能量就会被释放出来) Tremendous amounts of energy would 第二种: 用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中 从句谓语形式为 “---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。 类似用法的动词有 insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。 【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。 参考答案：we hand in our research report(s) 【真题】They requested that_______________(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.【2010，12】books I borrowed （should）be returned to the library / I （should）return the book I borrowed to the library 解析：①request的用法。request v. 要求；当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。②定语从句。“我借的书”，the book （that）I borrowed；③单词的拼写。归还return，借borrow，图书馆library ④本题提供了两个版本的答案，但在表示“规定，规则”时，被动语态更为常用。 第三种: 用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---（should）do sth”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中。 第四种：混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.
1.对过去的虚拟If sb. had done sth, sb. would have done sth 2.对现在的虚拟If sb. did sth, sb. would do sth 3.对将来的虚拟If sb. did sth, sb. would do sth If sb. were to do
sth, sb. would do sth If sb. should do sth, sb. would do sth 4.错综虚拟条件句(if+过去完成时, sb. would do sth) If the doctor had come sooner last
night, Tom would be alive today. If you had studied hard at that time, you would be a key university student now. 5.虚拟条件句,从句可以省略if,
但谓语动词要部分倒装. 6.含蓄虚拟条件句标志性词汇: without (如果没有), but for (要不是), otherwise/or (否则) ***if条件句可以与without/but
for互相转换，意思相同。 7.表示建议\要求\命令等动词以及相应的名词引导的名词性从句,通常跟should结构. Insist/suggest/ad vise/command/or der/urge/recomm
end/require/requ est/propose that sb. should do sth ***insist做“认为”讲时,相当于think, 不用should结构. Suggest 做“暗示,表明”讲时,相当于imply, 不用should结构.
虚拟语气翻译练习 1．假如你得了一万美金，必须在一天内花掉，你会怎么做呢？ 2．如果我是她，我宁愿死了也不嫁给他。 3．假如没有电，生活会是什么样子呢？ 4．昨晚如果她来了，问题就解决了。 5．即使你告诉了我她是谁，我也认不出她来。 6．假如当初他接受运动员的训练，早就闻名世界了。 7．如果明天不考试，我就和你一起去看电影。 8．如果湛江下雪，那可是新闻头条啊。 9．如果你没有背叛过我，也许我们现在还是很好的朋友。 10．如果你将来嫁有钱人，那我都成百万富翁了。 11．要不是英语考试，上周六我就去听音乐会了。 12．难道你不该开始认真对待生活了吗？ 13．你很自私，你的该意识到自己并不是世界上最重要的人。 答案： 1.If you had ten thousand dallors,what would you do if you had to spend it in a day? 2.If I were you, I would die rather than marrying him. 3.If we had no electricity, what life would be? 4.If he had come yesterday, the problems might have been solved. 5.I should not have recognized her even if you had told me her name. 6.If he had been trained as an athlete, he would have been word famous long ago. 7.If we shouldn’t take the exam tomorrow, I would go with you to the movie. 8.If it were to snow in Zhanjing, it would be the headline of the newspaper. 9.If you hadn’t turned your back on me( betrayed me), we were still friends maybe. 10.If you should marry a rich man in future, I would be a millionior. 11.But for the Enlish examination, I would have gone to the concert last Saturday. 12.Isn’t it about time you started taking life seriously? 13.You’re selfish. It’s high time you realized that you are not the most important person in the world.
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。 If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。 If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑 I would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。 If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。 If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。 The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。 If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。 If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。 If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。 If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？ Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......） Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......） Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......） If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。） If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句说明现在，主句说明将来） He would not get such a result without your help. 没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中) But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中) This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在过去，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in the past中) He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.
