2015年职称英语补全短文练习
（一）What We Take from and Give to the Sea
As long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.
We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. (1) We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. (2) Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (3) Seaweed becomes food of many kinds-even candy, and ice cream — as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water.(4) But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.
The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. (5) Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.
We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.
A Natural sponges become cleaning aids.
B We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.
C The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.
D Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.
E We even use their bones for fertilizer.
F Some of its contents may cause illness.
（二）Teamwork in Tourism
Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.
(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵
Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling.
(3)
Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. (4)
(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.
练习：
A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services.
B They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.
C Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.
D As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.
E Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.
F In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.
（三）Financial Risks
Several types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.
(1) They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing.(2) Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. (3) The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.
Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3,expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. (4) Management information systems and— effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk4，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.
Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protective
action to minimize their unfavorable effects5. (5) International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float,devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.
A Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses.
B One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments.
C Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.1
D The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards.
E Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.
F Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.
（四）Development in Newspaper Organization
One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______(1)_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______(2)________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.
Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______(3)______. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______(4)______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________(5)_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.
A. to play an important role in newspaper operations
B. was the growth of telegraph services
C. and they usually enjoy great prestige
D. they are usually operated by a single owner
E. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costs
F. owned by a single person or organization
（五）Bedwetting (尿床)
Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It’s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don’t tell their friends, so it’s easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. ___1___.
The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are asleep, there’s a good chance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. __2__.
The most important thing to remember is that no one wets the bed on purpose. It doesn’t mean that you’re lazy or a slob. __3__. For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladders is full and don’t wake up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that he’s in the bathroom peeing –only to wake up later and discover he’s all wet. May kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers. ___4___.
Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are dry on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend’s or a relative’s house. __5__. So the brain may be thinking, ―Hey, Don’t wet someone else’s bed! ‖ This can help you stay dry if you’re not aware of it.
A. The good news is that almost all kids who wet the bed eventually stop.
B. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log—they just stay asleep.
C. It’s something you can’t help doing.
D. just like you may have inherited your mom’s blue eyes or your uncles’ long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too.
E. That’s because kids who are anxious about wetting the bed may no sleep much or only ve ry lightly.
F. But you are not alone.
(六)
Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancel However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. __________.(46)
No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke. from other people’s cigarettes.__________ (47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.
The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past. scientists did not也ink that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’s health. __________ (48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic(有毒的)chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It iS even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke.__________ (49)Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smoke
People are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. __________ (50)
A Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.
B The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.
C 111is smoke is called secondhand smoke.
D However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.
E As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. .
F In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.
（七）Caribbean Islands
What would you See if you took a cruise to the Cartbbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)?White beaches and clear，blue ocean?Colorful corals(珊瑚)and even more colorful fishes and birds?
You bet There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea.They are famous for their warm，tropical climate and great natural beauty.
The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of me Atlantic Ocean，Some of the islands were formed by the eruption(爆发)of ancient volcanoes(火山)______(46) The Caribbean Islands are known by several names._____(47)The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of https://www.doczj.com/doc/498293107.html,ter,Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea_______(48)These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller.Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片)of exposed coral.You can see why pirates(海盗)such as the famous Blackbeard satled these waters._____(49) The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands.This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year______(50)
A But 1ife Oil the Caribbean Islands iS not always painful.
B The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies，later changed to the West Indies.
C Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean
D They are Cuba，Puerto Rico，Jamaica，and Hispaniola.
E Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.
F There are countless smallislands to bury treasure or hide on.
（八）A Heroic Woman
The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind. (46)She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side. “I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week. The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta
courthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. (47) Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but
released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life. “I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn’t have a mummy,”she said. In order to calm the man down, she read to him from “The Purpose-Driven Life”,
a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraph “about what you thought your purpose in life
was-what talents were you given.”(48) “I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,”Smith said.
Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her. “He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said. “And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.”(49)She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道)of the police hunt for him. “I cannot believe that’s me,”Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do. She said, “I think you should turn yourself in.
If you don’t, lots more people are going to get hurt.”Eventually, he let her go. (50)A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols’capture. Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的)for that money.
A The local police were searching for him.
B Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.
C Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.
D She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.
E And the two of them discussed this topic.
F Then she called the police.
（九）You Need Courage!
Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment. .(46)
So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students.., and talking, and talking. (47) He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time
with him down to 10 minutes. Decision time.
I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 p.m." I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. (48) Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath.
He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff." He smiled.
(49) He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. (50) When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't.
A I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door.
B As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him.
C I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have.
D He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world.
E I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class.
F I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.
（十）The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _____(1)_____. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.
Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, ____(2)____. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _____(3)_____. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.
It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids_____(4)____. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.
One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_____(5)_____. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome.
A for stone to use in modern buildings
B has made them less likely to fall into ruin
C before they could begin to build
D because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved
E while building the pyramids
F they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet
（一）答案与题解：
1.E前面二句讲了我们从大海捕捉大量的鱼供人们食用，这句接着讲―甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥‖。Even这个词在这里清楚地表示了这两句话的关系。
2.D这句话的前一句讲的是我们可以通过水的蒸发从海水中得到一种矿物质——盐，这句话则说除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来。
3.A前面讲到除了矿物质外，大海还给了我们珍珠、海绵和海草这三样东西。接着作者分别用一句话来说明每一样东西的昂途。先讲了珍珠,最后讲的是海草，所以这中间的一句应该是讲海绵的用途了。
4.F前一句话说了^们不能喝海水，这句话解释了为什么不能喝，很自然。
5.B前面一句话用garbage—词有力地回答了―我们给予大海什么‖这个带有自责性的问题，这句话则是对这个简单回答的具体解释。
译文：论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的
自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。我们向海洋索取的同时也在给予o
我们从海里捕鱼——为了获取百万人的食物，我们每年在海里捕数千吨的鱼，甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥。我们从海里获得物。制盐的一种办法就是将海水放在浅底的水池里直至水分蒸发。除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来，还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。但是这些物质不能通过海水的蒸发而被我们获取。海洋赐予我们的礼物还有珍珠丨海绵和海草。珍珠能做成珠宝，海绵可用来作为清洗东西的物品，海草可加工成许多种食品，甚至糖果、冰淇淋以及药品。不管你相不相信，淡水也是海洋赐予我们的礼物。海水不能饮用，其中有些物质会致病。但是去掉海水中的盐分后，海水就变成了淡水。将来，我们会越来越依赖午从海水中取来的淡水。
海洋给予我们食物、化肥、矿物、水资源以及其他的礼物。然而，我们又给予了大海什么呢? 垃圾。我们把大海当做垃圾桶的时候污染了大海。海洋虽然巨大无边,却无法容纳所有我们倾倒进去的水。把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。然而，随着世界人口的增长，我们也许将会比以往任何时候都需要海洋以及它给人类带来的东西。
我们最终认识到，如果破坏了海洋，我们就将毁灭自己。只希望这个认识还不算太迟。
（二）答案与题解：
1.C本段第二句和第三句话都以人称代词they作主语，但所指不明。在大多数情况下，其指代对象应在同一段落的前文中找。C与这两个句子在结构和意思上都是平行的，时态也一致，而且用travel operators 这个名词去替代这两个句子中的they都讲得通。
2.B这一句继续讲旅游经纪人的工作,它同本段前三句话在时态、结构和意思上一致或平行。
3.F指示词this/that及其复数形式在英语中是重要的衔接手段，多数情况下this指上文刚刚提到的事情或说过的话。本段第一句话说旅游顾问召开研讨会使代理人熟悉新业务和销售技巧。承接这句话，F 说―通过这种方式，代理人学会了怎样对旅行自的地加以解释以及向游客建议各种不同的旅行方式及组合方式，如飞机、船、火车、公共汽车、汽车出租，甚至汽车的购买‖。―这种方式‖就是指上一句话中的召开研讨会，因而F是最合适的选项。
4.E本段第一句话说房地产公司和旅行社密切合作，达成了最为适当的协议。这种协议兼顾了顾客的方便和他们自己的财政方面的安排。E实际上进一步阐述了二者之间相互依赖的紧密关系。
5.A写文章讲究句子和段落之间的衔接。第四段讲到了房地产公司和旅行社之间相互依赖的合作关系,A说―旅行社和运输公司之间也存在着同等程度的信任‖，像same, different (ly) , similar(ly), otherwise这样的词语有很强的衔接力，属于指称衔接(reference)中的比较衔接。下一句话详细解释旅行社和运输公司之间的关系，进一步印证了应该选A。
译文：旅游业中的团队合作
不同旅游部门之间越来越多的合作证明对有关各方都有益。政府机构、贸易与旅游协会、运输公司和房地产公司都一齐致力于为旅行者创造良好的条件。
旅游经纪人作为旅游计划的专家提出广泛的研究方案。他们了解所有的旅游区和所有运输公司的服务。他们的专长是组织不同类型的旅游活动以及准备有效的广告宣传。他们把材料分发给旅行社。这些材料包括杂志、小册子和广告项目。他们提供熟悉情况和组织研讨问题的旅游，从而使旅行社在短时间内就能获得有关他们正在推出的旅行活动的第一手资料。
旅游顾问举办各种重要的研讨会以便使旅行社代理人熟悉新的方案和技巧。通过这种方式, 代理人学会了怎样对旅行目的地加以解释以及向游客建议各种不同的旅行方式及组合方式，如飞机、船、火车、公共汽车、汽车出租，甚至汽车的购买。
房地产公司与旅行社之间密切合作，达成了最为适当的协议。这种协议兼顾了顾客的方便和他们自己的财政方面的安排。旅行社依靠旅馆提供良好的服务，反过来，旅馆依靠旅行社来完成合同，招揽顾客。
在旅行社与运输公司(包括汽车出租和观光服务)之间也存在着同种程度的信任。运输公司依靠旅行社来提供乘客，而旅行社依靠运输公司提供受游客欢迎的旅行活动。所有服务机构都以提高效率、价格公平及使顾客满意为宗旨。
（三）答案与题解：
1.C从文章结构上看，第一段提出要讨论三种主要的金融风险：商业风险、政治风险和外汇险。第三、第四段的主题句告诉我们这两段分别讨论了政治风险和外汇风险，第二段自然是谈商业风险,用C作该段主题句是最合适的。
2.B本段第二、第三句话列举了商业风险的种种表现形式，B说:―国际市场独有的一种风险与金融调节有关。‖后一句话的主语Such risk指的就是这一独特的风险，such在句子之间起到了衔接作用。
3.D本句和前一句举例说明因产品质量争议而引起的所谓国际市场独有的商业风险。本句主语the distributor指的就是上句中出现的a distributor in Germany，这里distributor通过重复在句子之间起到了衔接作用。
4.A本段主要谈政治风险，因而选项A最合适。、
