Real World Robots
When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic devi ce having the same general shape as a human being, performin g humanlike functions, and responding to your questions i n a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, bu t in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a r obot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficien tly carries out
repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by huma ns.
T o d a y’
s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one t ask again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyin g degrees of artificial intelligence—
that is, a robot contains a computer program that tell s it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not posses s a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A
robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination wit h joints and motors.
T o find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes variou s built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’
s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendul um inside
it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，
the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound wave s off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors con stantly feed information to the computer, which then analy zes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robo t too will progress in its functions and use of artifi cial-intelligence programs.
词汇：
envision v. 想象，预想
device n. 装置
accentuate v. 强调，重读
artificial intelligence n. 人工智能
limb n. 臂
antennae n. 天线
incline v. 倾斜
pendulum n. 钟摆
ultrasonic adj. 超声的
metallic adj. 金属的
monotone n. 单调的
humanoid adj. 像人的
axle n. 轮轴
rotate v. 旋转
swivel n. 旋转
teeter v. 摇晃
gyroscope n. 陀螺仪，回转仪
vertical n. 直立的
注释：
1．To find its way in its surroundings...：为了在周围找到路……
2．the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path：机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。
练习：
1．Another good title for this passage would be
A Robots: Taking the Place of Humans.
B Artificial Intelligence Programs.
C Today’s Robots and How They Function.
D Modern-Day Sensors.
2．Artificial intelligence is
A the unnatural way in which robots move.
B a voiceless, box-shaped machine that performs repetitive tasks.
C sensors such as antennae and a gyroscope.
D a computer program that imitates human intellectual proce sses.
3．The last paragraph suggests that future robots will be
A more humanlike in behavior and actions.
B more like automatic machines.
C better able to move on inclines.
D better equipped with laser light sensors.
4．The writer begins the passage by comparing
A the shape of a human being with a box.
B a modem robot with a fictional robot.
C an imaginary machine with a human.
D a computer program with artificial intelligence.
5．The word humanoid means
A lacking human characteristics.
B anything having the appearance of a humanoid.
C being void or vacant.
D having a human form or characteristics.
答案与题解：
1．C从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C选项。
2．D
Artificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意思。另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificial intelligence能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一种类似人类智能的计算机程序。3．A最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。
4B
文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选择B选项。
5．D
从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以得出这个词是表示和人类类似的
特征，
不管是外形上，还是行为方式上。
Real World Robots
现实世界中的机器人
When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic device having the same general shape as a human being, performing humanlike functions, and responding to your questions in a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, but in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a robot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficiently carries out
当你想到一个机器人，你想像的有光泽，具有相同的一般形状的金属装置，作为一个人类，执行人的功能，在一个单调的声音高亢的音调的声音加重你的问题的回应？这是许多我们想
象一个机器人，但是在现实世界中，一个机器人都不是人形。取而代之的是一个机器人往往
是无声的，箱型机，有效地进行
repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans.
重复的或危险的通常是由人执行的功能。
Today’s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and again.
A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence—that is, a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not possess a human shape for the simple reason that a
two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A
今天的机器人是一个自动的机器，执行一个任务，一次又一次。现代机器人是不同的人工智能，机器人编程是度，包含一个计算机程序，告诉它如何执行与人类智能有关的任务，如推理，得出结论，从过去的经验中学习。一个机器人不具备这一二条腿的机器人很难平衡的原因很简单，剩下的人的形状。一个机器人，然而，流离转徙轮轴，滚动和旋转。一个robot even has limbs that swivel and move in combination with joints and motors.
