2002年1月
16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people
worldwide.
A. announced
B. forgiven
C. condemned
D. despised
17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been
proved.
A. aspiration
B. inspiration
C. creativity
D. breathing
18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban's military
installations.
A. set about
B. set out
C. set apart
D. set aside
19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.
A. businessman
B. commodity
C. substance
D. talent
20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their
parents.
A. encourage
B. survive
C. arouse
D. fulfill
21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.
A. helpful
B. useless
C. harmless
D. inappropriate
22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick
solutions.
A. unexpected
B. undesirable
C. comforting
D. grave
23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.
A. without any objections
B. in the end
C. in the dark
D. against heavy odds
24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.
A. institutions
B. standard
C. prestige
D. application
25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation
continues.
A. exhausted
B. evaluated
C. deployed
D. popularized
26. Harry Potter was originally _____ for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be
crazy about the book.
A. extended
B. intended
C. inclined
D. directed
27. This experienced author was able to _____ the lifetime's work of Jefferson into one volume.
A. suppress
B. compress
C. express
D. depress
28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can _____ hundreds of different smells.
A. nominate
B. dominate
C. eliminate
D. discriminate
29. The Chinese share the _______ that their life will become better and the country more
prosperous.
A. conviction
B. speculation
C. elaboration
D. perspiration
30. After weeks of ______, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question
of sick benefits.
A. administration
B. arbitration
C. authorization
D. alternation
31. It took this disabled boy a long time to _____ the fact that he was not qualified for admission
to college.
A. come up with
B. come down with
C. come up to
D. come to terms with
32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show______.
A. clockwise
B. otherwise
C. elsewhere
D. likewise
33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _____.
A. involvement
B. rebellion
C. casualties
D. anguish
34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _____.
A. inexplicable
B. irreplaceable
C. indispensable
D. inseparable
35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ______.
A. justice
B. justification
C. adjustment
D. justifiability
It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life's happiness and much of its 36 come from the same source —one's marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .
But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,”40 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband
is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.”Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn't love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 43 .”
Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46 state.“Unlikely to divorce legally,”she says, “these spouses choose to 47 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”
Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved —not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.
36. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth
37. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny
38. A. late B. later C. latter D. last
39. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended
40. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided
41. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational
42. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided
43. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated
44. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray
45. A. in the end C. in the way
B. out of the count D. out of the question
46. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless
47. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with
48. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return
49. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route
50. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition Passage One
Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.
Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men; In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).
The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.
And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of the Dec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location; Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.
Harbor's makers have even taken a Titantic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song. There You'll be,performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's MY Heart Will Go On.
“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action material.” says a critic.
51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?
A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.
B. Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.
C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.
D. Sinking boats and famous actors.
52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspects EXCEPT_____.
A. both spent large amount of money on special effects
B. both have soundtracks starring a major pop star
C. both added made-up stories to historical events
D. both are documentary movies of historical events
53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?
A. Kate Beckinsale.
B. Ben Affleck.
C. Kate Winslet.
D. Faith Hill.
54. What does the phrase “cost a pretty penny” in the first paragraph mean?
A. To be very attractive.
B. To cost a lot.
C. To have big box office returns.
D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.
55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?
A. The Battle of Waterloo.
B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.
C. Space Invaders.
D. The Haunted House.
56. It is said in the passage that ____.
A. major historical events can never repeat themselves
B. both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearance
C. Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than Titanic
D. Titanic is the most successful film in history
Passage Two
A few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was mystified. I’d like to think myself dangerous but I’m a mild-mannered journalist. I don't have a criminal record, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s - thus the “rai d.”I hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people.
But this is Mayor Giuliani s New York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching drivers and offering to clean their windshields. H’s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie that 1 am. I’ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.
So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws. Yeah. I probably should have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket and forgot about it.
When I called to inquire about my case. I was told to “speak with Officer Kosenza.” But I didn’t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s police are in a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it's getting harder and harder for cops to “make the numbers”that show they’re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets that haven’t been paid – anything they could turn into a “crime.”I finally decided to turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffed at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the 1980s. “Times sure have changed.” he said, shaking his head at us statistically useful nuisances.
Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door. I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Giuliani s clean streets come with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.
57. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.
A. an urban young professional
B. a narrow-minded journalist
C. a criminal wanted by the police
D. a traffic offender
58. The author was arrested primarily because _____.
A. he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocket
B. he used his mother's address on the driver's license
C. he had robbed convenience shops before
D. he drank some beer one night on the street
59. The word "nuisances" in the fourth paragraph may mean _____.
A. mild-mannered prisoners
B. trouble makers
C. new arrivals
D. hardened criminals
60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _____.
A. New York policemen are doing a good job cracking down on crimes
B. not everyone agrees with the mayor's management of the city
C. the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizens' convenience
D. everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime
61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The author pleaded guilty and was set free.
B. Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.
C. Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.
D. It's no use complaining to cops when you are caught.
62. The tone of the passage is ______.
A. satirical
B. objective
C. praiseful
D. complaining Passage Three
Ewen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strict rules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.
Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials, superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believe that he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs “humanitarian importance.”
Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT “therapy” twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months, injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.
Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients’rights to be guaranteed. Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not in position to understand what it meant.
The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.
All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can leave an experiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, many psychological experiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.
There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.
No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.
63. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.
A. Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientist
B. Cameron was interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological state
C. Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experiments
D. Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects’ rights
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?
A. Cameron’s appearance might misrepresent his true personality.
B. Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s profession.
C. Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.
D. People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.
65. We can infer from this passage that _____.
A. making compensation for the subjects’ loss was illegal
B. some subjects in Cameron’s experiments died
C. people have been quite indifferent to the subjects’ rights
D. as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological sciences
66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research _____.
A. has to give top priority to psychological advances
B. is bombarded with criticisms from the public
C. is expected to take into account all the reactions to the drafting
D. should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests
67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _____.
A. the rules can do little to protect the patients’ rights
B. people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interests
C. it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rules
D. people’s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly negative
Passage Four
Some accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film —as is the case at hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U. S. — it's hard to talk your way out of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.
The first U. S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams (robot cameras) deter people from speeding and running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, and opponents — ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Union — argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.
Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations — often with minimal police oversight — and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as much as $ 70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has got in $15. 9 million since October 1998, and Washington $12. 8 million since August 1999. “It's all about money,” says Congressman Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington's executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money off that, that is American way.”
Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with cameras and electronically gathered information,” says Barr. “It places too much confidence in technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than they really were. The city suspended the system in July.
Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a picture of the driver s seat as well —a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.
In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.
68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _____.
A. people respond differently when caught in traffic offense
B. motorists can be wrongly accused by police officers
C. speeders cannot defend themselves before red-light cameras
D. computer-driven cameras sometimes do tell lies
69. The court decision last week _____.
A. triggered a dispute over the use of robocams
B. immuned few camera-caught violators from punishment
C. found fewer red-light camera supporters in America
D. deterred some states from implementing camera devices
70. Opponents’ arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _____.
A. they intrude into people’s privacy
B. they give priority to the pursuit of profit
C. they are operated by private firms
D. they are under the supervision of police
71. Police department believes that _____.
A. robocams should not be operated by private firms
B. robocams arc effective in maintaining traffic order
C. speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalities
D. companies operating cameras should riot pursue money only
72. The phrase “chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. trivial
B. moderate
C. enormous
D. indefinite
73. According to the passage. Bob Barr _____.
A. is the majority leader in the House of Representatives
B. is strongly against the American way of making money
C. lacks confidence in modern technology
D. doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information
74. The writer s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as _____.
A. positive
B. negative
C. indifferent
D. uncertain
75. Drivers in European countries _____.
A. get angry at the red-light cameras
B. destroy thousands of the speedcams
C. take the initiative in the use of speedcams
D. take drastic measures with speedcams
Passage Five
Now and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.
Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. To prove their theory — that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer than a superior — they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes about when they got angry and what they did about it.
The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure, and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.
While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody had ever looked at anger this way before.
Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that when one person hurts another, forgiveness “is associated with restored relational closeness following an interpersonal transgression.”Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their actions.
Psychologists, however, aren’t the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.
Some boldl y going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years, researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf — where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott's ill-fated South Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid-March of 1912 — temperatures as low as those recorded in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in the past 15 years.
This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party: it was the cold.
76. According to the author, the scientists who do researches in more familiar territory _____.
A. have confirmed what we have already known
B. have looked at things in new ways
C. have had important discoveries by studying the obvious
D. have done some useless work
77. Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologists at Stony Brook?
A. When people get angry, their blood pressure changes.
B. People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.
C. People tend to let off their grievance at home.
D. They have looked at anger in a unique way.
78. The psychologists in Maryland have proved that when one person hurts another, ______.
A. it is easier for them to make up if they have very close relations
B. it is easier for them to make up if they show their intimacy
C. they should kiss each other to make it up
D. they should find a sound scientific basis to make up
79. According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’s expedition failed because _____.
A. most of the expeditioners couldn't stand hardships
B. Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winter
C. it was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that year
D. Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record of Antarctica
80. It is implied in the passage that _____.
A. people should not bottle up their anger at their family members or friends
B. bold researches would lead to radical conclusions
C. what scientists say is not necessarily important
D. researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiar fields
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few years, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It's inherent in the type of business.”
