研究生学位英语考试18

2009级硕士研究生学位英语测试试题（精读部分）I. Vocabulary (10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each one is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1. Believe it or not, this popular novel now you see on every shelf was censored only a few years ago.A. officially examined and bannedB. despised by the general publicC. sold out soon after its publicationD. condemned by the critics2. The music of the radio distracted me from my reading.A. engrossedB. confusedC. refrainD. diverted3. High rate of unemployment and violence are deplored by many people.A. condemnedB. convincedC. declaredD. perpetuated4. I have nothing but disdain for such a person.A. respectB. hatredC. dislikeD. contempt5. They feared the plague and regarded it as a deadly scourge.A. punishmentB. illnessC. troubleD. ailment6. The retiring professor was exalted by his colleague.A. criticizedB. honoredC. driven outD. examined7. They found substantial evidence that exposure to nerve gas was responsible for the veterans’symptoms.A. contactB. betrayalC. exhibitionD. publication8. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is beingdestroyed.A. mateB. prayC. territoryD. enemy9. The vast crowd burst into spontaneous cheering at ht skillful play.A. earnestB. volcanicC. heartyD. automatic10. The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others consultadoption facilitators in the United States.A. confidentB. justifiedC. sensibleD. potentialSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each one is a sentence with something missing. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.11. It is a long time since we’ve been _____________; I hope everything goes as well as lasttime.A. united upB. brought upC. teamed upD. picked up12. In many countries now, smoking is not _____________ in public places.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious13. These demands ______________ the agreements we have reached.A. run away fromB. go against toC. go counter toD. act counter from14. He made a _____________ speech that caused a great deal of argument.A. successfulB. touchingC. provocativeD. hostile15. He seems purposefully to _____________ the importance of the deal.A. look downB. ignoreC. overlookD. play down16. I can’t understand the ______________ of anyone who would do a terrible thing like that.A. mentalityB. powerC. intelligenceD. function17. Because of ________________ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting alongwith each other.A. incomprehensibleB. incomparableC. inconceivableD. incompatible18. New York probably has the largest number of different language _____________ in theworld.A. neighborhoodsB. communitiesC. clustersD. assemblies19. As ____________ China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.A. in the light ofB. in the event ofC. in the case ofD. in the course of20. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ____________ better thinkers thanheavy drinkers or those who never drink.A. end upB. take upC. put upD. turn upII. Reading Comprehension (10 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there are two short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneWhere anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to the near death’s door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue that living longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs a question: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. In the 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for every increased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. What we would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medical science couldn’t prevent.But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1900s with the publication of a study by researchers at Duke University, who had been following the health of 20,000 people for almosta decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not only dropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.Arlan Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevity research, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and other genetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give people several extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and it will live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to be physiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases. “From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the range of 15-30% maximum,”says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch in an animal’s behavior from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing are temporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal’s behavior switches back.Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a “little bit silly” at the moment but doesn’t dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related to ageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating your greens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep it going for longer with high quality maintenance. “It’ll be the difference between a Rolls-Royce and a cheap car.”21. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____A. it is possible to live a longer and healthy life.B. humans can live as long as scientists predict.C. living longer is still considered a good idea.D. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for human.22. In the 1980s, the data on people’s health expectancy____A. gave an optimistic prediction.B. showed an unclear future.C. led to a pessimistic perceptionD. turned out to be a mixed blessing.23. In the lab experiment on rats, __________A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have worked.B. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animal.C. the animals’ lifespan increases with the amount of food eatenD. different amounts of food cause a change in the animals’ behaviour24. Richardson believes that _____A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageing.B. it is worthwhile to talk about stopping ageing.C. stopping ageing is a dream that may come true.D. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing.25. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that ____A. quality life is out of reach for most people.B. quality life can slow down the process of ageing.C. how long one can live depends on the genes one carried.D. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.Passage TwoWeary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was 10 start today in The Hague, Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.In the Netherlands —half of which lies below sea level —the Ministry of Water Management has designated several low-lying regions as "calamity flood plains" that would be used in emergencies to divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans Scholten said.Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier. Undersecretary for Water Management Monique de Vries said: "Hans Brinker will have to take his finger out of the dike and pull on his galoshes."Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages, repeatedflooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a rethinking about the old methods."Sometimes it doesn't make sense to ignore the processes of nature," said Bert Blase, spokesman for an association of regional water boards. "Hooding certain nature reserve areas every few years would be good for the environment."Pan of the plan involves widening river beds to allow larger volumes of water to How to the sea. Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the project — some inhabitants would have to be relocated — large areas of the eastern Dutch province of Gclderland have been labeled as suitable.While flooding is a serious threat to die Dutch, global warming could expose many more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.More than 3.500 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow-up to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.With one-sixth of the world's population lacking clean drinking water, forum organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than doubled from about $70 billion or $80 billion to $180 billion.In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will meet to discuss sustainable water for the world's growing population and farmers who grow crops for mass consumption.26. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?A. To build more powerful damsB. To let the sea water in the insideC. To ignore the process of natureD. To flood certain nature reserves27. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero________.A. in Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areasB. who look his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrierC. who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drownedD. a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in28. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the nation from possible sea floods?A. To designate some low-lying regions as "calamity flood plains".B. To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.C. To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.D. To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.29. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water ForumEXCEPT________.A. how to divert floodwaters from the populated areas of HollandB. how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the growingpopulationC. how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops timelyD. how to take measures to slow down the ever-accelerating global warming-up tendency30. The best way to paraphrase the sentence "Sometimes it doesn't make sense to ignore theprocess of nature" is_________.A. Sometimes it's no use ignoring the process of natureB. In some cases man can and must neglect the law of natureC. It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of natureD. Man must always follow the way of how things are going onIII. Translation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into Chinese.Perhaps it’s not quite right to call the iPhone revolutionary. It won’t create a new market or change the entertainment industry the way the iPod did. When you get right down to it, thedevice doesn’t even have that many new features –it’s not like Jobs invented voice mail, or text messaging, or conference calling or mobile Web browsing. He just noticed that they were broken, and he fixed them.Section B (10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English.没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的。

广东学位英语题型广东学位英语考试是广东省教育厅主管的一项重要考试，主要针对广东省内的大学生和研究生。

广东学位英语考试包括听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分，旨在测试考生的英语听说读写能力。