机器人甚至有四肢与关节和马达组合的旋转和移动。
To find its way in its surroundings1, a robot utilizes various built-in sensors. Antennae attached to the robot’s base detect anything they bump into. If the robot starts to teeter as it moves on an incline, a gyroscope or a pendulum inside
在surroundings1寻路，机器人利用各种内置传感器。连接到机器人的基础上发现任何他们撞到天线。如果机器人开始步履蹒跚时，在斜坡上，陀螺仪或摆在
it senses the vertical differential. To determine its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the object，the robot bounces beams of laser light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions in its path2. These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer, which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robot’s actions. As science and technology advance, the robot too will progress in its functions and use of artificial-intelligence programs.
它感觉的垂直差异。确定从一个对象的距离和如何快速地达到目标，机器人弹跳的激光和超声波声波在其path2障碍梁。这些和其他的传感器不断反馈信息到计算机，然后分析信息并修正或调整机器人的行为。随着科学技术的进步，机器人也会在它的功能和使用的人工智能程序的进展。
补全短文新增文章：
*
第九篇
Lightening Strikes
Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroye d Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—
with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience.
“My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was throw n to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1_
When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.
___ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way i n and found the c h i l d r e n,t h a n k f u l l y u n h a r m e d.L a t e r I w a s t o l d t o b e s t r u c k b y l i g h t n i n g i s a c h a n c e i n a million.” In fact, it’
s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER
T e c h n o l o g y,an organisation that monitors the effects of light ning, thinks you should be s e n s i b l e.“I w o u l d n’
t g o o u t i n a s t o r m—b u t t h e n I’
m q u i t e a c a r e f u l p e r s o n.”H e a d v i s e s anyone w ho is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible. Lightning is one of nature’
s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2__
A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.__ 250 y ears ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，
proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but sc ientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works . ____3_
Occasionally there are warning signs.___ Positive electric al charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’
s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has manufac tured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach.Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning .
Mrs Wilder’
s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since th at time，she has been a strictly fair weather golfer
1. ____4__ In fact, a golf course is one of the most dange rous places to be during a thunderstorm.
__ The best place to be is inside a car! The largest numbe r of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were h it simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the st rike was the fact that 11 of the victims—
seven adults and four children—
had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet. Harold Deal, a r etired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the
part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperatu re. ____5_
Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’
t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.
___ Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918,504 she ep
were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightn ing that hit the ground and travelled through the en tire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.
词汇：
bolt n. （闪电）道
sheer adj. 绝对的
resuscitate v. 使复苏
flock n. 群
rubble n. 碎石
spire n. 尖顶，尖塔
instantaneously adv. 即刻，突如其来地
注释：
1．she has been a strictly fair weather golfer
：她变成了一个只在晴朗天气才打高尔夫的人。
2． Animals are victims of lightning too：动物也会受到雷击的伤害。
练习：
A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.
B In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous place s to be during a thunderstorm.
C Lightning has long been hailed as one of the most impress ive displays of nature’s power.
D When I picked myself up, the roof and the entir e upper storey of the house had been demolished.
E Occasionally there are warning signs.
F Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’
t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.
答案与题解：
1．D前文讲到“我”被爆炸击中，因此后文要讲被击昏然后醒来之后的事，D项符合。
2．A前文讲闪电是大自然绝对力量最可怕的展现方式之一，而宙斯在古希腊是力量的化身，古希腊人认为雷电产生的原因是宙斯发怒并投掷闪电。
3．E后文讲到闪电来临之前的一些征兆，还讲到有一种产品可以预告闪电。此处要填的是该段的主题句，即闪电到来之前会有一些征兆。4．B前面讲到在高尔夫球场上被雷击的一个事例，后文讲闪电来临之时最安全的地方是汽车里，因此要填的句子应该是讲在高尔夫球场不安全。
5．F前文讲Harold因为雷击丧失了感受温度的能力，F选项中关于他再也不怕冬天的寒冷的描述符合要求
Three years ago a bolt of lightning all but destroyed Lyn Miller’s house in Aberdeen—with her two children inside. “There was a huge rainstorm,” she says, recalling the terrifying experience.“My brother and I were outside desperately working to stop floodwater from coming in the house. Suddenly I was thrown to the ground by an enormous bang. ____1_ When I picked myself up, the roof and the entire upper storey of the house had been demolished.