5.E本段主要谈外汇风险，E说：―世界主要货币的浮动汇率制迫使所有商家特别关注汇率的波动，并意识到需要调整金融计划来作补偿。‖后一句以国际商用机器公司为例说明这一情况。
译文：金融风险
国际金融市场的风险存在几种类型，主要是商业风险、政治风险和外汇风险。
商业风险事实上是日常商务活动中一般的信用风险。包括偿债能力、违约和拒绝付款。然而竞争才是最主要的风险，需要持续有效的管理和营销才能在竞争中立足。国际市场的二个独特的风险是金融调节方面的风险。这种风险产生于有关货物质量、合同条款及货款不兑现方面引起的争执。例如，有一家公司将几百吨脱水土豆运给德国一家批发商，这^^批发商经过检验认为这些土豆的味道和质地不合标准。对于出口商这方来说,可以降低价格、另寻买主或将土豆运回国内，两者均需要付出相当大的代价。
政治风险与战争、变革、货币的不可兑换性、土地征用、驱逐出境、进口许可的限制或取消有关。政治风险是所有商务活动都需要考虑的环境因素。是通过信息管理系统和有效的决策程序防范政治风险的最好办法。许多公司都发现，有时政治风险是不可避免的，所以商家必须心中有数或是放弃某些市场的交易o
汇率不稳定也必然会产生不利影响。但多年来，大多数公司都能采取预防性措施将这种不利影响降到最低限度。世界主要货币的浮动汇率制迫使所有商家尤为关注汇率的波动，并意识到需要调整金融计划来作补偿。例如，国际商用机器公司曾报道1981年第三季度的收益额因为汇率变动而急剧下降了21.6%。实行浮动汇率制以前，主要货币的贬值并不常见，而且通常可以预测得到。但是在浮动汇率制度下，汇率的波动是很常见的。
（四）KEY: BAFDE
（五）key: FDCBE
（六）答案解析
46 B 前一句主要讲的是,Gilson与妻子Evelyn生活在一起,而Evelyn自打他们结婚以来一直是差不多每天一包烟。接下来显然应选表示他们结婚年限的句子。
47 C 前一句提到,不吸烟者时常吸入他人香烟中冒出的烟,接下来应首选对此烟加以定义的句子。
48 A 前一句讲的是科学家们过去对二手烟的看法,接下来应选表示他们改变观点的句子,因为下一句表明他们所持的观点已与过去截然不同。
49 F 前一句提到了儿童与二手烟的问题。接下来的句子自然仍然与儿童有关。
50 E 前一句讲的是人们逐渐意识到二手烟的危害性,因此接下来应首选表示人们采取措施,禁止公共场所吸烟的句子。
（七）答案解析
46 C 第三段的第一句话说的是：加勒比群岛形成了一个锁链，把加勒比海与大西洋的其他部分分开。有可能构成答案的是C和D。因为它们的第一个词分别是others，，和“They”，该词回指“The Caribbean Islands”。但是，“The Caribbean Islands”只有古巴等四个国家组成不符合实际情况，因此C是正确的。
47 B 第四段的第一句话(主题句)说的是：加勒比群岛有好几个名字。这是一个总的概括，紧接着应该是具体的说明。B是具体的说明：欧洲人最早用的名字是印度群岛(the Indies)，后来叫做西印度群岛(the West Indies)。
48 D 第五段的第一句话说的是：加勒比海有四个大的岛屿。这是一个总的说明。下面应当列举。D 是列举。
49 F 第六段的第一句话说的是：加勒比群岛中的其他岛屿小得多。接着应该是进一步说明。F是进一步说明。
50 E 最后一段讲到加勒比海的天气温暖，阳光充裕，许多岛屿的海岸有沙滩。这样的自然环境显然会吸引旅游者。因此E是正确的选择。
（八）参考答案：46.B 47.A 48.E 49.D 50.F
（九）答案：E C F A D
（十）Key:FABDC
【篇一】高考英语作文预测及范文 给朋友写电子邮件 Dear Tony, I am Li Hua, a boy of 16 from China. I'm a middle school student. I'm glad to read your information on the Internet and I know you want to make an e-pal with a Chinese. I want to be your friend and wish to know more about the culture of the USA. I'm good at English and I think we can help each other to know more about America and China by sending e-mails. We can also chat on the Internet in English or Chinese. I like table tennis, enjoy singing and prefer popular music. At the same time, I like collecting stamps and traveling around in my spare time. I hope you can come to visit China, and I'll show you around many places of interest. I'm looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【篇二】高考英语作文预测及范文 感谢帮过你的人 Last week I saw a young man giving up his seat to a woman with a baby in her arms on a bus. To my great surprise, the woman did not thank the young man; on the contrary, she glared at him coldly, which made him embarrassed. 上周，我在公共汽车上看到一个年轻人给一个怀抱婴儿的妇女让座。让我感到奇怪的是，这位妇女没有感谢这位年轻人，反而用冷淡的目光盯着他，使他感到困窘。 This incident set me thinking. If everyone acted like that woman, who would like to help others? And what would our society be like? 这事令我深思。如果每个人都像那个妇女那样，谁还愿意帮助别人?我们这个社会将会变成什么样子?