在听力部分，考生需要听取录音材料，然后回答相关问题。

这部分考察考生的听力理解能力和对英语语音的识别能力。

常见的听力题型包括听取对话选择正确答案、听取短文填空、听取新闻报道判断正误等。

阅读部分考察考生的阅读理解能力，包括对文章内容、细节和推理的理解。

考生需要读取给定的文章，然后回答相关问题。

常见的阅读题型包括选择正确答案、填写表格或图表、匹配段落等。

写作部分考察考生的写作能力，要求考生根据给定的题目或图表写一篇短文。

写作题目通常与社会热点、教育、科技等话题相关，考察考生的观点表达、逻辑思维和语言运用能力。

口语部分是广东学位英语考试的重点部分，考察考生的口语表达能力和应对能力。

考生需要回答面试官的问题，或进行情景对话和演讲。

口语考试要求考生用流利、准确的英语表达自己的意见和观点。

为了提高考生的学位英语水平，广东省教育厅提供了丰富的学习资源，包括学习手册、模拟试题和在线辅导。

考生可以通过参加培训课程和刷题来提高自己的考试成绩。

广东学位英语考试对于广东省内的大学生和研究生来说具有重要的意义。

通过取得优异的学位英语成绩，考生能够提高自己的英语水平，为将来的学习和就业打下坚实的基础。

同时，学位英语成绩也是大学生申请海外留学或参加国际交流项目的重要参考依据。

总之，广东学位英语考试是广东省内大学生和研究生必须面对的一项重要考试。

通过努力学习和准备，考生有望取得优异的成绩，提高自己的英语水平，为未来的发展打下坚实的基础。

2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points ) Section A (0.5 point each)16. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.A revealB underlineC improveD integrate17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.A justiceB biasC participationD regionalism18. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.A consideredB stipulatedC raisedD stimulated19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.A set foot onB lost their heart toC set their mind onD get hold of20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.A approximatelyB exactlyC less thanD more than21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.A pulled outB pulled inC pulled downD pulled up22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.A observeB memorizeC commentD request23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the human brain.A likenessB relationC contradictionD difference24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in some aspects.A practicallyB wonderfullyC beneficiallyD seemingly25. The alleged all-power master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.A so-calledB well-knownC esteemedD undoubted26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig’s genetic ____A reservoirB warehouseC poolD storehouse27. The chairman said that he was prepared to ____the younger people in the decision making.A put up withB make way forC shed light onD take charge of28. Tom is angry at Linda because she ____ him ____ all the time.A sets..upB puts…downC runs…outD drops…in29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a _____characteristic of intelligence.A definingB decliningC defeatingD deceiving30. Our picnic having been ____ by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it cleared up.A destroyedB underminedC spoiltD contaminated31. I was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of ____ were pretty ordinary.A despisedB resentedC worshippedD ridiculed.32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s ____ with a group.A specificationB unificationC notificationD identification33. The ____ from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.A brain damageB brain trustC brain feverD brain drain34. This matter settled, we decided to ___ to the next item on the agenda.A succeedB exceedC proceedD precede35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often ___you for being a good conversationalist.A complementB complimentC compelD complainPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements. Some radio stationsdevote 40 minutes of every hour to 37 .Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 39 360,000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airport, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high-speed 41 . some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42 basketball player earned $ 3.9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 43 their products. There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses and trucks. They decorate the inside of taxis and subways ----even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators -----and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail. 47 Insider’s Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency, the estimated 48 of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $ 275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $ 411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected $ 434.4 billion for 1998. Big money.What is the effect of all of this ? One analyst 50 it this way: “Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals , concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behaviour.36. A lonely B alone C singly D individually37. A commerce B consumers C commercials D commodities38. A through B up C in D about39. A taken to B spent in C expected of D exposed to40. A incidents B affairs C events D programs41. A flashes B billboards C attractions D messages .42. A top-heavy B top-talented C top-secret D top-ranking43. A improve B promote C urge D update44. A Audio B Studio C Oral D Video45. A since B while C even D if46. A toss out B lay down C blow out D break down47. A It is said that B Apart from C According to D Including in48. A digit B amount C account D budget49. A raised B elevated C roared D soared50. A said B recorded C told D putPassage One For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.Historian John Keegan writes, “Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945, killed no one. The 50,000,000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunitions, costing little more than the transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train.”Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor----too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain.For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a singlemodern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions o f dollars’ worth of small arms and light weapons, not with money, but with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations to use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.51. It is implied in the passage that __________A small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control.B the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement.C the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished.D nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago.52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because ____A They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism.B They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons.C They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time.D They face other more important problems such as pollution.53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?A Small arms are cheap.B Small arms are powerful .C Small arms are easier to use.D Small arms are easier to get54. We can conclude from the passage that ____A small arms are not expensive in the black-market.B it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond.C Criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms.D where there are drugs, there are small arms.55. The best title for this passage is ____A Small Arms Talks, Not Nuclear Arms Talks.B Neglect of Small Arms ControlC Global Traffic in Small ArmsD Small Arms, Big Problems.Passage Two In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What had been a consequence?Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to using other methods of medical treatment.In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. “The Berlin Wall that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling,” said Consumer Reports of May 2000.The Journal of the American Medical Association(JAMA) observed, “Alternative medical therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national at tention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public.”In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard, Stanford, University of Arizona, and Yale.JAMA noted, “ Now an estimated 3 in 5 individual seeing a medical doctor for a principal condition also used an alternative therapy.And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world.”The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, “There are no longer t wo types of medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine.”56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies ____A pay doctors for prescribing their drugs.B have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years.C spend more money on their advertisements than on their products.D have produced some ineffective drugs.57. The sentence “The Berlin Wall …. Appears to be crumbling” in the third paragraph implies that _____A the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished.B there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs.C conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable.D conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies.58. According to the passage, alternative therapies _____A are widely taught in the U.S. medical schools now.B have been approved by U. S. government.C have been used by many American patients.D are as popular as conventional medicine.59. JAMA seems to suggest that ____________A U. S. government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies.B a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients.C pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies.D conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands.60. It is implied in the passage that ._____________A we should take as little western medicine as possible.B the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced.C herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans.D without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not be guaranteed.Passage Three Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.Solar systems such as Earth’s, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in “Goldilocks zone” orbits, where it is neither too hot too cold to support life.The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperature orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely to survive.The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris----One is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun. “It’s certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life,” said Jones. The requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state.NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planets.61. It is suggested in this passage that _______________A scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our galaxy.B Theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting life.C our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life.D with more powerful telescope, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe62. The “Godilocks zone” mentioned in the 5th paragraph most probably means _________A a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun.B a range in the universe in which th e planets’ temperature is suitable for life.C a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight.D a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system.63. Barrie Jones and Nick Sleep have found ____________A 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun.B many planets’ atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter.C the ways to tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets.D a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems.64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _______A in the group of stars known as Great Bear.B 2.5 times as big as Jupiter.C smaller than our system.D impossible for us to reach at present time.65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that it must have _____A enough water and proper temperature.B enough oxygen and hydrogen.C enough air and sunlight.D enough water in any state.Passage Four Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices, Vie President Al Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars: Spend billions on mass transit ----$ 25 billion to be exact. Last week, Gore unveiled his “Keep America Moving” initiative, which will spend $25 billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore’s self-proclaimed “new way of thinking”, all that’s necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to “give people a choice.”The federal government has been tryin g to “give people a choice” for decades to little effect. Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don’t do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the tax-payers paid for the planned transit systems.Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland’s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland’s Metro has been a multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro’s own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus. Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $ 62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of t he cost, but they wouldn’t attract the same volume of federal funds.66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems____A are characterized by low consumption of gasoline.B have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic.C aim at monitoring the public traffic.D are financially profitable.67. What does the author say about the federal government?A It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.B It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.C Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.D It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.68. What is said about Americans’ attitude toward the transit systems?A They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.B They think driving their own cars is more convenient.C They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.D They think there should be more choices in transportation.69 In the third paragraph, the underlined expression “cautionary tale” most probably means ____A an incredible storyB an untrue storyC a story giving a warningD a story teaching a moral lesson70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to ?A In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.B The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic congestion.C The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail system.D The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.Passage Five In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business cannot exist without social order. Business can and does generate its own order, its own regularities of procedure and behaviour; but at bottom these rest upon more fundamental patterns of order which can be maintained and evolved by the political state.The dependence of government on business is less absolute. Governments can absorb direct responsibility for organizing economic functions. In many cases, ancient and modern, government-run economic activities seem to have operated at a level of efficiency not markedlyinferior to comparable work organized by business. If society’s sole purpose is to achieve a bare survival for its members, there can be no substantial objection to governmental absorption of economic arrangements.71. Many people think go vernment and business are “enemies” because ____A the struggle between the two parties has always existed.B they based their belief on the experience of the industrial countries.C they believe that government can do better than business in economic activities.D the struggle between the two parties is so fierce that neither will survive in the end.72. The third paragraph mainly discusses___________A how government and business depend on each other.B why social order is important to business activities.C Why it is necessary for business to rely on government.D how business can develop and maintain order.73. What does the passage say about economic activities organized by government?A They mostly aim at helping people to survive.B They can be conducted as well as those by business.C They are the ones that business can’t do well.D They are comparatively modern phenomena.74. We can conclude from the passage that ____A it is difficult for government and business to have good relations.B it is difficult to study the relations between government and business.C government should dominate economic activities.D government and business should not oppose each other .Passage Six Standing up for what you believe in can be tough. Sometimes it’s got to be done, but the price can be high.Biochemist Jeffrey Wigand found this out the hard way when he took on his former employer, tobacco giant Brown & Williamson, over its claim that cigarettes were not addictive.So too did climate modeler Ben Santer when he put his name to a UN report which argued that it is people who are warming the planet. Both men found themselves under sustained attacks, Wigand from Brown & Williamson, Santer from the combined might of the oil and car industries.The two men got into their dreadful predicaments by totally different routes. But they had one thing in common---they fought powerful vested interests （既得利益者）with scientific data that those interests wished would go away.Commercial companies are not, of course, the only vested interests in town. Governments have a habit of backing the idea of whoever pays the most tax. Academia also has its version: scientific theories often come with fragile egos and reputations still attached, and supporters of those theories can be overly resistant to new ideas.For example, Alfred Wegener’s idea that the continents drift across the surface of the planet was laughed at when he proposed it in 1915. this idea was only accepted finally in the 1960s, when plate tectonics came of age. More recently, in 1982, Stanley Prusiner was labeled crazy for his controversial suggestion that infectious diseases such as BSE（疯牛病）were caused by a protein that self-replicated. A decade later, the notion had gained ground. Finally , in 1997, he received a Nobel Prize for his idea.Western science has always thrived on individualism---- one person’s ambition to topple a theory. So independence of thought is crucial.But this applies not only for scientists, but also their institutions.With governments and commercial sponsors increasingly pulling the strings of university research---- perhaps it’s time to spend some lottery money, say, on truly independent research.Overcoming scientists’ inertia will be much more dif ficult.Yet we can’t afford to be slow to hear new ideas and adapt to them. Back in the 1950s, if governments had taken seriously the findings of epidemiologist Richard Doll about the link between smoking and lung cancer, millions of people would have been spared disability and premature death.75. One of the ideas that are highlighted in the passage is that __________A individuals have greater chance of success in scientific research than collectives.B personality plays a crucial role in the advance of science.C originality of thinking is the key to the advance of science.D the intelligence of scientists is of vital importance to scientific achievements.76. Jeffrey Wigand’s idea about the nature of cigarette__________A was similar to that of the tobacco company.B sounded ridiculous to the general public .C was reached purely out of personal interestsD should be regarded as scientifically true.77. Jeffrey Wigand was attacked by the tobacco giant because _____A his idea could lead to a financial loss for the company.B he had been eager to defeat his company.C his idea was scientifically invalid.D he had long been an enemy of the company.78. The underlined phrase “place tectonics” in the 5th paragraph probably refers to ____A the study of the structure of the earthB scientific study of the climate of the earth.C the theory that the earth’s surface consists of plates in constant motion.D the theory that the earth’s surface was originally a plate-shaped heavenly body.79. One of the conclusions that we can reach from this passage is that ____A governmental interests always seem to clash with those of the private companies.B scientific findings are often obtained at the sacrifice of personal interests.C scientific truths are often rejected before they are widely accepted.D scientists are sometimes doubtful about their beliefs.80. The author seems to be suggesting that _______A the vested interests are sometimes on obstacle to the progress of science.B governments are the one to blame for the deterioration of the environment.C a timely response to people’s demand is appreciated by the academia.D the interference by the government resulted in the tragedy of the 1950s.Part V Translation (40 minutes, 20 points )The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people.The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish.Section B ( 20 minutes, 10 points )也许你觉得自己那些静卧于抽屉中的家书措辞不够优美，气息也不够现代，其实这正是我们所需要的，/毕竟时代的烙印和真挚的情怀是挥之不去，那亘古不变的魔力足以超出我们的想象。