三年前的一道闪电都毁在阿伯丁Lyn Miller的房子里和她的两个孩子里面。“有一个巨大的风暴，”她说，回忆可怕的经历。”我和我的兄弟在拼命工作以阻止洪水进入房间。我突然被扔在地上的一个巨大的爆炸。____1_当我爬了起来，屋顶和房子的整个上层楼已拆除。
___ The door was blocked by rubble, but we forced our way in and found the children, thankfully unharmed. Later I was told to be struck by lightning is a chance in a million.” In fact, it’s calculated at one chance in 600,000. Even so, Dr Mark Keys of AER
___门被瓦砾，但我们挤了进去，发现孩子们安然无恙，谢天谢地。后来有人告诉我被闪电击中的是一百万的一个机会。”事实上，它的计算在一个机会600000。即便如此，马克博士的钥匙是
Technology, an organisation that monitors the effects of lightning, thinks you should be sensible. “I wouldn’t go out in a storm—but then I’m quite a careful person.” He advises anyone who is unlucky enough to be caught in a storm to get down on the ground and curl up into a ball, making yourself as small as possible. Lightning is one of nature’s most awesome displays of sheer power. ____2__ A No wonder the ancient Greeks thought it was Zeus, father of the gods, throwing thunderbolts around in anger.__ 250 years ago, Benjamin Franklin, the American scientist and statesman，proved that lightning is a form of electricity, but scientists still lack a complete understanding of how it works. ____3_
Occasionally there are warning signs.___ Positive electrical charges streaming upwards from trees or church spires may glow and make a buzzing noise, and people’s hair can stand on end. And if you fear lightning, you’ll be glad to know that a company in America has manufactured a hand-held lightning detector which can detect it up to 70 kms away, sound a warning tone and monitor the storm’s approach. Nancy Wilder was playing golf at a club in Surrey when she was hit by a bolt of lightning.
技术，一个组织，监测雷电的影响，认为你应该通情达理。“我不会去风暴不过我是一个细心的人。”他建议任何人谁是不幸在一场风暴把放在地上，蜷缩成一个球，使自己尽可能小。闪电是大自然最可怕的表现出纯粹的力量。____2__难怪古希腊人以为是宙斯，众神之父，投掷雷电在愤怒。__ 250年前，本杰明富兰克林，美国的科学家和政治家，证明了闪电是电的一种形式，但科学家们仍然缺乏一个全面的了解它是如何工作的。____3_偶尔有警告标志。正电荷流___上树或教堂的尖顶可以发光和发出嗡嗡的噪声，和人的头发竖起来。如果你害怕闪电，你会很高兴知道，一家位于美国的公司制作了一个手持闪电探测器可以探测到70公里远，发出警告音和风暴的监测方法。南茜怀尔德在萨里郡的一个俱乐部打高尔夫球时，她被一道闪电击中。
Mrs Wilder’s heart stopped beating, but she was resuscitated and, after a few days in hospital, where she was treated for bums to her head, hands and feet, she was pronounced fit again. Since that time，she has been a strictly fair weather golfer
怀尔德夫人的心脏停止了跳动，但她复苏后，住院几天，她被烧伤治疗她的头，手和脚，她被宣布复出。自那时以来，她一直是一个严格的公平的天气的高尔夫球手
1. ____4__ In fact, a golf course is one of the most dangerous places to be during a thunderstorm.