2015年全国职称英语考试理工类新增文章汇总 word版全网独一份 注：押题皇后王霞老师授意，新增文章仍然是考试热门文章，务必掌 握。 2015年职称英语教材理工类的变动比较小，一共只有5篇新增文章。2015年职称英语教材理工类新增的5篇文章，分布在阅读理解和补全短文：阅读理解理工C和理工B各新增一篇文章；补全短文理工A、B和C各新增一篇文章。完形填空理工类整体都没有新增文章。
理工C阅读理解新增文章 第九篇An Essential Scientific Process All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live. The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet. 词汇： nutrient n.营养物 organism n.生物体，有机体 carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳 chloroplast n.叶绿体 molecule n.分子 vapor n.水蒸气 oxygen n.氧气 photosynthesis n.光合作用 chlorophyll n.叶绿素 glucose n.葡萄糖 cease v.停止 注释： 1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。 练习： 1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” means Aheavy. Bextra. Cgreen. Dliquid.
2015职称英语综合类B级真题及答案 第1部分词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed 12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. coexisting B. fair C. full D .pubic 13. They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A. requesting B.planning C. preparing D. looking 14. He said some harsh words about his brother. A. unkind B. proper C. normal D. unclear 15. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. sum D. temp 第2部分: 阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A: 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息问中没有提及，请选择C。 Living History at Jamestown Settlement A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的) cameras. This is Jamestown Settlement today.
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
高考英语作文 高考的日子里,虽然清苦,却很充实.下面是小编给大家整理的_高考英语作文范文预测,供你参考! 【篇一】_高考英语作文范文预测 热点预测:社会主义核心价值观 精准扶贫 高考,是国家选拔人才的一种重要方式,说它受到举世瞩目亦不为过.关心国事是一名合格人才的重要特征.因此,对精准扶贫这一热点政策的考查亦有可能.听上去难写,写起来不一定难哦,一起来看以下预测英语作文吧! 【题目要求】 假如你是李华Li Hua,你的英国朋友Peter给你发来微信,想了解一下你的家乡自〝十九大(the _th National Congress of the Communist Party of China)〞以来所发生的变化,请你用英文给他回复. 内容如下:1. 精准扶贫(targeted poverty reduction),效果良好;2. 环境保护得到了明显改善. 注意:1. 词数1_ 左右;2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯. 【优秀范文】 Dear Peter, I’m glad that you are caring about the development of my hometown. Now I will tell you something about it. Great changes have taken place since the_th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The targeted poverty reduction has reached its ideal aims. Many poor families have got effective help from local government
第五篇Tracking Down HIV In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells. By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died. In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.