广西师范大学2012年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷（2012年6月）Part I Reading Comprehension (共30分，每小题2分) Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. At the end of each passage, five questions will be asked about it.For the first three passages, you should read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide on the best choice.Passage OneThere are different ideas about pets in different parts of the world. In most culture, animals are in a worse position than human beings. In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better. In the United States and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs.In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets. It is common for big markets in many places to sell cat food and dog food. However, in a small town in France, there is a special restaurant for dogs. Dogs are the only customers. There is seating for twenty of them. The dogs choose from a variety of dishes on the menu.Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don't live in such wealth and comfort. People treat their pets in a more practical way. People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals. Owners have some loving feelings for their pets, but they do not see them as equal to family members. In most places in the world, there isn't any special clothing or fine food for animals. There aren't any special restaurants for dogs.Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.1. According to the passage, in most cultures ______________________________.A. animals are in a worse position than human beingsB. people treat their pets like members of their familiesC. there are special shops that sell clothing for dogs and catsD. pets such as dogs and cats are very popular2. According to the passage, there are ______________________________.A. clothing shops for dogs and cats in the United States and EuropeB. restaurants for dogs in every city in FranceC. no dogs or cats that wear clothingD. some people who treat their pets far better than they treat themselves3. For many people, pets may have a more practical function because________________.A. pets are often useful companions for old peopleB. cats and dogs can be used to keep away miceC. pets can sometimes be sold to make moneyD. some pets may show loving feelings for their owners.4. What might you think after reading this passage?A. Dogs and cats like to wear expensive clothing.B. Many people visit the dog restaurant in France.C. People in every part of the world like to buy fine clothing for their pets.D. In some cases, animals have better food and clothing than people.5. The main idea of this reading passage is ____________________________.A. Dogs enjoy fine restaurantsB. A rich cat can afford to go to any restaurantC. People treat pets in very different ways in different parts of the worldD. It is stupid to have special food and clothing for animalsPassage TwoFriends play an important part in our lives. And while we may get along well with a number of people, we can only be friends with very few. The average student, for example, has about 6 friends.Most people spend time with others they like, but still the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get along with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.Many friends avoid argument. It is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs. They have attitudes and interests in common that they often talk about and they might think of themselves being "on the same wavelength". It generally takes time to reach this point however. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another for favors and to keep promises. Also, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class, or race.6. What is True according to the first paragraph?A. A person can only have a few real friends.B. We should put things such as age, race, economic conditions, social positions, andintelligence in the first place when making friends.C. People whom we can get along well with are our friends.D. A student has six friends at most.7. In Paragraph 3, "being on the same wavelength" means ______.A. talking as fast as othersB. having the same topic as othersC. having attitudes and interests in commonD. having the same experiences and emotions8. The word " intimately" in Paragraph 3 perhaps means______A. far awayB. closelyC. wellD. in distance9. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Even friends may have difference of opinion.B. Friends never argue with each other.C. It takes time to become good friends.D. Shared experiences can make for a strong friendship.10. To strengthen friendly relationships, people______.A. should have the same age, class, and raceB. should get rid of the annoying habitsC. should support and understand each otherD. should hold friendship ceremoniesPassage ThreeOn a practical level, teachers need a wide variety of skills and abilities. They have to be ready to spend many hours at home planning their lessons and preparing homework. They have to be well organized in class, patient with students, able to appear bright and interested even if they are in fact tired or unhappy, and lively enough to control a group of young people for almost 200 days a year. Outside the classroom, they may have to prepare teaching materials, to choose books to use as texts, to help organize the work of other teachers, or to organize spare time activities for students.If you think that you have all the necessary qualities, you may feel that you would like to be a teacher. One way to decide, if you live in the United States, is by joining a club for future teachers, such as Student Action for Education. Clubs like this give advice about your field, and also allow you to watch teachers at work, attend meetings, and experiment with teaching methods and equipment. You could also talk with the job advisor at your school or university. Finally, you could try teaching a younger student or becoming an advisor at a summer camp for children. Any activity in which you are dealing with children will help you decide whether you have a calling for teaching.11. The first paragraph is mainly about ________.A. how to plan lessons and prepare homeworkB. how to help organize the work of other teachersC. how to prepare teaching materialsD. various skills and abilities teachers need12. According to the author, a teacher should show a firm mind ________.A. that is active and always asking questionsB. that knows no fear, even when a person is faced with many studentsC. that can help other teachers as well as studentsD. that is able to deal with tiredness and unhappiness13. The second paragraph is mainly concerned with ________.A. the ways of deciding one's future employmentB. the ways to decide whether teaching should be one's future employmentC. joining a club for future teachersD. talking to an advisor when choosing future employment14. Student Action or Education is ________.A. a summer camp for childrenB. an activity at a summer campC. a club for future teachersD. a club for job advisors15. Which of the following does the author suggest to a person who wants to be ateacher?A. Watching teachers at work and organizing students' spare time activities.B. Joining a future teachers' club, talking with job advisors, and working withchildren.C. Preparing lessons, correcting homework, and experimenting with teaching methodsand equipment.D. Planning lessons and attending teachers' meetings.Part II Skimming and Scanning (共10分，每小题1分) Directions:True or false?Read the following passages. Then decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).Passage OneAs my train wasn't due to leave for another hour, I had plenty of time. I made my way to the luggage (行李) office to collect the suitcase (小型旅行箱). I took out my wallet to find the receipt (收据) for my case, but the receipt was nowhere to be found. When my turn came, I explained this situation to the assistant. The man looked at me suspiciously (怀疑地) and asked me to describe the case. I told him that it was an old, brown object no different from the many cases I could see on the shelves. The assistant then gave me a form and told me to make a list of the chief contents of the case. If the list was correct, he said, I could take the case away. I tried to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed, and I wrote them down.After I had done this, I went to look among shelves. There were hundreds of cases there and, for one terrible moment, it occurred to me that if someone had picked up the receipt, he could have easily claimed (认领) the case already. This did not happen fortunately, for after a time I found the case lying on its side high up in a corner. After examining the articles inside, the assistant was soon satisfied that it was mine and told me I could take the case away. Again I took out my wallet, this time to pay. I pulled out a ten-shilling note and the "lost" receipt came out with it. I couldn't help blushing (脸红) and looked up at the assistant. He was nodding his head knowingly, as if to say that hehad often seen this happen.（）16. When the man explained the matter to an assistant, the assistant looked at him with pity.（）17. The man got nervous while looking for his suitcase, as he realized anyone could take it with the receipt.（）18. The man's suitcase was laid in the corner on the ground.（）19. The assistant was trying to verify what the man was saying. "To verify" means to check and make sure of something（）20. The man blushed because he felt timid and did not know what to do. Passage TwoBody language is the often overlooked means by which we express many of our feelings and thoughts. It is said that our body movements communicate about 50 percent of what we really mean. Surprisingly, words themselves express only seven percent.Arms. How you hold your arms shows how open and receptive (易接受的) you are to the people you meet. If you keep your arms to the sides of your body or behind your back, this suggests you are not afraid of taking on whatever comes your way. Outgoing (外向的) people generally use their arms with big movements, while quieter people keep them close to their bodies.Head. When you want to appear confident, keep your head level. If you are the monitor in class, you can also take on this position when you want your words to be taken seriously. However, to appear friendly when listening or speaking, you must move your head a little to one side.Legs. Your legs tend to move around a lot more than normal when you are nervous or telling lies. So it is best for you to keep your legs still when you are being interviewed.Posture (姿势). A good posture makes you feel better about yourself. If you are feeling down, you normally don't sit straight. Also, you may hold your shoulders inward. This makes breathing more difficult, which in turn can make you feel nervous or uncomfortable.Mouth. When you are thinking, you often purse (噘) your lips. You might also use this position to hold back an angry comment you don't wish to show. Regardless of what you are actually thinking, a person is likely to think that you are not happy if you have this expression.（）21. Body language is often overlooked because we mainly communicate in words. （）22. When an outgoing person meets someone he knows, he is most likely to keep his arms close to his body.（）23. Paragraph five shows that your posture and your feelings affect (影响) eachother.（）24. If you attend an interview, moving your legs around a lot should be avoided. （）25. Without considering possible cultural differences, the writer of the passage is suggesting that body language is a language that is difficult to understand.Part III Cloze (共10 分，每小题0. 5分)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.To find out what the weather is going to be, many people go straight to the radio, television or newspaper to get an expert weather forecast. But 26 you know what to look for, you can use your own 27 to make your weather 28 .There are many 29 that can help you. For example, in fair weather the air pressure is 30 low. The air is still and often full of dust. Far away objects may look 31 . But when a storm is gathering, the pressure 32 and you are often able to see things more clearly. Sailors 33 of this long ago and came 34 with a saying “The farther the sight, the nearer the rain”.Your sense of 35 can also help you detect weather changes. Just 36 it rains, odors becomes stronger. This is 37 odors are suppressed in a fair, high-pressure center. When a bad weather low 38 , air pressure lessens and smells are 39 .You can also 40 an approaching storm. Sounds 41 heavy storm clouds and return to earth with force. An old saying describes it 42 :”Sound travelling far and wide, a stormy day will come.”And don’t laugh if your grandmother says she can 43 a storm coming. It is commonly known that many people feel pains in their bones when the humidity 44 , the pressure drops, and bad weather is on the 45 .26. A. unless B. if C. as D. though27. A. experiences B. ways C. senses D. feelings28. A. broadcast B. plans C. prediction D. statement29. A. forms B. signals C. expressions D. signs30. A. ordinarily B. unusually C. commonly D. generally31. A. misty B. small C. clear D. big32. A. rises B. drops C. increases D. descends33. A. took care B. took note C. got hold D. made sense34. A. up B. over C. upon D. on35. A. touch B. taste C. smell D. sight36. A. when B. as C. after D. before37. A. why B. because C. how D. hence38. A. moves away B. takes up C. moves in D. takes in39. A. released B. controlled C. checked D. roused40. A. learn B. see C. hear D. look41. A. jump up B. jump down C. bounce in D. bounce off42. A. as meaning B. following C. this way D. that is43. A. see B. hear C. feel D. tell44. A. falls B. grows C. drops D. rises45. A. way B. march C. road D. movingPart IV Translation (共25 分)Directions: Put the following into Chinese.1.When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act ofkindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives. Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives. Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people’s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity. We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains. If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.2.Exercise is important for both the body and the mind. Its benefits are obvious in manyways: better health, increased intelligence, better looks and so on. However, many people do not realize that exercise can also have negative effect if one fails to pay attention to their diet when they exercise, such as a decrease in iron levels in one’s blood. So be careful to combine exercise with the correct diet and pay attention to the body’s needs as you go about your exercise program, and you’ll do great.Part V Writing (共25 分)Directions:For this part, you are required to write according to the outline given below. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese.How to Achieve Success?1.有人说成功靠运气。