In many corners of Silicon Valley — and elsewhere — unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business,” a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
4年来，中国两次成功地克服了全球经济衰退（recession）的冲击，实现了经济持续快速增长。目前，中国面临的问题是如何将国内13亿人口变成真正意义上的消费者，从而开辟更广阔的国内市场。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below: TOPIC:
Studying abroad has gained popularity in China. In the past, many students went abroad after their college education. Currently, those going abroad are mostly middle-school students aged 16~19. Do you think it is a good idea for the teenagers to study at broad? Give at least three reasons to support your viewpoint.
2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
16. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.
A. reveal
B. underline
C. improve
D. integrate
17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.
A. justice
B. bias C participation D. regionalism
ale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.
A. considered
B. stipulated C raised D. stimulated
19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.
A. set foot on
B. lose their heart to
C. set their mind on
D. get hold of
20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.
A. approximately
B. exactly
C. less than
D. more than
21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.
A. pulled out
B. pulled in
C. pulled down
D. pulled up
22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. observe
B. memorize
C. comment
D. request
23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the
human brain.
A. likeness
B. relation
C. contradiction
D. difference
24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in
some aspects.
A. practically
B. wonderfully
C. beneficially
D. seemingly
25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called
B. well-known
C. esteemed
D. undoubted
Section B (0. 5 point each)
26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic _.
A. reservoir
B. warehouse
C. pool
D. storehouse
27. The chairman said that he was prepared to the younger people in the decision making.
A. put up with
B. make way for
C. shed light on
D. lake charge of
28. Tom is angry at Linda because she him all the time.
A. sets... up
B. puts…down
C. runs…out
D. drops...in
29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a._ characteristic of intelligence.
A. defining B .declining C. defeating D. deceiving
30. Our picnic having been by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it
cleared up.
A. destroyed
B. undermined
C. spoilt
D. contaminated
31. 1 was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of were pretty ordinary.
A. despised
B. resented C worshipped D. ridiculed
32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s with a group.
A. specification
B. unification C notification D. identification
33. The . from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the
soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.
A. brain damage
B. brain trust
C. brain fever
D. brain drain
34. This matter settled, we decided to to the next item on the agenda.
A. succeed
B. exceed
C. proceed
D. precede
35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often_ you for
being a good conversationalist.
A. complement
B. compliment
C. compel
D. complain
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)
Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements.
Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.
Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 39 360.000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.
Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42 basketball player earned $ 3. 9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 43 their products.
There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They dec-orate the inside of taxis and subways—even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators— and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.
47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency,
the estimated 48 _of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $ 275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected
$434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!
What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way: "Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior. "
36. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually
37. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. commodities
38. A. through B. up C. in D. about
39. A. taken to B. spent in C .expected of D. exposed to
40. A. incidents B .affairs C. events D. programs
41. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages
42. A. top-heavy B. lop-talented C. top-secret D. top-ranking
43. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update
44. A. Audio B. Studio C. Oral D. Video
45. A. since B. while C. even D. if
16. A. toss out B. lay down C. blow out D. break down
47. A. It is said that B. Apart from C. According to D. Including in
48. A. digit B. amount C. account D. budget
49. A. raised B. elevated C. roared D. soared
50. A. said B. recorded C. told D. put
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage On
For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these
immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.
Historian John Keegan writes. ''Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945. killed no one. The 50,000.000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the
transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train. "
Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems.
Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is
approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.
Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.
The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and light weapons- not with money, hut with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.
Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations lo use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.
51. It is implied in the passage that________.
A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control
B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement
C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished
D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago
52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because.._______.
A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism
B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons
C .They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time
D. They face other more important problems such as pollution?
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?
A. Small arms are cheap.
B. Small arms arc powerful.
C. Small arms are easier to use,
D. Small arms are easier to get.
54. We can conclude from the passage that ___.
A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market
B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond
C .criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms
D. where there are drugs, there are small arms
55. The best title for this passage is________,
A. Small Arms Talks. Not Nuclear Arms Talks
B. Neglect of Small Arms Control
C. Global Traffic in Small Arms
D. Small Arms. Big Problems
Passage Two
In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?
Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who
take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to using other methods of medical treatment.
In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. "The Berlin Wall that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling." said Consumer Reports of May 2000.
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed. "Alternative medical therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public, "
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted. "Now an estimated 3 in 5 individuals seeing a medical doctor for a principal condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world. "
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, "There are no longer two types of medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine. "
56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies .
A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years
C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products
D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence "The Berlin Wall... appears to be crumbling" in the third paragraph
implies that ,
A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished
B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs
C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies
58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now
B. have been approved by U. S. government
C. have been used by many American patients
D. are as popular as conventional medicine
59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies
B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies
D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands
60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible
B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced
C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed
Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in "Goldilocks zone" orbits, where it is neither too hot nor too cold to support life.
The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris-one is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun.
"It's certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life." said Jones. The requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
61. It is suggested in this passage that .
A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our
galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting
life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe
62. The "Goldilocks zone" mentioned in the 5th paragraph most probably means
A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life
C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight
D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system
63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found .