1。____4__事实上，一个高尔夫球场是雷雨中最危险的地方。
__ The best place to be is inside a car! The largest number of people to be struck by lightning at one time was in September 1995 when 17 players on a football pitch were hit simultaneously. The most extraordinary aspect of the strike was the fact that 11 of the victims—seven adults and four children—had burn patterns of tiny holes at 3 centimetre intervals on each toe and around the soles of their feet. Harold Deal, a retired electrician from South Carolina, USA, was struck by lightning 26 years ago. He was apparently unhurt, but it later emerged that the strike had damaged the
__最好的地方是在汽车里！最大数量的人被闪电击中的一次是在九月1995时，17名球员在球场上被击中的同时。罢工的最非凡之处在于，11的受害者七成人和四儿童有微小的孔在3厘米的间隔燃烧模式在每个脚趾及脚底。哈罗德的交易，从南卡罗来纳州，美国的退休电工，被闪电击中了26年前。他显然没有受伤，但后来出现了罢工破坏了
part of the brain which controls the sensation of temperature. ____5_ Since then the freezing South Carolina winters haven’t bothered Harold, since he is completely unable to feel the cold.
其中控制温度的感觉的大脑的一部分。自那时以来，南卡罗来纳州的冬天冻结没有困扰哈罗德____5_，因为他完全不觉得冷。
___ Animals are victims of lightning too2．Hundreds of cows and sheep are killed every year, largely
___动物是闪电2受害者。牛羊每年有数百人被杀，很大程度上
because they go under trees. In East Anglia in 1918,504 sheep
因为他们走在树下。在东英吉利的1918504只羊
were killed instantaneously by the same bolt of lightning that hit the ground and travelled through the entire flock. Lightning is also responsible for starting more than 10,000 forest fires each year world-wide.
被闪电击中地面，走遍了整个羊群相同的螺栓瞬间死亡。闪电也开始负责超过10000的森林火灾每年全世界。
2015职称英语综合类B级真题及答案 第1部分词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious 10. These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A. poorer than B. narrower than C. larger than D. richer than 11. The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A. improved B. changed C. worsened D. developed 12. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. coexisting B. fair C. full D .pubic 13. They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A. requesting B.planning C. preparing D. looking 14. He said some harsh words about his brother. A. unkind B. proper C. normal D. unclear 15. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. sum D. temp 第2部分: 阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分) 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A: 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息问中没有提及，请选择C。 Living History at Jamestown Settlement A woman in Native American clothes is sitting in the sun, sewing a dress from skin. Inside a building, a colonist is making a wooden chair, using very simple tools. And all around, tourists are taking pictures with their digital (数码的) cameras. This is Jamestown Settlement today.
2015年全国职称英语考试理工类新增文章汇总 word版全网独一份 注：押题皇后王霞老师授意，新增文章仍然是考试热门文章，务必掌 握。 2015年职称英语教材理工类的变动比较小，一共只有5篇新增文章。2015年职称英语教材理工类新增的5篇文章，分布在阅读理解和补全短文：阅读理解理工C和理工B各新增一篇文章；补全短文理工A、B和C各新增一篇文章。完形填空理工类整体都没有新增文章。
理工C阅读理解新增文章 第九篇An Essential Scientific Process All life on the earth depends upon green plants. Using sunlight, the plants produce their own food. Then animals feed upon the plants. They take in the nutrients the plants have made and stored. But that’s not all. Sunlight also helps a plant produce oxygen. Some of the oxygen is used by the plant, but a plant usually produces more oxygen than it uses. The excess oxygen is necessary for animals and other organisms to live. The process of changing light into food and oxygen is called photosynthesis. Besides light energy from the sun, plants also use water and carbon dioxide. The water gets to the plant through its roots. The carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata. The carbon dioxide travels to chloroplasts, special cells in the bodies of green plants. This is where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain the chlorophylls that give plants their green color. The chlorophylls are the molecules that trap light energy. The trapped light energy changes water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and a simple sugar called glucose. Carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of the stomata. Water vapor also moves out of the stomata. More than 90 percent of water a plant takes in through its roots escapes through the stomata. During the daytime, the stomata of most plants are open. This allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaves for photosynthesis. As night falls, carbon dioxide is not needed. The stomata of most plants close. Water loss stops. If photosynthesis ceased, there would be little food or other organic matter on the earth. Most organisms would disappear. The earth’s atmosphere would no longer contain oxygen. Photosynthesis is essential for life on our planet. 词汇： nutrient n.营养物 organism n.生物体，有机体 carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳 chloroplast n.叶绿体 molecule n.分子 vapor n.水蒸气 oxygen n.氧气 photosynthesis n.光合作用 chlorophyll n.叶绿素 glucose n.葡萄糖 cease v.停止 注释： 1．Then animals feed upon the plants.动物以植物为食。 练习： 1．In the first paragraph，the word “excess” means Aheavy. Bextra. Cgreen. Dliquid.