2015年职称英语考试综合类B 级试题及参考答案
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇 第六篇 The Apgar Test The baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad. Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 on his first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called for help1. These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth. The Apgar t est is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0，1，or 2. 3
2015年职称英语《综合类A级》真题及答案 第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题。每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.This was disaster on a comic scale. A.medest https://www.doczj.com/doc/498293107.html,mercial C.huge D.national 【参考答案】C 2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. A.amazing B.depressing C.predictable D.dull 【参考答案】D 3.A person's wealth is ofen in inverse proportion to their happiness. A.equal B.certain https://www.doczj.com/doc/498293107.html,rge D.oppsite 【参考答案】D 4.His professional career spanned 16years. A.started B.changed https://www.doczj.com/doc/498293107.html,sted
D.moved 【参考答案】C 5.The symptoms of the disease manfested themselves ten days later. A.eased B.improved C.relieved D.appeared 【参考答案】D 6.The group does not advocate the use of violence A.limit B.support C.regulate D.oppose 【参考答案】B 7.She tell that she had done her good deed for the day. A.act B.homework C.jusuce D.model 【参考答案】A 8.Some of the larget bieds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. A.motionless B.sitent C.seated D.true
高考英语作文预测：传统文化（习俗、茶、诗歌、印章）1. 传统文化（习俗） 【写作要求】 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括： 1. 到达时间；（应该早到一些时间。这样，你就可以和你朋友的家人，一起准备晚饭——你不需要做任何事情，陪伴就已经足够。） 2. 合适的礼物；（应当带一些小的礼物，比如说一本书。） 3. 餐桌礼仪。（请牢记，让年长的人the senior，先吃be served first。） 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【优秀满分作文】 Dear Terry, This is Li Hua. I am writing this very letter to formally response to your former letter inquiring about local customs in China. And from my perspective, in order to help you behave decently, the following suggestions are supposed to be followed. First and for most, you are supposed to arrive a bit earlier. Thus,
you can join your friend's families to prepare the dinner – you needn't do anything, and just being with them is fair enough. Furthermore, it is advisable for you to bring some small gifts, like a book. Last but not least, please do remember that let the senior be served first. Hopefully, you could enjoy your meal with your Chinese friend and his families. And please feel free to contact me, if you have any further questions. Best regards! Yours, Li Hua 2. 中国茶饮 【写作要求】 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack发来邮件，想了解中国茶文化常识。现在请你给他回封邮件，内容包括： 1. 中国茶文化简介; 2. 饮茶的好处; 3. 邀请他来中国体验茶文化。 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;
Real World Robots When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic devi ce having the same general shape as a human being, performin g humanlike functions, and responding to your questions i n a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, bu t in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a r obot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficien tly carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by huma ns. T o d a y’ s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one t ask again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyin g degrees of artificial intelligence— that is, a robot contains a computer program that tell s it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not posses s a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A
第1部分：词汇选项（第1?15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5.They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct 8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move 10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. fair B. full C. coexisting D. public 11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture. A. policy B. value C. equality D. integration 12. A salesman?s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal 13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A. silence B. praise C. assure D. complain 14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear. A. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. continuous 15.The starving children were a pathetic sight. A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful 第2部分：阅读判断（第16?22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Cities “Worse to Live in Than 20 Years Ago One thousand people were surveyed about a range of issues which affect cities, and the remarkable findings show that life in today?s mega-cities is so stressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living in big cities would like to relocate to the countryside or a small town. The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the list of problems. For many people, the daily commute (通勤）to work is a source of frustration. 40% of the people in the survey have suffered from road rage while stuck in traffic on the way to work. The cost of public
高考英语作文预测 假如你叫李华,某国外网站邀请你发帖分享你的学习方式。要点如下: 1.广泛阅读; 2.多听讲座; 3.其听力方式(自拟)。 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dearfriends, I’dliketosharemyuniquelearningstylewithyou, ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Yours, LiHua 参考范文 Dearfriends,
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2015职称英语综合类C真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词语或短语画有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. A way B factor C objective D source 2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A message B punishment C guilt D obligation 3 He said some harsh words about his brother. A proper B normal C unclear D unkind 4 I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. A partner B help C drive D guide 5 We need to identify the potential problem. A man B possible C immediate D common 6 When did you first encounter these difficulties? A create B experience C present D resolve 7 Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuable clearly visible. A attract B alarm C catch D spot 8 There is a need for radical changes in education.