A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter
C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems
64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _.
A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear
B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter
C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature
B. enough oxygen and hydrogen
C. enough air and sunlight
D. enough water in any slate
Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $25 billion to be exact. Last week. Gore unveiled his "Keep America Moving" initiative, which will spend $25 billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed "new way of thinking" all that's necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to "give people a choice."
The federal government has been trying to "give people a choice" for decades to little effect. Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a
multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing
little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems .
A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic
C. aim at monitoring the public traffic
D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.
B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.
C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.
D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.
68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.
B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.
D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression "cautionary tale" most probably
means .
A. an incredible story
B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning
D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.
B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic
congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail
system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.
Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.
Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behavior but at bottom these rest up on more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.
The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.
71. Many people think government and business are "enemies" because ,
A. the struggle between the two parties has always existed
B. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries
C. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities
D. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end
72. The third paragraph mainly discusses .
A. how government and business depend on each other
B. why social order is important to business activities
C. why it is necessary for business to rely on government
D. how business can develop and maintain order
73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?
A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.
B. They can be conducted as well as those by business.
C. They are the ones that business cannot do well.
D. They are comparatively modern phenomena.
74. We can conclude from the passage that ,
A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relations
B. it is difficult to study the relations between government and business
C. government should dominate economic activities
D. government and business should not oppose each other
Passage Six
Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done,
but the price can be high.
Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive. So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks. Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries.
The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one thing in common-they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者) with scientific data that those interests wished would go away.
Commercial companies are not. of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a habit of backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.
For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he received a Nobel Prize for his idea.
Western science has always thrived on individualism-one person's ambition to topple a theory. So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their institutions.
With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university research-- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research.. Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.
Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and premature death.
75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that .
A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives
B. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of science
C. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of science
D. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements
76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette .
A. was similar to that of the tobacco company
B. sounded ridiculous to the general pubic
C. was reached purely out of personal interests
D. should he regarded as scientifically true
77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because .
A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company
B. he had been eager to defeat his company
C. his idea was scientifically invalid
D. he had long been an enemy of the company
78. The underlined phrase "plate te ctonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to
A .the study of the structure of the earth
B. scientific study of the climate of the earth
C. the theory that the earth s surface consists of plates in constant motion
D. the theory that the earth's surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body
79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that .
A. governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies
B. scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests
C. scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted
D. scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs
80. The author seems to be suggesting that .
A. the vested interests are sometimes an obstacle to the progress of science
B. governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment
C. a timely response to people's demand is appreciated by the academia
D. the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we do not stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world's people.
The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.
S
也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不够现代，其实这正是我们所需要的，毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去的，那亘古不变的魔力足以超出我们的想像。
TOPIC: The Increase in Graduate Students' Enrollment
Study the following chart carefully, then write a composition to:
(1) describe the changes in the graduate students' enrollment in the past four years;
(2) give possible reasons for the changes.
2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
16. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.
A. reveal
B. underline
C. improve
D. integrate
17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.
A. justice
B. bias C participation D. regionalism
ale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.
A. considered
B. stipulated C raised D. stimulated
19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.
A. set foot on
B. lose their heart to
C. set their mind on
D. get hold of
20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.
A. approximately
B. exactly
C. less than
D. more than
21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.
A. pulled out
B. pulled in
C. pulled down
D. pulled up
22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. observe
B. memorize
C. comment
D. request
23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the
human brain.
A. likeness
B. relation
C. contradiction
D. difference
24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in
some aspects.
A. practically
B. wonderfully
C. beneficially
D. seemingly
25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called
B. well-known
C. esteemed
D. undoubted
Section B (0. 5 point each)
26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic _.
A. reservoir
B. warehouse
C. pool
D. storehouse
27. The chairman said that he was prepared to the younger people in the decision making.
A. put up with
B. make way for
C. shed light on
D. lake charge of
28. Tom is angry at Linda because she him all the time.
A. sets... up
B. puts…down
C. runs…out
D. drops...in
29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a._ characteristic of intelligence.
A. defining B .declining C. defeating D. deceiving
30. Our picnic having been by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it
cleared up.
A. destroyed
B. undermined
C. spoilt
D. contaminated
31. 1 was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of were pretty ordinary.
A. despised
B. resented C worshipped D. ridiculed
32. One of the main purposes of us ing slang is to consolidate one’s with a group.
A. specification
B. unification C notification D. identification
33. The . from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the
soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.
A. brain damage
B. brain trust
C. brain fever
D. brain drain
34. This matter settled, we decided to to the next item on the agenda.
A. succeed
B. exceed
C. proceed
D. precede
35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often_ you for
being a good conversationalist.
A. complement
B. compliment
C. compel
D. complain
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)
Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements.
Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.
Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 39 360.000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.
Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42 basketball player earned $ 3. 9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 43 their products.
There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They dec-orate the inside of taxis and subways—even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators— and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.
47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency,
the estimated 48 _of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $ 275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected
$434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!
What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way: "Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior. "
36. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually
37. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. commodities
38. A. through B. up C. in D. about
39. A. taken to B. spent in C .expected of D. exposed to
40. A. incidents B .affairs C. events D. programs
41. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages
42. A. top-heavy B. lop-talented C. top-secret D. top-ranking
43. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update
44. A. Audio B. Studio C. Oral D. Video
45. A. since B. while C. even D. if
16. A. toss out B. lay down C. blow out D. break down
47. A. It is said that B. Apart from C. According to D. Including in
48. A. digit B. amount C. account D. budget
49. A. raised B. elevated C. roared D. soared
50. A. said B. recorded C. told D. put
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage On
For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these
immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.
Historian John Keegan writes. ''Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945. killed no one. The 50,000.000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the
transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train. "
Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems.
Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is
approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.
Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.
The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and light weapons- not with money, hut with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.
Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations lo use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.
51. It is implied in the passage that________.
A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control
B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement
C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished
D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago
52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because.._______.
A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism
B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons
C .They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time
D. They face other more important problems such as pollution?
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?
A. Small arms are cheap.
B. Small arms arc powerful.
C. Small arms are easier to use,
D. Small arms are easier to get.
54. We can conclude from the passage that ___.
A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market
B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond
C .criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms
D. where there are drugs, there are small arms
55. The best title for this passage is________,
A. Small Arms Talks. Not Nuclear Arms Talks
B. Neglect of Small Arms Control
C. Global Traffic in Small Arms
D. Small Arms. Big Problems
Passage Two
In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?
Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who
take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to using other methods of medical treatment.
In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. "The Berlin Wall that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling." said Consumer Reports of May 2000.
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed. "Alternative medical therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public, "
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted. "Now an estimated 3 in 5 individuals seeing a medical doctor for a principal condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world. "
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, "There are no longer two types of medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine. "
56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies .
A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years
C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products
D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence "The Berlin Wall... appears to be crumbling" in the third paragraph
implies that ,
A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished
B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs
C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies
58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now
B. have been approved by U. S. government
C. have been used by many American patients
D. are as popular as conventional medicine
59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies
B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies
D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands
60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible
B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced
C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed
Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in "Goldilocks zone" orbits, where it is neither too hot nor too cold to support life.
The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae
Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris-one is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun.
"It's certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life." said Jones. The requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
61. It is suggested in this passage that .
A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our
galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting
life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe
62. The "Goldilocks zone" mentioned in the 5th paragraph most probably means
A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life
C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight
D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system
63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found .
A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter
C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems
64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _.
A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear
B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter
C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature
B. enough oxygen and hydrogen
C. enough air and sunlight
D. enough water in any slate
Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $25 billion to be exact. Last week. Gore unveiled his "Keep America Moving" initiative, which will spend $25 billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed "new way of thinking" all that's necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to "give people a choice."
The federal government has been trying to "give people a choice" for decades to little effect. Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a
multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems .
A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic
C. aim at monitoring the public traffic
D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.
B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.
C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.
D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.
68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.
B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.
D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression "cautionary tale" most probably
means .
A. an incredible story
B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning
D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.
B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic
congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail
system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.
Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.
Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behavior but at bottom these rest up on more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.
The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedly inferior to comparable work organized by business. If society's sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.
71. Many people think government and business are "enemies" because ,
A. the struggle between the two parties has always existed
B. they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries
C. they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities
D. the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end
72. The third paragraph mainly discusses .
A. how government and business depend on each other
B. why social order is important to business activities
C. why it is necessary for business to rely on government
D. how business can develop and maintain order
73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?
A. They mostly aim at helping people to survive.
B. They can be conducted as well as those by business.
C. They are the ones that business cannot do well.
D. They are comparatively modern phenomena.
74. We can conclude from the passage that ,
A. it is difficult for government and business to have good relations
B. it is difficult to study the relations between government and business
C. government should dominate economic activities
D. government and business should not oppose each other
Passage Six
Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it's got to be done,
but the price can be high.
Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive. So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks. Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries.
The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one thing in common-they fought powerful vested interests (既得利益者) with scientific data that those interests wished would go away.
Commercial companies are not. of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a habit of backing the ideas of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.
For example, Alfred Wegener's idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. This idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE (疯牛病) were caused by a protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally, in 1997, he received a Nobel Prize for his idea.
Western science has always thrived on individualism-one person's ambition to topple a theory. So independence of thought is crucial. But this applies not only for scientists, but also their institutions.
With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university research-- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research.. Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more difficult.