2015年职称英语理工类B级考试真题 第一部分：词汇选项 1.The organization was bold enough to face the press. A.pleased B.powerful C.brave D.sensible 参考答案：C 2.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A.accept B.control C.observe D.regulate 参考答案：A 3.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A.limit B.fear C.power D.fool 参考答案：B 4.Most people find rejection hard to accept. A.excuse B.client C.destiny D.refusal 参考答案：D 5.She's extremely competent and industrious. A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent 参考答案：A 6.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A.hide B.handle C.disclose D.establish 参考答案：C 7.He tried to assemble his thoughts. A.clear B.share C.gather D.spare 参考答案：C
8.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A.message B.punishment C.guilt D.obligation 参考答案：B 9.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A.flexible B.terrible C.reasonable D.serious 参考答案：B 10.These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A.poorer than B.narrower than https://www.doczj.com/doc/118724182.html,rger than D.richer than 参考答案：A 11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed 参考答案：C 12.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A.coexisting B.fair C.full D.pubic 参考答案：A 13.They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A.requesting B.planning C.preparing D.looking 参考答案：A 14.He said some harsh words about his brother. A.unkind B.proper C.normal D.unclear 参考答案：A 15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A.amount
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
第五篇Tracking Down HIV In the summer of 1980, a patient had a strange purplish spot removed from below his ear. It was Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare form of skin cancer. This patient also had lymph node swelling and exhaustion. In November 1980, a Los Angeles immunologist examined a young man who had diseases linked to immune system malfunctions. The doctor had a T-cell count taken of the patient’s blood. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role1 in immune responses. The patient had no helper T-cells. By the end of 1980, 55 Americans were diagnosed with infections related to immune system breakdown; four had died. A year later the death toll was 74. Intravenous drug users had T-cell abnormalities. People who had received blood transfusions showed symptoms of immune system breakdown. By July 1982, 471 cases of the disease, now called Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), had been reported; 184 people had died. In April 1984, American virologist Dr. Robert Gallo isolated the pathogen, or disease producer, responsible for2 AIDS. He called it HTLV-III. In Paris, Dr. Luc Montagnier identified a virus he called LAV. An international panel of scientists determined that both men had found the same virus. It became known as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Blood banks began screening for HTV in 1985, but by then about 29,000 people had been infected through blood transfusions. Some 12,000 hemophiliacs had contracted HIV through blood-clotting products. By 1995, 477,900 Americans had AIDS; 295,500 had died.
2015职称英语综合类C真题及答案(完整版)第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词语或短语画有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. A way B factor C objective D source 2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A message B punishment C guilt D obligation 3 He said some harsh words about his brother. A proper B normal C unclear D unkind 4 I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. A partner B help C drive D guide 5 We need to identify the potential problem. A man B possible C immediate D common 6 When did you first encounter these difficulties? A create B experience C present D resolve 7 Don’ｔ tempt thieves by leaving valuable clearly visible. A attract B alarm C catch D spot 8 There is a need for radical changes in education.