江 西 理 工 大 学 考 试 试 卷试卷编号：English Examination for Master DegreePart Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure （10%）Directions : In this section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You are required to complete the sentence by deciding on the most appropriate choice.1. He suggested that we put the scheme into effect, for it is quite __可行的______.A) probable B) sustainableC) feasible D) eligible2. This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important __方式______ ofAmerican life.A) facets B) formatsC) formulas D) fashions3. It is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to ________ and transport it to theindustrial centers.A) permeate B) extractC) distinguish D) concentrate4. Students are expected to be quiet and ________ in an Asian classroom.A) obedient B) overwhelming班级学号 __________姓名C) skeptical D) subsidiary5. Our reporter has just called to say that rescue teams will ________ to bring out the trappedminers.A) effect B) affectC) conceive D) endeavor6. The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to________ themselves on the German team for last year’s defeat.A) remedy B) reproachC) revive D) revenge7. Creating so much confusion, Mason realized he had better make ________ what he wastrying to tell the audience.A) exclusive B) explicitC) objective D) obscure8. One of the examination questions ________ me completely and I couldn’t answer it..A) baffled B) mingledC) provoked D) diverted9. The vision of that big black car hitting the sidewalk a few feet from us will never be________ from my memory.A) ejected B) escapedC) erased D) omitted10. At present, it is not possible to confirm or to refute the suggestion that there is a causalrelationship between the amount of fat we eat and the ________ of heart attacks.A) incidence B) impetusC) rupture D) emergence11. There are many who believe that the use of force ________ political ends can never bejustified.A) in search of B) in pursuit ofC) in view of D) in light of12. We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got ________ and we had to callthe fire department to put it out:A) out of hand B) out of orderC) out of the question D) out of the way13. If an earthquake occurred, some of the one-storey houses ________.A) might be standing left B) might be left standingC) might leave to be standing D) might be left to stand14. The professor picked several students ________ from the class and asked them to help him with the experiment.A) at ease B) at allC) at random D) at hand15. Every year there is some ________ of the laws.A) transformation B) identificationC) correction D) alteration16. Some people believe that proficiency in a foreign language is not achieved through teaching and learning but ________ through actual use.A) received B) acceptedC) derived D) acquired17. It is said that somewhere between the ages of 6 and 9, children begin to think ________ instead of concretely.A) logically B) reasonablyC) abstractly D) generally18. Sea food of all kinds is ________ in the states that border the oceans.A) abandoned B) advantageousC) abundant D) accumulated19. I can’t back the car because there is a truck ________.A) in every way B) in a wayC) in the way D) in any way:20. ________ as a poor boy in a family of seventeen children. Benjamin Franklin becamefamous on both sides of the Atlantic as a statesman, scientist, and author.A) Starting B) StartedC) Being started D) To have startedPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension （15%）Directions:In this part, you will read three passages. The first and second passage is followed by 5 questions each. You are required to choose the best answer to each question according to the passage. For the third passage, you are required to answer each question.Passage oneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageIt doesn’t come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read to study if you can’t remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why you are reading.Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is “No, thank you, I’m just looking”? Both you and she know that if you aren’t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you may say instead, “Yes, I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off—both eager to look for exactly what you want. If you are looking for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that—nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary—they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, and “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.That is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. I’m reading this article to find about” or, “I’m going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England”. Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like t his: “Yes, I agree. That’s my opinion too” or “Umm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. I’d better check those dates,” or “ But there are some other facts to be considered!” You don’t just sit there taking in ideas—you do something else, and that something else is very important.This traditional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing betweenfacts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are one’s own personal reactions. Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.1. If you cannot remember what you read or study,____________［A］it is nothing out of the ordinary.［B］it means you have not really learned anything.［C］it means you have not chosen the right book.［D］you realize it is of no importance.2. The author mentions “a clerk” in Paragraph 3 to _____________［A］show that a clerk is usually very helpful.［B］indicate the importance of reading with a purpose.［C］suggest a clerk may be as forgetful as you are.［D］exemplify the harmonious relationship between clerk and customer.3. Before you start reading, it is important to ________________［A］choose an interesting book.［B］relate the information to your purpose.［C］remember what you read.［D］make sure why you are reading.4. Reading activity involves _____________［A］only two simultaneous process.［B］primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically.［C］merely distinguishing between facts and opinions.［D］mainly drawing accurate inferences.5. A good reader is one who ____________［A］relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matter.［B］does lots of thinking in his reading.［C］takes a critical attitude in his reading.［D］is able to check the facts presented against what he has already known. Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earned that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuiti on reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University (tuition, room and board $49,260 in 2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program). And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.6. What’s the opinion of economists about going to college?A．Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.B．It d oesn’t pay to run into debt to receive a college education.C．College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.D．Going to college doesn’t necessarily bring the expected returns.7. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, ________.A．enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universitiesB．the labor market preferred high-school to college graduatesC．competition for university admissions was far more fierce than todayD．the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed8. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.A．save more on tuitionB．receive a better educationC．take more liberal-arts coursesD．avoid traveling long distances9. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.A．regard college education as a wise investmentB．place a premium on the prestige of the CollegeC．think it crucial to send their children to collegeD．consider college education a consumer product10. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?A．Their employment prospects after graduation.B．A satisfying experience within their budgets.C．Its facilities and learning environment.D．Its ranking among similar institutions.Passage Three:I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the reality I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs on them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed themto me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in marketplace.I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.Questions:11. When the author met the woman in the market, what was the woman doing?12. How can you describe bargaining in Laos?13. According to the author, why did the woman accept the last offer?14. Why did the author finally decide to buy three skirts?15. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?PartⅣ Translation （20%）Directions: In this part, you are required to translate 2 short passages from English into Chinese (10 points) and 2 passages from Chinese into English. (10 points)1. A second aspect of technology transfer concentrates on US high technology exports. China has correctly complained in the past that the US was unnecessarily restrictive in limiting technology sales to China. Recently some liberalization has taken place and major increases in technology transfers have taken place as the result. However, some items continue to be subject to restrictions and unnecessary delay, in part because the US Government submits many items to COCOM(巴黎统筹委员会) for approval. There is significant room for improvement with the US bureaucracy and COCOM.2. Good manners are necessary because we are judged by our manners. Our manners not only show what kind of education we have received and what our social position is, but they also tend to show what our nature is. A person with good manners is always an agreeable companion, because he always thinks of others and shows respect for others.3. 今天，环境问题变得越来越严重了。