If sb had done sth ( 对过去虚拟) 1.如果昨天我知道你的电话号码 2.倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库 3.你要是听了我的建议 4.如果你昨天不看电视 5.如果他们今天一早就离开家的话 6.今天早上要是没下雨 If sb did/ were sth (对现在虚拟) 1,。我要是你 2.她要是有时间 3.如果需要的话 If sb should do(万一) /were to do (打算) / did sth （对将来虚拟） 1.明天如果他在这里的话 2.明天要是星期天的话 3.要是他们把我当奴隶对待 4.你要是把杯子掉下来 5.如果幻想能成为马匹 6.要是我做这项工作 7.假如校长来了 Sb would/ should/ could / might have done sth 某人就会/ 应该/ 能够 / 可能做了。。。（过去） 1 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。 2 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。 3 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。 4 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。 Sb would/ should/ could / might do/ be doing sth 某人就会/ 应该/ 能够 / 可能做/在做。。。（现在、将来） 1 如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。 2 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。 3 我要是你，我就去试试。 4 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑
5 要是他们把我当奴隶对待，我就走。 综合练习 一、翻译下列条件句，并改为倒装结构 1.明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。 2.你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。 3.她要是有时间，就会帮我了。 4.要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。 5.假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢 6.如果需要的话，我可以立即去。 7.要是有时间，我就去看她。 8.如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。 9.如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。 10.要不是由于你的粗心大意，我们就赢了比赛了 11.要不是因为即将到来的考试，我今天晚上就和你一起去晚会。 二、请用所给词翻译下列句子 1.没有你的帮助，他就不会有今天的成果。(without) 2.要不是有你，我就不会恢复得这么快。(But for) 3.他一定是去过那儿，否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(or) 4.她病了，否则的话就会出席会议了。（otherwise） 5.我让他自己去那里，但也许我应该和他一道去。（but） 6.假若你站在我的立场上，你会怎么办（suppose/supposing/providing） 三、特殊词练习 1. wish 1.但愿我是一只小鸟。 2.我要是知道答案就好了。 3.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。
虚拟语气 1. Where are the children? The dinne' going to be completely ruined. —I wish ____________________(be) —孩子们在哪里？晚饭都快糟蹋了。 —但愿他们别老是迟到。 2. Maybe if I ____________ scien ce, and no t literature the n, I would be able to give you more help.(study) 或许要是那时我学的是理科而不是文学，我就能给你更大的帮助 3. If we ____________________ , we might have arrived here in time for the meeti ng.(take) 如果我们走另外一条路，我们就可能及时赶到这儿参加会议。 4. Had I know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and en ergy would have bee n saved.(would) 如果我知道这个电脑程序的话，就会节省大量的时间和精力了。 5. He in sisted that he __________________ and that he should not be puni shed.(do) 他坚持说他没有做错，—V惩罚。 6. On Aids Days, the minister of Health Department demanded that the problems referred to _____________________.(atte ntio n) 在艾滋病日，卫生部部长要求所涉及的问题给予特别关注。 7. ____________________ me, Mary would not have hurt herself.(listen) 如果玛丽早听我的话，她就不会伤者自己了。 8. they urged that the library _______________ d uring the vacation .(keep) 他们极力主张假期期间图书/ 9. ___________________ , you would have the welfare and more ben efits like other members.(should) 万一你被录取了，你会像其他成员一样拥有福利和更多的利益。 10. The order came ______________________ t hesmall village the next morning. (leave) 命令传来，士兵们第二天早上离开那个小村子。 11. What a pity! If I had caught that flight, I __________________ thePacific Ocean no w.(would) 真遗憾！如果我赶上了那趟航班，我现在正在太平洋上空飞行呢。 12. Did Jack take the doctor' advice that he _________________ for a couple of days?(lie) 杰克是否接纳了医生的建议，在家里躺了几天？ 13. How I wish ________________________ but there was a traffic jam.(be) 我多么希望准时到这儿啊，但我遇上了交通堵塞。 14. The man ager in sisted that ___________________________ the compa nies who had done something that hurt our feelings.(break) 经理坚持要求我们与那些伤害了我们感情的公司决裂。 15. if my mother had ____________________________ o ntime, I would not have missed the school bus.(wake)