2020年职称英语新增文章：教材理工类第六篇 第六篇 The Apgar Test The baby was bom at 3：36 p. m. At 3：37，she scored 4 out of 10 on her first test. At 3：41，she scored 8 out of 10. The doctor was glad. Another baby, bom at 8：24 p. m.，scored 3 out of 10 on his first test He scored 4 out of 10 on his second test. He took another test at 8：34 and scored 5. 1 He called for help1. These newborn babies took a test called the Apgar test. This test helps doctors diagnose problems. 2 Most babies take two tests. The first is at 1 minute after birth, and the second is at 5 minutes after birth. If a baby’s score at 5 minutes is less than 6，the baby takes another test at 10 minutes after birth. The Apgar t est is not an intelligence test. It’s a test that shows a baby’s health right after it is bom. The Apgar test measures things such as a baby’s color, heart rate, and breathing. The test has five parts, and the score for each part can be 0，1，or 2. 3
2015年职称英语理工类C级考试真题及答案第一部分：词汇选项 1. The weather last summer was awful. A. bad B. fair C. dry D. hot 参考答案：A 2. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. guilt C. obligation D. punishment 参考答案：D 3. My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. A. definitely B. generally C. certainly D. greatly 参考答案：D 4. There is a need for radical changes in education.
A. revolutionary B. long-term C. short-term D. systematic 参考答案：A 5. It frustrates me that I‘m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. A. discourages B. shows C. surprises D. frightens 参考答案：A 6. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A. limit B. fear C. power D. fool 参考答案：B 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. gather B. clear C. share D. spare
2015年职称英语考试综合类B 级试题及参考答案
2015职称英语综合类B级真题答案(词汇选项) 第1部分词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。 1. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D .sensible 2. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. accept B. control C. observe D. regulate 3. I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A limit B. fear C. power D. fool 4. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. destiny D. refusal 5. She's extremely competent and industrious. A. hardworking B. honest C. objective D. independent 6. The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A. hide B .handle C. disclose D. establish 7. He tried to assemble his thoughts. A. clear B. share C. gather D. spare 8. The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A. message B. punishment C. guilt D. obligation 9. Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A. flexible B. terrible C. reasonable D. serious
Real World Robots When you think of a robot, do you envision a shiny, metallic devi ce having the same general shape as a human being, performin g humanlike functions, and responding to your questions i n a monotone voice accentuated by high-pitched tones and beeps? This is the way many of us imagine a robot, bu t in the real world, a robot is not humanoid at all. Instead a r obot often is a voiceless, box-shaped machine that efficien tly carries out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by huma ns. T o d a y’ s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one t ask again and again. A modern robot is programmed with varyin g degrees of artificial intelligence— that is, a robot contains a computer program that tell s it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence, such as reasoning,drawing conclusions, and learning from past experience. A robot does not posses s a human shape for the simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced. A robot does, however, move from place to place on wheels and axles that roll and rotate. A
2015年职称英语《综合类A级》真题及答案 第一部分：词汇选项(第1-15题。每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.This was disaster on a comic scale. A.medest https://www.doczj.com/doc/118724182.html,mercial C.huge D.national 【参考答案】C 2.New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. A.amazing B.depressing C.predictable D.dull 【参考答案】D 3.A person's wealth is ofen in inverse proportion to their happiness. A.equal B.certain https://www.doczj.com/doc/118724182.html,rge D.oppsite 【参考答案】D 4.His professional career spanned 16years. A.started B.changed https://www.doczj.com/doc/118724182.html,sted
D.moved 【参考答案】C 5.The symptoms of the disease manfested themselves ten days later. A.eased B.improved C.relieved D.appeared 【参考答案】D 6.The group does not advocate the use of violence A.limit B.support C.regulate D.oppose 【参考答案】B 7.She tell that she had done her good deed for the day. A.act B.homework C.jusuce D.model 【参考答案】A 8.Some of the larget bieds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. A.motionless B.sitent C.seated D.true
2015职称英语综合类C真题及答案(完整版) 第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词语或短语画有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1 Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. A way B factor C objective D source 2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A message B punishment C guilt D obligation 3 He said some harsh words about his brother. A proper B normal C unclear D unkind 4 I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. A partner B help C drive D guide 5 We need to identify the potential problem. A man B possible C immediate D common 6 When did you first encounter these difficulties? A create B experience C present D resolve 7 Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuable clearly visible. A attract B alarm C catch D spot 8 There is a need for radical changes in education.