一、OK! giving and asking for advice is very common in almost culture. This shows how much you care for someone. Every now and then I give a piece of advice, whenever someone asks for it. I'd like to talk about a suggestion I given to younger brother.He had passed out his high school exam with high grades and wanted to enrol for university education. He was quite confused about choosing which university he should get admission as he had several options. When he asked me about it, I advised him to go for the university which provides placement services from reputed companies.He followed my advice exactly what I told him, this turned out to be very beneficial because he got a job offer from Intel Corporation with a lot of perks and lucrative salary. It helps immensely for our family too with this advice.Overall, not only himself but also my whole family was proud of him. He thanked me a lot and offered his first salary to show his love and respect.二、A sudden outbreak of coronovirus diseare made us stay at home instead of going out. But maintaining a healthy body can not be ignored at any time.Exercise and healthy diet are very important for improving physical fitness.First of all, we should dev elop good eating habits, not to eat junk food. We need to make a healthy diet, including drinking eight glasses of water every day, eating more fruits, vegetables and high protein foodsSecondly, exercise is an important way to cultivate a healthy life. We can do some simple exercises at home, such as yoga, push ups and rope skipping. Because these can keep our weight within the maximum weight range.Finally, in order to have a strong body, we should not be lazy and sleepy. We need to exercise actively both physically and mentally.三、All the time, what I admire most is the soldier . Not because of their bright appearance, not because of the brilliant deeds of the media, but because of theirunknown waiting and no complaintsSoldiers have their unique mental outlook, and they are also a symbol of justice and responsibility, which can give me a great sense of security.In peacetime, they train hard to keep fit and protect the people. When disaster happened, they fought for the people regardless of their own safety.Although I know that soldiers are also ordinary people, the particularity of their profession is bound to make them bear more expectations and responsibilities of ordinary people. While I like them, I will understand their difficulties四、Online studying across the network space distance limit, as long as there is a network, we can communicate with teachers online anywhere. Classroom studying requires us and teachers to gather in the classroom at the same time.I think online studying and classroom studying have their own advantages and disadvantages. For online learning, I can choose a place convenient for my study instead of going to a fixed place. Teachers can carry out open education in a wider area. The disadvantage is that I can't communicate face-to-face and sometimes I can't concentrate on the content of the teacher's lectures.Although classroom studying is a traditional way of learning in schools, there are some disadvantages that cannot be ignored. But it also has many advantages. I can improve my attention through the teacher's action and language, and communicate with my classmates more conveniently五、I support young people's volunteer work very much. I appreciate the young people who are engaged in volunteer work, because they are people with love and dedication. However, young people should also start from their own reality and choose suitable volunteer works that not only helps others but also improves our abilitiesFor young college students, it is very important to choose the right volunteer work. First, we can do voluntary tutoring service, on the one hand, we can spread ourknowledge to others, on the other hand, we can also improve our ability of expression and communicatio n , and at the same time, we can also test our own learning results.Second, we can also choose voluntary service for the elderly. For example, visit the elderly in a nursing home every month. Volunteer services for the elderly give us not only how to get along with the elderly, but also let us understand that everyone will experience birth, aging and death. What we can do is to live a good life and enjoy the process.六、I don't think the elderly should live with adult children. On the one hand, when children grow up, they will have their own work and family, and they need their own space; on the other hand, they may have a generation gap with their parents. If they don't communicate well, they will easily quarrel and affect their feelings.After my graduation and marriage, I don't plan to live with my parents. I will give each other space, because we all have our own way of life, I hope they can live their own happy life in their old age. If we live in the same city, I will visit them every month and accompany them to do what they want to doOf course, if my parents are not in good health, I will still choose to live with them to take care of them七、In my university, I majored in logistics management, and my major courses were also about logistics, such as introduction to logistics, logistics planning and design, procurement and supply management, transportation management, distribution management, international logistics and other financial and accounting courses.For me, theoretical professional courses like introduction to logistics are boring. Because pure conceptual knowledge is boring to learn, and the teacher is also reading textbooks according to the book, I have no interest in learning.I think the interesting course should be transportation and distribution management, not only because it is a practical course, but also because theknowledge of this course can solve practical problems. Our goal is to minimize the transportation cost. In order to transport the goods to the places designated by customers, we have many transportation routes and modes, but usually there is only one route to minimize the cost.八、I support the fact that schools send learning reports to parents, which can not only help parents understand the situation of their children in school, but also strengthen the contact and communication between parents and children in learning, so as to encourage children to learn moreOf course, I also agree that Jiangxi Normal University send my report card to my parents. I hope that they can understand my study situation through this test report card, know what I have learned in school, what kind of achievements I have achieved, and whether I have met their expectationsWhat's more, the affirmation and encouragement from my parents will help me to a higher level九、My summer plan mainly inc ludes two aspects. In terms of study, I plan to finish my small paper. In entertainment, I plan to take a short trip with my friends.I don't want to go too far for my trip. So I decided to set my destination in Suzhou. Because my friends and I want to visit the gardens in Suzhou, we love gardens, and the Chinese philosophy, history and customs in the Suzhou classical gardens are a symbol and concentration of the history of the humanities and customs of the South China river. It shows the essence of Chinese culture and has unique historical status and great artistic value in the history of the world's gardening.十、From the perspective of the actual job search process, I think male students do have more job opportunities than female students.On the one hand, many jobs explicitly require that only men be employed, because the nature of the job may require employees to have better physical strength and perseverance, such as long-term business trips or jobs with poor working environment, and recruiters will think that women are not competent for these jobs.On the other hand, female students will face greater pressure from work, because they have to spend more energy to take care of their families. After marriage, women have to face the problem of having children. Employers will consider the maternity leave and resignation of female job seekers.。