Yet we cannot afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and premature death.
75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that .
A. individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives
B. personality plays a crucial role in the advances of science
C. originality of thinking is the key to the advances of science
D. the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements
76. Jeffrey Wigand's idea about the nature of cigarette .
A. was similar to that of the tobacco company
B. sounded ridiculous to the general pubic
C. was reached purely out of personal interests
D. should he regarded as scientifically true
77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because .
A. his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company
B. he had been eager to defeat his company
C. his idea was scientifically invalid
D. he had long been an enemy of the company
78. The underlined phrase "plate te ctonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to
A .the study of the structure of the earth
B. scientific study of the climate of the earth
C. the theory that the earth s surface consists of plates in constant motion
D. the theory that the earth's surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body
79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that .
A. governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies
B. scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests
C. scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted
D. scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 29 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue．Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Robert: How annoying. I can’t figure out a solution to this problem. Can you help me? Anderson: __________. A. How stupid you are. The problem is too easy to disturb me. B. Well, I’m afraid I can’t at the moment. C. You shouldn’t feel annoyed. After all,it’s your own problem. D. OK. Though it’s beyond me, let me try. 2. Speaker A: Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the nearest post office? Speaker B: ________ A. OK. I’d like to go with you. B. Of course. Go down this street and turn le ft. C. Sorry. I’m busy now. Go away. D . No problem. It’s my pleasure to direct you. 3. Customer: I need some aspirin, please, and I'd also like to get this prescription filled．
非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程 考试大纲 (试行稿) 《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》(Non English Major Graduate Stu dent English Qualifying Test，简称GET)是根据《非英语专业研究生英语(第一外语)教学大纲(试行稿)》制定的。本大纲规定了硕士生英语学位课程通过考试的内容、形式、时间和计分。考试目的在于考核已修完研究生英语课程的学生是否达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求，以及实际掌握和运用英语的能力。 一、基础英语部分 本考试共有六个部分：听力理解(占15%)、词汇(占10%)、完形填空(占15%)、阅读理解(30%)、翻译(占20%)、写作(占10%)。分两份试卷：试卷一(Paperl)包括前四个部分，共80题；试卷二(Paper2)包括翻译和写作，共3题。全部题目按顺序统一编号。 第一部分听力理解(Part I Listening Comprehension)；听力理解部分主要测试考生掌握听力材料中心思想和主要内容的能力，判断对话情景、场合、人物关系、身份和说话人的意图及话语含义的能力。共15题，考试时间为15分钟左右。主要测试考生能否一遍听懂语速为每分钟120个词的对话和短文。本部分共有二节： A节(Section A)：共9题，每题为一段对话。问句后有15秒间隙，要求考生从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 B节(Section B)：共6题，题目或为问句或为未完成的句子，分别安排在2—3篇听力材料之后。要求考生在15秒的间隙中从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 第二部分词汇(Part I Vocabulary)：词汇部分主要测试考生运用词汇和短语的能力。测试教学大纲的词汇表、词组表及词根词缀表所覆盖的内容。着重测试研究生阶段所学的词和基础词的多种词性及词义搭配、易混词的区别及难词的认知。词汇与词组的比例为7∶3。共20题，分A、B两节，考试为10分钟。 A节(Section A)：共10题。每题为一英文句，句中有一词或固定词组下面划有横线，要求从所给的四个选择项中选出该划线词或词组的最佳同义词或最佳释义。 B节(Section B)：共10题。每题为一英文句，句子中有一个空白，要求从所给的四个选择项中选出最恰当的词或词组使该句成为逻辑合理、表达正确的英文句。 第三部分完形填空(Part III Cloze Test)：主要测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力。测试内容可以是句型、结构，也可以是词汇、词组和习惯用语。共15题。考试时间为10分钟。测试的形式是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200—250词)
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A (1 point each) 1. A. Composition is her favorite course. B. She prefers other courses to composition. C. She enjoys most of the courses. D. She doesn't like any course. 2. A. She hasn't read the passage. B. She doesn't understand it either. C. She cannot read it in darkness. D. She suggests that the man read it. 3. A. To guard her money. B. Not to go shopping downtown C. To look for a new wallet. D. Not to take the train. 4. A. The working hours were too long. B. The job was not well-paid. C. He didn't like working in a company D. The job was quite difficult. 5. A. Steven is satisfied with his experiment. B. Steven couldn't enjoy the parties any more C. Steven is a pleasure-seeker, D. Steven is worried about his experiments. 6. A. To go to a concert with the man. B. To give the mall a lift to the countryside C. To enjoy the sunshine. D. To have a short trip for pleasure. 7. A. Fred keeps annoying other people. B. Fred looks very funny. C. Fred always makes other people laugh. D. Fred is a man of his word. 8. A. To obey the established rules. B. To buy a new book for guidance. C. To try a new but safer experiment. D. To learn the methods from practice. 9. A. Bob doesn't swim. B. Bob cannot be relied on. C. Bob cannot persist in doing anything. D. Bob won't be free. Section B (1 point each) Mini-talk one 10. A. To find effects on the teaching of reading. B. To raise test scores in reading comprehension.