第1部分：词汇选项（第1?15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A. control B. observe C. regulate D. accept 2.She showed a natural aptitude for the work. A. sense B. talent C. flavor D. taste 3. Most people find rejection hard to accept. A. excuse B. client C. refusal D. destiny 4. The organization was bold enough to face the press. A. pleased B. powerful C. brave D. sensible 5.They were locked in mortal combat. A. deadly B. open C. actual D. active 6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A. amount B. supply C. tempt D. sum 7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent. A. clear B. necessary C. special D. correct 8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling. A. service B. danger C. disorder D. threat 9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish. A. survive B. last C. die D. move 10.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A. fair B. full C. coexisting D. public 11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture. A. policy B. value C. equality D. integration 12. A salesman?s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers. A. principal B. official C. simple D. legal 13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A. silence B. praise C. assure D. complain 14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear. A. emotional B. nervous C. terrible D. continuous 15.The starving children were a pathetic sight. A. common B. unexpected C. unforgettable D. pitiful 第2部分：阅读判断（第16?22题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 Cities “Worse to Live in Than 20 Years Ago One thousand people were surveyed about a range of issues which affect cities, and the remarkable findings show that life in today?s mega-cities is so stressful that at least two-thirds of those currently living in big cities would like to relocate to the countryside or a small town. The stress of the getting from A to B in big cities is at the top of the list of problems. For many people, the daily commute (通勤）to work is a source of frustration. 40% of the people in the survey have suffered from road rage while stuck in traffic on the way to work. The cost of public
2016年职称英语教材综合类新增文章 第二篇Common Questions about Dreams Does everyone dream? Yes. Research shows that we all dream. We have our most vivid dreams during a type of sleep called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. During REM sleep, the brain is very active. The eyes move quickly back and forth1 under the lids, and the large muscles of the body are relaxed. REM sleep occurs every 90-100 minutes, three to four times a night, and it lasts longer as the night goes on. ___1___ We dream at other times during the night, too, but those dreams are less vivid. Do people remember their dreams? A few people remember their dreams. However, most people forget nearly everything that happened during the night — dreams, thoughts, and the short periods of time when they were awake. ___2___ It seems that the memory of the dream is not totally lost, but for some reason it is very hard to bring it back2. If you want to remember your dream，the best thing to do is to write it down as soon as you wake up. Are dreams in color? Most dreams are in color. However, people may not be aware of it for two reasons ：They don’t usually remember the details of their dreams, or they don’t notice the color because it is such a natural part of our lives. ___3___ Do dreams have meaning? Scientists continue to debate this issue.3 ___4___ Some people use dreams to help them learn more about their feelings, thoughts, behavior, motives, and values. Others find that dreams can help them solve problems. It’s also true that artists, writers, and scientists often ge t creative ideas from dreams. How can I learn to understand my dreams? The most important thing to remember is that your dreams are personal. The people, actions, and situations in your dreams reflect your experience, your thoughts, and your feelings. Some dream experts believe that there are certain types of dreams that many people have，even if they come from different cultures or time periods. Usually, however, the same dream will have different meanings for different people. For example, an elephant in a dream may mean one thing to a zookeeper and something very different to a child whose favorite toy is a stuffed elephant. ___5___ Then look for links between your dreams and what is happening in your daily life. If you think hard and you are patient, perhaps the meaning of your dreams will become clearer to you. 词汇： vivid /'vivid/ adj. 清晰的，生动的，逼真的 lid /lid/ n. 眼睑（=eyelid) motive /m?utiv/ n. 动机 stuffed /st?ft/ adj. 填充的，塞满了的 注释： 1. back and forth：来回地，反复地。