2023年广东学位英语考试大纲【2023年广东学位英语考试大纲】一、考试性质广东学位英语考试是广东省为高等院校学生提供的非英语专业本科生和研究生申请学士学位的一种英语水平测试。

该考试旨在测试考生在英语听、说、读、写各方面的综合能力和素养，是衡量考生是否符合申请学士学位条件的重要依据。

二、考试内容1. 听力：测试考生在听力方面的理解和反应速度，包括对话、短文和听力填空等题型。

2. 语法和词汇：测试考生对英语语法和词汇的掌握程度，包括常用语法点、常用短语、常用习语等。

3. 阅读理解：测试考生在阅读方面的理解能力和速度，包括选择题、填空题和简答题等题型。

4. 完形填空：测试考生在语篇理解的基础上，对词汇和语法的运用能力。

5. 写作：测试考生的英语书面表达能力，包括应用文写作和议论文写作等题型。

三、考试要求1. 考生应具备基本的英语听、说、读、写能力，能够理解和使用英语日常用语。

2. 考生应掌握一定的词汇量，能够理解和运用常用短语和习语。

3. 考生应具备基本的阅读理解能力，能够理解不同文体的文章。

4. 考生应具备一定的书面表达能力，能够书写简单的应用文和议论文。

四、题型及分值1. 听力（30分）2. 语法和词汇（15分）3. 阅读理解（30分）4. 完形填空（15分）5. 写作（20分）五、考试时间及地点考试时间：具体时间请参考官方通知。

考试地点：具体地点请参考官方通知或报名时提供的考点信息。

六、备考建议1. 注重基础，打好语言基础知识和基本技能。

2. 多做模拟试题，提高解题技巧和方法。

3. 加强听力训练，提高听力理解和反应速度。

4. 多阅读英文文章，提高阅读理解能力。

5. 认真对待写作练习，不断修改和完善自己的作文。

河北省学位英语考试简介河北省学位英语考试是为了评定学生英语水平而设立的考试，主要针对在校本科生和研究生。

该考试是河北省教育厅主管的，由各高校承担具体的考试组织工作。

考试内容河北省学位英语考试主要涵盖听力、阅读、写作和口语四个方面的能力。

下面将对每个部分的内容进行详细介绍：听力河北省学位英语考试听力部分主要测试考生对英语语音、语调、节奏以及常见词汇和句型的听力理解能力。

考生需要听录音并完成相应的题目，如听力理解题、听力填空题等。

阅读河北省学位英语考试阅读部分主要测试考生对英语文章的阅读理解能力。

考生需要阅读一篇文章，并回答相应的问题，如判断正误、选择题、填空题等。

文章主题一般与学术研究、社会现象、文化等相关。

写作河北省学位英语考试写作部分主要测试考生的写作能力。

考生需要根据给定的题目，完成一篇短文写作。

写作可以包括论述问题、说明原因、提出建议、描述事件等。

评分主要根据语法和词汇的正确使用、句子结构的连贯性、段落结构的合理性和行文的逻辑性等方面。

口语河北省学位英语考试口语部分主要测试考生的口语交际能力。

考生需要回答一系列问题或进行一段对话，与考官进行口语交流。

评分主要根据发音、语法和词汇的正确使用以及语言表达的流利程度。

参加考试的要求河北省学位英语考试主要面向在校本科生和研究生，一般由学校组织报名和考试工作。

参加考试需要符合以下要求：1.有参加学位英语考试的资格，如已经修满相应的学分；2.按学校规定完成报名手续，如填写报名表、缴纳考试费等；3.按时参加考试，准备相关的考试材料和证件。