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题 Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each) 16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide. A announced B forgiven C condemned D despised 17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been proved. A aspiration B inspiration C creativity D breathing 18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban’s military installations. A set about B set out C set apart D set aside 19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy. A businessman B commodity C substance D talent. 20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their parents. A encourage B survive C arouse D fulfill 21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region. A helpful B useless C harmless D inappropriate 22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick solutions. A unexpected B undesirable C comforting D grave 23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators. A without any objections B in the end C in the dark D against heavy odds. 24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field. A institutions B standard C prestige D application. 25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues. A exhausted B evaluated C deployed D popularized. Section B (0.5 point, each) 26. Harry Potter was originally _____for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be crazy about the book. A extended B intended C inclined D directed 27. This experienced author was able to ____the lifetime’s work of Jefferson into one volume. A suppress B compress C express D depress 28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can ____ hundreds of different smells. A nominate B dominate C eliminate D discriminate 29. The Chinese share the ____that their life will become better and the country more prosperous. A conviction B speculation C elaboration D perspiration 30. After weeks of _____, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question of sick benefits. A administration B arbitration C authorization D alternation 31. It took this disabled boy a long time to ___ the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college. A come up with B come down with C come up to D come to terms with 32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show ____. A clockwise B otherwise C elsewhere D likewise 33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian ____ A involvement B rebellion C casualties D anguish 34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _______
2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题 PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each) Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. 1. A. Beauty has advantages and disadvantages. B. Beauty has different meanings to different people. C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities. D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities. 2. A. She is using the book now. B. She may give him a hand. C. She cannot lend him the book. D. She will keep the book for him. 3. A. Rachel lives fairly close to her. B. Rachel visits her quite often. C. Rachel comes here once a month. D. Rachel rarely gets to see her. 4. A. She forgot about the time change. B. She didn’t receive the text message. C. Her roommate forgot to give her the message. D. Her roommate was too nervous to tell her. 5. A. He should have got better grades. B. The test was based on lecture material. C. She misplaced her textbook. D. Small luck plays a big role. 6. A. On the 16th of June. B. On the 18th of June. C. On the 9th of June. D. On the 8th of June. 7. A. Go to sleep. B. Watch the movie later.
授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录（中英文对照） (资料来源:国务院学位委员会办公室、教育部研究生工作办公室编.授予博士硕士学位和培养研究生的 学科专业简介.北京:高等教育出版社，1999年.) 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 01 哲学 Philosophy 0101 哲学 Philosophy 010101 马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism 010102 中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy 010103 外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies 010104 逻辑学 Logic 010105 伦理学 Ethics 010106 美学 Aesthetics 010107 宗教学 Science of Religion 010108 科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology 02 经济学 Economics 0201 理论经济学 Theoretical Economics 020101 政治经济学 Political Economy 020102 经济思想史 History of Economic Thought 020103 经济史 History of Economic 020104 西方经济学 Western Economics 020105 世界经济 World Economics 020106 人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 0202 应用经济学 Applied Economics 020201 国民经济学 National Economics 020202 区域经济学 Regional Economics 020203 财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation) 020204 金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)
PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out. 世界变平产生一些意外的后果，其一就是不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间连接的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化凭借全球亲密接触突然带来的合作机遇兴旺发达(蓬勃发展)。另一些文化却由于这种亲密接触而感到灰心丧气，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一是使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这一切有助于说明为什么现在会出现一种最具有杀伤力的力量——自杀性爆炸者和其他恐怖组织。这些组织不顾人们的死活，消灭它们最符合我们的利益。 Section B (15 minutes, 10 points) 该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。 This act is intended (aims) to introduce education reform in America's elementary and secondary schools and give all children the access to high-quality education. The ultimate goal is to ensure that no one is left behind. As a result of the implementation of this act, schools enjoy more flexibility to use resources where they are needed most. Parents can get more involved in the child's education. PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation． 在本书中，我们提出一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来合理并值得认真考虑。但有经验的作者都知道，有时最好的建议也可能不适用。