第六章虚拟语气 I. 非真实条件句(包括without／but for) 1．没有良好的教育就没有先进的科学技术。(without) 2．要不是警察很快赶到，那个小偷就逃走了。(run away) 3．如果没有电，我们的生活将会很艰难。(without electricity) 4．我本来要来的，但是我太忙了。(but) 5．我很乐意帮助你，只是我太忙了。(pleasure) 6．那天我病了，要不然我一定会出席会议的。(otherwise) 7．要不是下大雨，我们那次旅行就更加惬意了。(pleasant) 8．亏得你提醒了我，要不我早就忘记了。(remind) 9．当初要是换成比尔就不至于那么做了。(act) 10．我们本来要去野餐的，只是那个时候雨很大。(only) 11．尽管爱因斯坦本可以很富裕，但是他对金钱不感兴趣。(care) 12．“你对他的回答满意吗?”“一点儿也不满意，(他的回答)真是糟透了。”(satisfy) 13．我原定于上星期一动身的，可是后来我改变了主意。(set out) 14．如果明天下雪，你们怎么办? (snow) 15．假如地球上的四大洋不是含盐的，那我们就不缺水了。(1ack) 16．剧院这么近，我们本可以走过来的。(could) 17．要是他四年前抓住机会的话，恐怕他现在正在澳大利亚最著名的一所大学里求学。 (chance) 18．要不是你的帮助，我可能会在找工作时遇到更多的挫折。(suffer) 19．设想一下你父母知道你在这里是如何表现的，他们会怎么想?(suppose，behave) 20．如能按时送来那两辆装有空调设备的小汽车，我们将非常感激。(appreciate，equip) 21．如果你听从我的指引，他不会迷路了。(follow) 22．要是他打开电源前再检查一遍，那场事故本来可以避免的。(avoid) 23．要不是这些年轻自愿者的帮助，这个街坊的老年人想去看看长城是很困难的。(without) 24．要是月球上有空气有水，我们就可以在上面安家。(settle down) 25．要学好一门外语，了解讲这个语言的国家的文化和风俗习惯是很必要的。(1earn about) 26．倘若没有这个年轻科学家的幻想，这项发明也许要推迟一个世纪。(but for) 27．要是当时我谨慎一些的话，现在就可能不会陷入困境了。(trouble) 28．要不是那场暴风雨，这位著名的足球教练早就该在春节前到上海了。(coach) 29．如果你当时意识到问题的严重性，并采取措施，结果就完全两样了。(Had you…) Ⅱ. 宾语从句(包括If only) 1．但愿他不是那么愚蠢。(wish that) 2．我建议你听录音之前不要看材料。(suggest that) 3．如果我们能够找到那枚丢失的邮票该多好啊! (find) 4．我真希望我根本不认识你。(wish) 5．他脸上的神色表明他对考试的结果非常担心。(suggest) 6．要是我交考卷前把答案仔细检查一下该多好啊! (If only) 7．我天天忙得不可开交，我多么希望一天有26个小时，甚至30小时啊! (engage) 8．专家们建议污水净化以后才能排入河流、湖泊。(make clean) 9．绿茶含有很多有益于人体的物质，我建议你每天喝。(benefit) 10．许多专家建议应该对上海的高楼数量进行限制。(propose)
虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法先看一道高考题： ___ more attention ，the trees could have grown better ． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D ．Having given (答案是A ) 句中" ．．．the trees could have grown better" 是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式"If they had been given more attentio n ，the trees could have grown better ．" 来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为" 含蓄条件句" 。含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下：一、介词短语常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with ，without ，in ，under ，but for 等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if 从句替换。 ( 1 ) without ，with without 表示否定的条件，意为if ．．．not ；with 与without 意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如： Without air , there would be no living things .(without air = if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help (= If I had her help )，I would do the experiment well ．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 ( 2 ) under Under the leadership of a less experienced person ，the experiment would have failed ．( u nder ．．．= If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person )假设在一个缺 少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 (3 ) in I would have lost my head in that position ．( in that position = if I had been in that po sition )我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 ( 4 ) but for
虚拟语气翻译 If 条件句 1.与现在事实相反 从句：动词过去式（be 动词多用were） 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I should accept the invitation. If I had time, I would go there. 2.与过去事实相反 从句：had+过去分词 主句：would/should/could/might + have done If you had come earlier, you couldn’t have missed the bus. If he had seen you yesterday, he would have returned your book. 3.与将来事实相反 从句：should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 动词过去式（be 动词多用were）+ 将来时间状语 主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass, it would break. 4.混合时间条件句与主句 If you had reviewed the lesson, you would answer the question now. If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now. If I were you, I would have gone home. 5.条件句与主句的省略 I would /should have it, but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn’t like this job, you could have done it better. 6. 含蓄条件句与主句 without=but for代替if从句 Without your help, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. = if there had been no help from you, we wouldn’t have made such great progress. Without air, there would be no living things. 6.as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法 表现在：从句用过去式（be 动词多用were） 表将来：从句would/should/could/might+动词原形 表过去：从句had done The man speaks as if he were a foreigner. The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times. They talked as if they had been good friends for years. 7.wish宾语从句中的用法