考试成绩和证书河北省学位英语考试的成绩主要以百分制进行评定，如果考生达到指定的及格分数线，将获得相应的证书。

证书一般由学校发放，标志着考生在学位英语考试中取得了一定的英语水平。

补考机会如果考生在第一次考试中没有达到及格分数线，一般可以申请补考。

补考的具体时间和报名流程由各高校自行规定，考生需要参照学校的相关规定进行操作。

关于研究生学位英语成绩计算办法及
学位英语合格的规定
根据贵州大学研[2005]25号文件规定，学校每年进行一次学位英语考试，凡未通过大学英语6级或专业英语8级（外国语学院英语专业）的研究生必须通过学校组织的学位英语考试，成绩合格才授予博士（硕士）学位。

2005级研究生已于2006年4月进行首次学校学位英语考试，考试工作已经完成。

根据考试成绩情况，经研究生院研究，报校领导的同意，2006年学位英语考试成绩计算办法及学位英语合格作如下规定：
（1）学位英语成绩计算办法
学校学位英语成绩由课程学习成绩与学位英语考试成绩两部分组成。

2006年4月学校学位英语考试成绩分数占50%，课程学习成绩（两个学期英语学期考试平均成绩）占50%。

（2）学位英语合格分数
规定学位英语成绩60分以上（含60分）为合格，80分以上（含80分）为优秀。

低于60分为不合格（没有通过学位英语）。

今后学位英语成绩计算办法如有变动，按新规定计算。

贵州大学研究生院
2006年9月15日。

2008年1月研究生英语学位课统考PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.A. subjectivelyB. imaginablyC. positivelyD. practically22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.A. imposingB. demandingC. compulsoryD. temporary23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.A. responsible forB. indifferent toC. desperate forD. involved in24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.A. in units ofB. with reference toC. in aspects ofD. on condition of25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.A. mightyB. prospectiveC. oddD. formidable26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.A. destructionB. contributionC. chargeD. origin27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.A. hospitalityB. affection C: appeal D. frustration28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.A. submissiveB. resistantC. tolerableD. committed29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for her mother at the bus-stop.A. difficultB. excitedC. relievedD. restless30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.A. turn toB. add toC. keep toD. lead toSection B (0.5 point each)31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.A. conservationB. reservationC. exhaustionD. devastation32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above 21 in some regions.A. confinedB. inhibitedC. obligedD. restricted33.The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized bydeveloping and developed countries_______.A. bothB. eitherC. alikeD. apart34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainlandof China.A. overseasB. abroadC. foreignD. offshore35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.A. manipulateB. regulateC. dominateD. prevail36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.A. convictionB. assertionC. accusationD. speculation37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never____.A. run outB. work outC. turn outD. call out38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.A. goes onB. goes forC. goes withoutD. goes about39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.A. in orderB. in placeC. in needD. in trouble40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.A. changingB. differingC. varyingD. rangingPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for48. A. in B. to C. off D. over49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grantsPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneDid your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice."Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's educationB. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degreesC. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experienceD. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.A. health educationB. higher employmentC. Harriet EdgeD. higher education53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to universityB. is more likely to choose vocational educationC. may think learning for pleasure is a good ideaD. may choose to study for a professional degree54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.B. They are both the first-year students in university.C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.55. It is implied that ____________.A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very highB. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhileC. a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicineD. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job56.Those with graduate parents may _________.A. make poorer choices when choosing their majorsB. make better choices when applying for higher educationC. not need career guidance before graduationD. have no problems in applying for a collegePassage TwoLast month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.A. it is very noisy in public placesB. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safetyC. people have realized the importance of public orderD. people have been tired of being bossed58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.A. need to be bossed to behave themselvesB. want to be reminded of how to behave wellC. must have everything spelled outD. are raised in uncivilized society59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the pastB. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do nowC. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossinessD. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain60. According to the passage, which of the following statemens is true?A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.61. The author writes this passage in a _________.A. funny toneB. criticizing toneC. friendly toneD. radical tone62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness AroundB. British People Want to Be BossedC. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and PresentD. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be IgnoredPassage ThreeIt began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist i n chief: “I want to emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's an example of new research on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating newresearch is offering some possible explanations.63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.A. who has bipolar disorderB. what improves people's moodsC. whether magnetic scanning is a treatmentD. how some patients respond to some drugs64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?A.It mainly affects males.B. It may cause drug addiction.C. It is a mental problem.D.It is hard to detect.65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.A. considerateB. quietC. excitedD. sorrowful66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can be described as_________.A. confusedB. amusedC. carefulD. skeptical67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields mayA.treat mental disordersB. cause mental disordersC. increase the effectiveness of some drugsD. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs68. The passage mainly_________.A. reports a discoveryB. challenges a discoveryC. explains the problems with a discoveryD. describes the backgound of a discoveryPassage FourMy kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At £5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at £18,000 to £25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.A. move to a new houseB. change the way he livedC. improve his dressing styleD. talk in the most trendy fashion70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner implies that___________.A. he believed that it was uselessB. he wanted to purchase one himselfC. he hated to cause inconvenienceD. he thought that it was not worth the effort71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?A. The plasma TV fireplace.B. The automatic garden sprinkler.C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.72. The Smart Home Show__________.A. seemed too good to be trueB. was a true eye-opener for the authorC. left a negative impression on the authorD. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?A. Overstated.B. Objective.C. Ironic.D. Passionate.Passage FiveNever before has flying been so controversial. In the space of two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 people back their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient and quieter than those of 20 years ago.Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.So the question is: who do you believe?75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.A. be heatedly debated in the scientific communityB. be a controversial issue no one could ignoreC. draw little attention among the general publicD. divert people's attention from more important issues76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars or trains for travel_________.A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damagesB. seem to care more about the environment than about timeC. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environmentD. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.A. demonstrate the necessity of flyingB. emphasize the problems of flyingC. persuade people to turn to flyingD. present the two sides of flying78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planesB. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes in the near futureC. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problemsD. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes79. What is the author's position on air travel?A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel80. The best title for the passage is “___________”.A. Should We Stop Flying?B. When Can We Stop Flying?C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across the world. This wide use of English has been reinforced by the sweeping influence of the U.S.. However, the dominance of English as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse. For one thing, it has accelerated the extinction of some languages. People have been wondering about the possibility of creating a global language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused troubles and conflicts. Unfortunately, attempts to harmonize world languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of native speakers of a particular language to adopt another language as their mother tongue. To discard one's native language is to have the distinct features of his nation erased. Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)根据最新统计，67％的美国人能上网，该比例是中国的6倍。