写书要针对不同的读者，具有不同的目的，有关不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有这一切提出种种要求，本书是无法预见到的。我们也意识到对某一作品是合适的内容而对另一作品来说可能不合适。在多数情况下，你只好不惜代价把含义表达清楚(避免含义不清)，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。 Section B(15 minutes，10 points) 中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。 The limited natural resources on which China's sustainable development depends are declining sharply, on the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to (results in) increased consumption of energy / the scale of production keeps expanding, consuming more energy. On the other hand, production facilities (equipment) that can utilize energy efficiently are lacking. That (This) forces us to think about how to leave enough environmental space to future generations (our offspring) so that they can fulfill their aspirations. Section B. 电信的高速发展使手机成为中学生的宠儿。尽管手机有很多功能，但会对青少年学习成绩产生一些负面影响，如考试作弊、课堂不注意听讲。此外，经常使用手机减少了面对面交流，而长期接触手机辐射还会造成记忆力下降或增加患脑瘤的概率。 The fast development of telecommunications has made the cell (mobile) phone popular among (a favorite of) high schoolers (high school students). Despite its multiple (many) functions, the cell
2002年1月 Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few y ears, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It’s inherent in the type of business.” In many corners of Silicon Valley----and elsewhere ----unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business”, a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations. 对于一个公司产品的准确预测取决于该公司产品的知名度。对于许多硅谷人来说，这一点令人感到无可奈何。成长呈急剧上升趋势的新兴产业对其产品在最初几年的出色表现几乎总是惊讶不已，随后，当产品需求下降时他们又会感到手足无措。斯坦福大学的一位商业策略教授说：“在一个充满活力和变数的市场，人们是会犯错误的。这是由市场的内在本质所决定的。” 在硅谷的许多地方，以及在其他的地方，不可预测性是无法避免的。解决之道是：不断创新，但同时又要开发出优良的服务项目与产品一道出售。一位公司总裁说，“出色的服务”会抹平新产品换代过程中出现的不足。 2002年6月 The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people. The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish. 在上海的与会各国都意识到了目前的危机。如果现在不制止恐怖主义，每个文明国家在将来的某个时候都会成为恐怖主义者的袭击目标。我们将通过摧毁任何地方的恐怖主义网络来打败他们。同时，我们也将
2016年学位课统考真题(A卷) Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each) 1. A Beauty has advantages and disadvantages. B. Beauty has different meanings to different people. C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities. D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities. 2. A. She is using the book now. B. She may give him a hand. C. She can’t lend him the book. D. She will keep the book for him. 3. A Rachel lives fairly close to her. B Rachel visits her quite often. C Rachel comes here once a month. D Rachel rarely gets to see her. 4. A She forgot about the time change. B She didn’t receive the text message
C Her roommate forgot to give her the message. D Her roommate was too nervous to tell her. 5. A He should have got better grades. B The test was based on lecture material. C She misplaced her textbook. D Small luck plays a big role. 6. A On the 16th of June. B. On the 18th of June. C On the 9th of June. D On the 8th of June. 7. A. Go to sleep. B. Watch the movie later. C Change the channel. D Set the alarm clock. 8. A Wear a formal suit. B Wear casual clothes. C Dress up for the party. D Dress in a costume. 9. A. She likes to drink coffee. B She rarely wakes up early. C She needs tea to feel alert.
2009年1月研究生英语学位课程考试真题及答案B卷 Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes,20 points) . Section A (1 point each) 1. A. 5 minutes. B. 15 minutes. C. 20 minutes. D. 25 minutes. 2. A. $200. B. $400. C. $300. D. $500. 3. A. Because he has been hiding lately. B. Because he has been busy preparing his trip, C. Because he has been back home. D. Because he has to work hard for traveling expense. 4. A. On a three-week trip. B. To their neighbors C. On the way back home. D. To work. 5. A. She gladly accepted it. B. She declined it politely. C. She firmly turned it down. D. She didn't know what to do. 6. A. The girl's father had an accident yesterday. B. The girl's father was still in serious condition. C. The girl's father has been told about his daughter's real condition. D. The girl's father doesn't know anything about his daughter's real condition 7. A. 144 pounds. B. 164 pounds. C. 140 pounds. D. 154 pounds. 8. A. A new flat. B. A trip to the island. C. A disease. D. A recent fire. 9. A. Because of the bad weather, B. Because the food has spoiled. C. Because some people are sick. D. Because they had to prepare for an exam. Section B (1 point each) Mini-talk One 10. A. Science and Technology B. Arts and Social Sciences C. Architecture D. Humanities 11. A. Psychology, sociology, history, and economics B. Psychology, sociology, history and linguistics C. Biology, sociology, history and linguistics
近年汉译英试题 2004年1月 考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其它学科，希望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信成功地秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提高英语水平做出的努力很难得到回报。 参考译文： Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (/far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses (/classes) and learn many sample writings by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their efforts to improving their English can’t pay off easily. 2004年6月 计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速度和准确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒钟内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事。这是人类第一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。 参考译文： The computer is believed (/regarded /considered) to be the invention that has exerted the greatest influence on human lives in history. What is remarkable about it is that it can calculate with better speed and accuracy than man. The computer can finish in seconds what might have taken days decades ago. This is the first time that man has felt that his position (/status) as the highest species has been challenged. 2005年1月 人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20前的10倍。 参考译文：