实验中学2014届高三英语语法专项复习------虚拟语气 虚拟语气的概念---虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。 虚拟语气的特点： １．虚拟语气表达的是与客观现实相反的观念。 ２．虚拟语气常由一个表示条件的从句和一个主句构成。 ３．由于虚拟语气中条件从句中的条件是与客观事实相反，因此其主句的结论也只能是想象的，非真实的。 ４．虚拟语气的特点决定了它句中动词形式的使用与真实句中的动词形式的是不同的。含if条件句的虚拟语气按时间的不同，分成以下三种形式：1）与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。 2）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气 3）与将来事实相反的虚拟语气 一．在不同时间下，含if条件句的虚拟语气的3种形式： 与现在事实相反 were might if+主语+ 过去式动词would ，主语+ could + V should 与过去事实相反 might would + have + 过去分词If +主语+had +过去分词, 主语+ could Should 与将来事实相反 were might if + 主语+ were to +v 主语+ would + V should + v. could 注：１.虚拟语气中助动词be的过去时(无论句子的主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数)一律用were，不用was。 ２.含if条件句的虚拟语气句子中，如果“if”从句中含有“were, had ”或“should ”时，则可省略连词“if ”，而把“were, had ”或“should”移至主语之前，构成倒装句。 1.与现在事实相反 １）If I had a car, I should be very happy. =Had I a car, I should be very happy.(将had提到句首，再将if省略，构成倒装句)
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
1) I wish _______________(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). 2) If only ______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself. 3) ——Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? ——I’d rather he _______________(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). 4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). 5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). 6) We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院). 7) It was advised that _______________(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). 8) His proposal was that _______________(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). 9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考试).
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水). 11) It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). 12) _______________(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey. 13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的话打断了). 14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就会湿的). 15) _______________(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now. 16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他现在就不在人间了). 17) But for his help, _______________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
虚拟语气单项选择题： 1. Sorry, I am too busy now. If I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. (2012 湖南) A. have had B. had had C. have D. had 2. If my car ____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lasa instead of flying last summer. （2012 陕西） A. was B. had been C. should be D. would be 3. We ____ the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me? （2012 北京） A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 4. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ____ more places of interest yesterday. （2012 福建） A. visited B. had visited C. would visit D. would have visited 5. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ____ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. (2012 安徽) A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live 6. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.（2009 福建） A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ____ it without you.（2008 山东） A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 8. _____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. （2006 湖北） A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 9. — Do you mind if I open the window? —____ I feel a bit cold. （2004 广东） A. Of course not B. I’d rather you didn’t C. Go ahead D. Why not? 10. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. （2002 上海） A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 11. What would have happened ____, as far as the riverbank? （2001 上海） A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther