2007-2012年研究生学位英语(部分)

目录

2007-1 (1)

2007-6 (6)

2008-1 (12)

2008-6 (17)

2009-6 (22)

2010-6 (32)

2011-1 (48)

2012-6 (57)

2007-1

PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)

Section A (0.5 point each)

21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up.

A. investment

B. resource

C. inspiration

D. stimulus

22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions.

A. bewildering

B. exasperating

C. dismaying

D. upsetting

23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography.

A. all at once

B. by and by

C. to some extent

D. on the whole

24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences.

A. optimistic

B. anxious

C. uncertain

D. scared

25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes.

A. enhanced

B. revised

C. alternated

D. modified

26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery.

A. arisen from

B. contributed to

C. patched up

D. participated in

27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.

A. resigned

B. compromised

C. persisted

D. dominated

28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural.

A. inclined

B. struggled

C. argued

D. competed

29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.

A. on occasion

B. at present

C. by now

D. for sure

30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims' families.

A. briefly

B. quickly

C. accurately

D. earnestly

Section B (0.5 point each)

31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world.

A. neighborhoods

B. communities

C. clusters

D. assemblies

32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life.

A. compose

B. impose

C. expose

D. pose

33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests.

A. energetic

B. vigorous

C. rigorous

D. grave

34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________.

A. presentation

B. instruction

C. conviction

D. obligation

35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other.

A. incomprehensible

B. incomparable

C. inconceivable

D. incompatible

36. As __________ China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum.

A. in the light of

B. in the event of

C. in the case of

D. in the course of

37. According to an Australian research, moderate drinkers ________ better thinkers than heavy drinkers or those who never drink.

A. end up

B. take up

C. put up

D. turn up

38. Strange ly enough, an old man ______ me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my father‘s.

A. stood up to

B. walked up to

C. lived up to

D. added up to

39. Many children often _____ why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.

A. assume

B. anticipate

C. assure

D. wonder

40. The FDA was created to _______ the safety of products, review applications and grant approvals.

A. manipulate

B. adjust

C. regulate

D. manage

PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about US$789 a year in pay, according to a new study. "Height 41 career success," says Timothy Judge, a University of Florida professor of management, who led the study. "These findings are troubling since, with a few 42 , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job 43 ," Judge points out.

1

Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the US and Britain that followed thousands of people from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. "If you take this 44 the course of a 30-year career, we're talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings 45 that a tall person enjoys," Judge said.

Greater height boosted both subjective ratings of work performance--a supervisor's 46 of how effective someone is-- and 47 measures of performance--such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher 48 and greater respect to a tall person, giving them

an edge in negotiating states, he says.

The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary 49 . Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was 50 power and strength used when making "fight or run" decisions.

41. A. makes out B. works in C. takes on D. matters for

42. A. cases B. exceptions C. examples D. problems

43. A. performance B. operation C. condition D. environment

44. A. on B. with C. over D. to

45. A. deficiency B. advantage C. loss D. necessity

46. A. imagination B. decision C. judge D. evaluation

47. A. relative B. absolute C. objective D. initiative

48. A. state B. status C. situation D. statue

49. A. origins B. sources C. courses D. organizations

50. A. a time in B. a hold on C. a work at D. a sign of

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage One

At the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), a student loaded his class notes into a handheld e-mail device and tried to read them during an exam: a classmate turned him in. At the University of Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) students photographed test questions with their cellphone cameras and transmitted them to classmates. The university put in place a new examination-supervision system. "If they'd spend as much time studying, they'd all be A students," says Ron Yasbin, dean of the College of Sciences of UNLV.

With a variety of electronic devices, American students find it easier to cheat. And college officials find themselves in a new game of cat and mouse. They are trying to fight would-be cheats in the exam season by cutting off Internet access from laptops, demanding the surrender of cellphones before tests or simply requiring that exams be taken with pens and paper.

"It is annoying. My hand-writing is so bad," said Ryan Dapremont, 21 who just finished his third year at Pepperdine University in California. He had to take his exams on paper. Dapremont said technology has made cheating easier, but plagiarism (剽窃) in writing papers was probably the biggest problem. Students can lift other people's writings off the Internet without attributing them.

Still, some students said they thought cheating these days was more a product of the mindset, not the tools at hand. "Some people put too much emphasis on where they're going to go in the future, and all they're thinking about is graduate school and the next step," said Lindsay Nicholas, a third-year student at UCLA. She added that pressure to succeed "sometimes clouds everything and makes people do things that they shouldn't do."

Some professors said they tried to write exams for which it was hard to cheat, posing questions that outside resources would not help answer. Many officials said that they rely on campus honor codes. They said the most important thing was to teach students not to cheat in the first place.

51. One student at UCLA was found cheating ________________.

A. when he was loading his class notes into a handheld e-mail device

B. when he was trying to tell the answers to his classmates

C. after the university put in place a new examination-supervision system

D. after his classmate reported his cheating to the authority

52. According to Ron Yasbin, all the cheating students _____________.

A. should be severely punished for their dishonesty

B. didn't have much time to study before the exam

C. could get the highest grades if they had studied hard enough

D. could be excused because they were not familiar with the new system

53. To win the new game of cat and mouse in examinations, the college officials have to______________.

A. use many high-tech devices

B. cut off Internet access on campus

C. turn to the oral exanimation forms

D. cut off the use of high-tech devices

54. According to Ryan Dapremont, ______________.

A. examinations taken with pens and paper were useless in fighting cheating

B. his examination paper was under-graded because of his bad hand-writing

C. cheating was more serious in writing papers than in examinations

D. it was more difficult for him to lift other people's writings off the Internet

55. Which of the following is probably the most Significant measure to fight cheating?

A. Putting less emphasis on where the students are going to go in the future.

B. Letting students know that honesty is more important.

C. Writing examinations for which it is hard to cheat.

2

D. Setting up more strict campus honor codes.

56. The best title of the passage might be_____________.

A. Cheating Has Gone High-tech

B. Game of Cat and Mouse

C. A New Examination-supervision System

D. Measures to Fight Against Dishonesty

Passage Two

Top marathon runners tend to be lean and light, star swimmers are long thighs with huge feet and gold medal weightlifters are solid blocks of muscle with short arms and legs. So, does your physical shape--and the way your body works--fit you for a particular sport? Or does your body develop a certain way because of your chosen sport?

"It's about 55:45, genes to the environment," says Mike Rennie, professor of clinical physiology at Britain's University of Nottingham Medical School. Rennie cites the case of identical twins from Germany, one of whom was a long-distance athlete, the other a powerful sportsman, so, "They look quite different, despite being identical twins."

Someone who's 1.5-meters tall has little chance of becoming an elite basketball player. Still, being over two meters tall won't automatically push you to Olympic gold. "Unless you have tactical sense where needed, unless you have access to good equipment, medical care and the psychological conditions, and unless you are able to drive yourself through pain, all the physical strength will be in vain," said Craig Sharp, professor of sports science at Britain's Brunel University.

Jonathan Robinson, an applied sports scientist at the University of Bath's sports development department, in southwest England, points to the importance of technique. "In swimming only 5-10 per cent of the propelling force comes from the legs, so technique is vital."

Having the right physique for the right sport is a good starting point. Seventeen years ago, the Australian Institute of Sport started a national Talent Search Program, which searched schools for 14-16-year-olds with the potential to be elite athletes. One of their first finds was Megan Still, world champion rower. In 1987, Still had never picked up an oar in her life. But she had almost the perfect physique for a rower. After intensive training, she won gold in women's rowing in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

Other countries have followed the Australian example. Now the explosion of genetic knowledge has meant that there is now

a search, not just for appropriate physique but also for "performance genes."

57. It can be concluded from the passage that__________.

A. physical strength is more important for sportspersons' success

B. training conditions are more important for sportspersons' success

C. genes are more important for sportspersons' success

D. psychological conditions are more important for sportspersons' success

58. The case of identical twins from Germany shows that_________.

A. environment can help determine people's body shape

B. genes are the decisive factors for people's body shape

C. identical twins are likely to enjoy different sports

D. identical twins may have different genes for different sports

59. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Craig Sharp as a required quality for a sportsperson to win an Olympic gold medal?

A. The physical strength.

B. The right training conditions.

C. The talent for the sports.

D. The endurance for pains.

60. Seventeen years ago Megan Still was chosen for rowing because____________.

A. she had the talent for rowing

B. her body shape was right for a rower

C. she had the performance genes

D. she was a skillful rower

61. The word "elite" in Paragraph 5 means ________ .

A. the most wealthy

B. the most skilled

C. the most industrious

D. the most intelligent

62. The elite athletes of the future may come from people who naturally possess___________.

A. the best body shapes and an iron purpose

B. the extremes of the right physique and strong wills

C. the right psychological conditions and sports talents

D. the right physique and genes for sports

Passage Three

For years, a network of citizens' groups and scientific bodies has been claiming that science of global warming is inconclusive. But who funded them?

Exxon's involvement is well known. ExxonMobil is the world's most profitable corporation. It makes most of its money from oil, and has more to lose than any other company from efforts to tackle climate change. To safeguard its profits, ExxonMobil needs to sow doubt about whether serious action needs to be taken on climate change. But there are difficulties: it must confront a scientific consensus as strong as that which maintains that smoking causes lung cancer or that HIV causes Aids. So what's its strategy?

3

The website https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca11575473.html,, using data found in the company's official documents, lists 124 organizations that have taken money from the company or work closely with those that have. These organizations take a consistent line on climate change: that the science is contradictory, the scientists are split, environmentalists are liars or lunatics, and if governments took action to prevent global warming, they would be endangering the global economy for no good reason. The findings these organizations dislike are labeled "junk science". The findings they welcome are labeled "sound science".

This is not to claim that all the science these groups champion is bogus. On the whole, they use selection, not invention. They will find one contradictory study - such as the discovery of tropospheric (对流层的) cooling - and promote it relentlessly. They will continue to do so long after it has been disproved by further work. So, for example, John Christy, the author of the troposphere paper, admitted in August 2005 that his figures were incorrect, yet his initial findings are still being circulated and championed by many of these groups, as a quick internet search will show you.

While they have been most effective in the United States, the impacts of the climate-change deniers sponsored by Exxon have been felt all over the world. By dominating the media debate on climate change during seven or eight critical years in which urgent international talks should have been taking place, by constantly seeding doubt about the science just as it should have been most persuasive, they have justified the money their sponsors have spent on them many times over.

63. Which of the following has NOT been done by the organizations to establish their position on climate change'?

A. Damaging the reputation of environmentalists.

B. Emphasizing the lack of consensus among scientists.

C. Stressing the unnecessary harm to tile global economy.

D. Protecting the scientific discoveries from being misused.

64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "bogus' (in Paragraph 4)?

A. Reasonable.

B. Fake.

C. Limitless.

D. Inconsistent.

65. John Christy is mentioned to show_______________.

A. how closely these organizations work with scientists

B. how these organizations select scientific findings for their own purpose

C. how important correct data are for scientists to make sound discoveries

D. how one man's mistake may set back the progress of science

66. The organizations sponsored by Exxon ___________.

A. have lived up to their promises

B. have almost caused worldwide chaos

C. have failed to achieve their original goal

D. have misunderstood the request of the sponsor

67. The passage is mainly focused on____________.

A. Exxon's involvement in scientific scandals

B. Exxon's contributions to the issue of climate change

C. Exxon's role in delaying solutions to global warming

D. Exxon's efforts to promote more scientific discoveries

68. What is the author's tone in presenting the passage?

A. Factual.

B. Praiseful.

C. Biased.

D. Encouraging.

Passage Four

Where anyone reaching the age of 60 was considered to be near death's door at the turn of the 20th century, it is barely old enough for retirement at the turn of the 21st century. And scientists are still not holding back. They say that as new anti-ageing treatments become available, our species will get even older. While few would argue that living longer is an attractive idea, the rapid increase in the number of years begs a question: Can our health expectancy be as close as possible to our life expectancy?

Predictions for future health expectancy have changed over the past few decades. In the 1980s, life expectancy was increasing but the best data suggested that for every increased year of life expectancy, a greater fraction was disabled life expectancy. What we would see was a piling up of chronic illness and related disability which medical science couldn't prevent.

But that world view changed suddenly in the early 1990s with the publication of a study by researchers at Duke University, who had been following the health of 20,000 people for almost a decade. They showed that disability among the elderly was not only dropping, but it was doing so at an ever-increasing rate.

Arian Richardson, director of the Barshop Institute for Ageing and Longevity research, predicts that understanding the mechanisms behind calorie restriction and other genetic reasons behind ageing could be used within the next two decades to give people several extra healthy years of life. Restrict how much an animal eats, for example, and it will live longer. In lab experiments, rats on calorie-restricted diets were found to be physiologically younger, got diseases later in life and, at any rate, had less severe cases. "From the models that have been looked at, the increase in lifespan is usually in the range of 15-30% maximum," says Richardson. Cutting calories is thought to trigger a switch in an animal's behaviour from normal to a state of stasis in which growth and ageing are temporarily put on hold. When food becomes available again, the animal's behaviour switches back.

Richardson says that thinking about stopping ageing is a "little bit silly" at the moment but doesn't dismiss it altogether, arguing that none of the illnesses related to ageing should be inevitable. Start with a high-quality body (and that means eating your greens, not smoking and doing lots of exercise in your younger days) and you can keep it going for longer with high quality maintenance. "It'll be like the difference between a Rolls-Royce and a cheap car."

69. It can be seen from the first paragraph that people have doubts on whether _____________.

A. is possible to live a longer healthy and life

B. humans can live as long as scientists predict

C. living longer is still considered a good idea

4

D. new anti-ageing treatments are safe for humans

70. In the 1980s, the data on people's health expectancy_______________.

A. gave an optimistic prediction

B. showed an unclear future

C. led to a pessimistic perception

D. turned out to be a mixed blessing

71. In the lab experiment on rats,_____________.

A. food restriction is not the only factor proved to have worked

B. responses to food restriction vary from animal to animal

C. the animals' lifespan increases with the amount of food eaten

D.different amounts of food cause a change in the animals' behavior

72. Richardson believes that_________.

A. it is impossible for humans to stop ageing

B. it is worthless to talk about stopping ageing

C. stopping ageing is a dream that may come true

D. illness is the biggest obstacle to stopping ageing

73. Rolls-Royce is used to convey the idea that_______________.

A. quality life is out of reach for most people

B. quality life can slow down the process of aging

C. how long one can live depends on the genes one carries

D. the more money one invests in health, the healthier one will be.

74. The most suitable title for the passage is ―___________‖.

A. Problems of An Ageing Society

B. Health Care for the Elderly

C. Eating Healthier, Living Longer

D.The Future of Old Age

Passage Five

In dealing with a student who is acting aggressively toward his classmates, you want to send a strong message that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated in your classroom. In addition, you want to help him develop more appropriate ways of settling disputes with his peers.

If two elementary school students are engaged in a fight, use a strong loud voice to stop it. If that doesn't work, you might say something odd ("Look up! The ceiling is falling!") to divert their attention. If they still don't stop and you can't separate them, send a student to the office to get help. If a crowd of children is gathering, insist that they move away or sit down, perhaps clapping your hands to get their attention: After the incident is over, meet with the combatants together so they can give you their versions of what happened and you can help them resolve any lingering problems. Also notify the parents.

Speak in a firm, no-nonsense manner to stop a student's aggressive behavior: use physical restraint as a last resort. When responding to the student, pay attention to your verbal as well as non-verbal language. Even if he is yelling at you, stay calm. Allow him to express what he is upset about without interrupting him and then acknowledge his feelings. Avoid crossing your arms, pointing a finger or making threats: any of those actions could intensify his anger and stiffen his resistance.

You might conclude that a student's aggressive behavior warrants separating him from the rest of the class, either to send him a strong message that what he did merits a serious consequence or to protect the other students. You can do that by giving him a time out in class or by sending him to the office.

Although he might expect you to react punitively, surprise him by reacting supportively. Express your confidence that he can resolve problems without being hurtful to his peers. Tell him that you think he must be upset about something to lose control as he did and you want to understand what might be bothering him. If he does open up to you, listen attentively without interrupting. Speaking m a calm voice, tell him that you understand why he was upset, but stress that he has to find a way to express his anger with words rather than with his hands.

You don't want to force an aggressive student to say he is sorry because that might fuel his anger, however, you do want to strongly encourage him to make amends with the student he hit. If he is willing to do that, it will help soothe hurt feelings and avoid future conflicts.

75. What is the purpose of saying something odd when seeing students in a fight?

A. To please the students.

B. To surprise the students.

C. To get the students' attention.

D. To distract the students' attention.

76. What is to be done about a student's aggressive behavior?

A. Respond calmly but finny.

B. Tell the student's parents immediately.

C. Ask other students for help to stop the action.

D. Have the student go to see the principal.

77. What is NOT encouraged to do toward an aggressive student?

A. Use physical restraint.

B. Give the student a time out.

C. Point at the student or make threats.

5

D. Talk with the student privately.

78. What does the word "'punitively" (in Paragraph 5) probably mean?

A. Surprisingly.

B. Depressingly.

C. Involving persuasion.

D. Involving punishment.

79. What might be the last step to help all aggressive student?

A. Encourage the student to be nice to the student he hit.

B. Ask the student to promise he'll never do it again.

C. Force the student to apologize for his behavior.

D. Persuade the student to open up to you.

80. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Problems in Classrooms.

B. Dealing with Student Aggression.

C. Aggressive Behavior in Classrooms.

D. Settling a Student Fight.

PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)

Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)

One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.

Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。

PART VI WRITING ( 30 minutes, 10 points )

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "Work Experience". Your composition should be based on the following outline:

As the job market becomes more competitive, many employers require work experience. Do you think graduate students should gain work experience before graduation? How can you gain work experience before graduation?

参考答案

Part II Vocabulary

21. D 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B 31.B 32.D 33.C 34.B 35.D 36.C 37.A 38.B 39.D 40.C

Part III Cloze Test

41.D 42.B 43.A 44.C 45.B 46.D 47.C 48.B 49.A 50.D

Part IV Reading Comprehension

51.D 52.C 53.D 54.C 55.B 56.A

57.C 58.A 59.D 60.B 61.B 62.D

63.D 64.B 65.B 66.A 67.C 68.A

69.A 70.C 71.D 72.C 73.B 74.D

75.D 76.A 77.C 78.D 79.A 80.B

Part V Translation

Section A

世界变平产生一些意外的后果，其一就是不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间连接的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化凭借全球亲密接触突然带来的合作机遇兴旺发达(蓬勃发展)。另一些文化却由于这种亲密接触而感到灰心丧气，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一是使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这一切有助于说明为什么现在会出现一种最具有杀伤力的力量——自杀性爆炸者和其他恐怖组织。这些组织不顾人们的死活，消灭它们最符合我们的利益。

Section B

This act is intended (aims) to introduce education reform in America's elementary and secondary schools and give all children the access to high-quality education. The ultimate goal is to ensure that no one is left behind. As a result of the implementation of this act, schools enjoy more flexibility to use resources where they are needed most. Parents can get more involved in the child's education.

2007-6

6

PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )

Section A (0.5 point each )

21. Nothing can be more absurd than to say that human beings are doomed.

A. compelling

B. rational

C. ridiculous

D. ambiguous

22. The Chinese government continues to uphold the principle of peaceful co-existence.

A. support

B. restrict

C. raise

D. modify

23. Patients are expected to comply with doctors' instructions for quick recovery.

A. improve on

B. abide by

C. draw upon

D. reflect on

24. Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.

A. abundant

B. controversial

C. conducive

D. convincing

25. Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.

A. more wealthy

B. less successful

C. dismissed earlier

D. favorably positioned

26. If you hold on to a winning attitude, you'll make a greater effort and also create positive momentum.

A. influence

B. strength

C. outlook

D. consequence

27. Academic integrity is deemed essential to those devoted to scientific researches.

A. believed

B. discarded

C. advocated

D. confirmed

28. Customers in these markets of antiques are good at slashing prices.

A. assessing

B. cutting

C. elevating

D. altering

29. The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.

A. joined

B. ascribed

C. fastened

D. diverted

30. Thousands of people left their rural homes and flocked into the cities to live beside the new factories.

A. dashed

B. filed

C. strolled

D. swarmed

Section B (0.5 point each)

31._________this dull life, the full-time mom decided to find a part-time job.

A. Tied up with

B. Fed up with

C. Wrapped up in

D. Piled up with

32. In the letter, my friend said that he would love to have me as a guest in his _____ home.

A. humble

B. obscure

C. inferior

D. lower

33. Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from ________ as possible.

A. humidity

B. humanity

C. harmony

D. honesty

34. As an important _______ for our emotions and ideas, music can play a huge role in our life.

A. vessel

B. vest

C. venture

D. vehicle

35. The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diploma to all who ___six years of instruction.

A. set about

B. run for

C. sit through

D. make for

36. The wages of manual laborers stay painfully low, meaning digitalization could drive an even deeper ______between the rich and

poor.

A. boundary

B. difference

C. wedge

D. variation

37. A farmer must learn the kinds of crops best ____ the soils on his farm.

A. accustomed to

B. committed to

C. applied to

D. suited to

38. The sun is so large that if it were ______, it would hold a million earths.

A. elegant

B. immense

C. hollow

D. clumsy

39. This patient's life could be saved only by a major operation. That would _____ her to a high risk.

A. expose

B. lead

C. contribute

D. send

40. It takes a year for the earth to make each ________, or revolution, around the sun.

A. tour

B. travel

C. visit

D. trip

PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

Harvard University's under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is 41 its under-graduate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this 42 what many people had said that Harvard's curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.

"Harvard needs to 43 its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and science in general are ever more important," said Kirby.

Particularly 44 is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.

Students can either find the program themselves or 45 some exchange programs offered by the university.

" 46 studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China."

It was also recommended that Harvard 47 its required "core curriculum". The core curriculum was an effort created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly 48 topic and emphasized "ways of knowing".

Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of 49 "Harvard College Courses", emphasizing knowledge over methodology and 50 wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.

7

41. A. inspecting B. reviewing C. searching D. underlying

42. A. in accordance with B. in line with C. in charge of D. in response to

43. A. update B. uphold C. upset D. upward

44. A. trust-worthy B. note-worthy C. praise-worthy D. reward-worthy

45. A. turn out B. turn in C. turn to D. turn over

46. A. In spite of B. As if C. Let alone D. Rather than

47. A. perish B. destroy C. abolish D. denounce

48. A. appropriate B. imaginative C. special D. specific

49. A. optical B. optional C. opposite D. optimistic

50. A. sparing B. spiraling C. spanning D. sparkling

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage One

A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution.'? Quite a lot, it turns out.

Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source--exhaust fumes(烟气). Also don't walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.

Sitting on the driver's side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants.

When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.

There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.

51. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to fight air pollution in big cities.

B. How to avoid air pollution in big cities.

C. How to breathe fresh air in big cities.

D. How serious air pollution is in big cities.

52. According to the report, air pollution in big cities __________.

A. can be more serious than Chernobyl nuclear disaster

B. cannot be compared with the disaster in Chernobyl

C. can release as damaging radiation as the Chernobyl disaster

D. can be more serious than we used to think

53. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side ___________.

A. where the wind is coming

B. where the wind is going

C. where the wind is weaker

D. where the wind is stronger

54. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit _________.

A. on the left side in the bus

B. on the right side in the bus

C. in the middle of the bus

D. at the back of the bus

55. It is implied in the passage that ________.

A. people should not take street level transportation

B. tiny iron particles will not cause health problems

C. air pollution on an underground train is less poisonous

D. traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus

56. While waiting to cross a busy street, you should ___________.

A. wait a few seconds until the fumes reduce

B. stay away from the traffic as far as possible

C. hold your breath until you get to the other side of the street

D. count down for the light to change

Passage Two

Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont. Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and

8

dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries.

Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.

Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. "Wouldn't it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn't it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action," Alley said.

Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley's research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.

Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn't predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider.

"This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it's part of that because we're not going to get along with each other if we're not getting along with the planet," Alley said.

57. According to Ally the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming _________.

A. can be eased

B. can be ended

C. will become worse

D. will last for decades

58. Ally's research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by ___________.

A. abrupt changes in atmospheric patterns

B. subtle changes in atmospheric patterns

C. humans' burning of fossil fuel

D. increasing levels of carbon dioxide

59. The word "upbeat" (in Paragraph 3) probably means __________.

A. pessimistic

B. optimistic

C. worried

D. insensible

60. What does Ally suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?

A. To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.

B. To start a political, scientific and economic debate.

C. To take action to burn no fossil fuels.

D. To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.

61. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into ______.

A. a region like Siberia

B. a warmer and warmer place

C. a tropical region

D. a place like North Pole

62. Ally thinks the biggest problem in the world is

A. lack of harmony

B. violence

C. global warming

D. climate shift

Passage Three

We're talking about money here, and the things you buy with it--and about what attitude we should take to spending.

Across most of history and in most cultures, there has been a general agreement that we should work hard, save for the future and spend no more than we can afford. It's nice to have a comfortable life right now, but it is best to think of the future. Yet economists have long known that things don't work out that way. They point to an idea called the "paradox of thrift." Imagine you are the owner of a big business making consumer goods. You want your own staff to work hard and save their money. That way, you don't have to pay them as much. But you want everybody else to spend all the money they can. That way you make bigger profits.

It's a problem on a global scale. Many people in the UK and the United States are worried about levels of personal debt. Yet if people suddenly stopped buying things and started paying back what they owe to credit card companies, all the economies of the Western world would collapse. The banks would be happy, but everybody else would be in trouble.

Traditionally, economists have believed that spending money is about making rational choices. People buy things to make their life better in some way. But in recent years, they have noticed that people often do not actually behave in that way. We all know people who take pleasure in buying useless things. And there are many people around who won't buy things that they need.

In a recent series of experiments, scientists at Stanford University in the US confirmed something that many people have long suspected. People spend money because the act of buying gives them pleasure. And they refuse to spend when it causes them pain. The scientists discovered that different areas of the brain that anticipate pleasure and pain become more active when we are making a decision to buy things. People who spend a lot have their pleasure centers stimulated. People who like to save find buying things painful.

If you think you really want that product because it's beautiful or useful, you are wrong, say the scientists. The desire to buy something is a product of the reaction between chemicals released by different parts of the brain when the eyes see a product.

63. Across most of history and in most cultures, people are advised to _____________.

A. enjoy their present life as much as possible

B. spend every penny they have earned

C. save every penny for the future

D. save some money for later use

64. According to the context, "paradox" (in Paragraph 2) probably mea ns ―__________‖.

A. contradiction

B. hypothesis

C. declaration

D. assertion

9

65. It is implied that many people in the UK and the United States

A. have to work hard to make ends meet

B. spend more than they can afford

C. have trouble in paying back their debts

D. don't pay back their debts on time

66. According to the resent studies made by economists, people__________.

A. take pleasure in buying useless things

B. won't buy things that they need.

C. spend their money irrationally

D. make rational choices while spending their money

67. It has been proved by the scientists at Stanford University that some people like to save money because_____.

A. they like keeping their money in the bank

B. they will feel safe if they save enough money for the future

C. they don't want to spend their money on useless things

D. spending money gives them pain

68. The passage mainly tells us_________.

A. how to spend our money

B. it is better to save some money for the future

C. it is the chemicals released from the brain that decide our spending

D. how to form a habit of rational spending

Passage Four

Trees are good. Good enough to hug. Planting trees will make the world cooler than it would otherwise be. This is the subject of a newly published study by Govindasamy Bala, of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in California, and his colleagues. Dr Bala has found, rather counter-intuitively, that removing all of the world's trees might actually cool the planet down.

The reason for this is that trees affect the world's temperature by means other than the carbon they take in. For instance forests remain quite a dark shade even after a snowstorm. They are certainly darker than grasslands, and thus they can absorb more of the sun's heat than vegetation which might otherwise cover the same stretch of land. That warms things up.

Dr Bala and his colleagues took such effects into account using a computer model called the Integrated Climate and Carbon Model. Unlike most climate-change models, which calculate how the Earth should absorb and radiate heat in response to a list of greenhouse-gas concentrations, this one has many subsections that represent how the carbon cycle works, and how it influences the climate.

Overall, Dr Bala's model suggests that complete deforestation would cause an additional 1.3?C temperature rise compared with business as usual, because of the higher carbon-dioxide levels that would result. However, the additional reflectivity of the planet would cause 1.6?C of cooling. A treeless world would thus be 0.3?C cooler than otherwise.

No one, of course, would consider chopping down the world's forests to keep the planet cool. But having made their point, Dr Bala and his colleagues then went on to look at forest growth and loss at different latitudes. Planting trees in convenient places such as Europe and North America may actually be counterproductive. In Russia and Canada, cutting trees down led mostly to local cooling. The carbon dioxide this released into the atmosphere, though, warmed the world all over. Around the equator, by contrast, warming acted locally (as well as globally), so a tropical country would experience warming created by cutting down trees.

The results follow increasing criticism from climate scientists of the benefits of forestry schemes to offset carbon emissions. Planting trees to neutralise carbon emissions has become a big business: ￡60m worth of trees have been bought this year, up from ￡20m in 2005. By 2010 the market is expected to reach ￡300m.

69. According to the passage, trees make the world warmer because of their _________.

A. deep color

B. round shape

C. enormous size

D. high reflectivity

70. Dr Bala's Integrated Climate and Carbon Model____________.

A. supports the findings of other climate models

B. is based on the results of other climate models

C. uses a system different from other climate models

D. challenges the basic theory of other climate models

71. Based on Dr Bala's model, a treeless world would__________.

A. cause serious environmental problems

B. prove helpful in fighting global warming

C. make it difficult to deal with climate change

D. raise carbon dioxide levels and global temperature

72. According to Dr Bala, the best places to plant trees would be__________.

A. North America

B. Europe

C. High-latitude countries.

D. tropical countries

73. As is shown in the passage, criticism from other climate scientists__________.

A. should be taken rather seriously

B. is unreasonable and far-fetched

C. involves mostly economic interests

D. is voiced on behalf of the government

74. The best title for the passage is____________.

A. Should Green Trees Be Left Alone?

B. Why Green Trees Might Not Be Green?

C. How to Help Green Trees Survive?

D. How to Go Green with Green Trees?

Passage Five

The patient needed a spinal tap, and a senior attending physician asked a medical resident whether a preparatory blood test had been checked. The medical student was stunned to hear him answer in the affirmative, because she was quite certain it had not been checked.

Well, almost certain.

Doctors in training sometimes confront situations in which they worry that their supervising physicians are making mistakes or

10

bending the truth. Yet even though such acts can jeopardize patients, the inclination and ability of young doctors to speak up is hampered by the hierarchies in teaching hospitals.

On the top were the senior physicians who made rounds on the wards once or twice daily. Next were the overworked residents, who essentially lived in the hospital while training. Last were the medical students who were most assuredly at the bottom of the heap.

The student whose resident seemingly lied to the attending physician about the blood test did not speak up. The resident was a good doctor, she said, and so she had given him the benefit of the doubt. And, she added, both the resident and the attending physician would be grading her.

What should a medical student do in such a situation? One possibility is to take the matter up with a more senior doctor. Or the student might go directly to the patient or family, telling them that the physicians have a genuine disagreement and that they deserve to know about it.

These options seem logical on paper. As the ethicist James Dwyer has written in The Hastings Center Report, "The practice of always keeping quiet is a failure of caring." But in the real world, it may be extremely difficult to go up the chain of command.

Fortunately, medical educators are increasingly recognizing the dilemmas that doctors in training confront when they witness behavior that makes them uncomfortable. Students and residents are now expected to provide routine feedback -- positive and negative -- about their supervising physicians at the close of their rotation.

Of course, physicians and students need to be educated about how to give feedback in professional and nonconfrontational ways. Medical educators are only now beginning to teach this skill. Still, it will be hard to change the unfortunate perception that constructive feedback, even for a patient's benefit, is whistle-blowing.

75. As mentioned in the passage, the hospital hierarchy______________.

A. is useful to the people on the lower layer

B. is built on a performance-reward system

C. is a barrier to the exchange of medical views

D. is an effective way of teaching medical students

76. "the benefit of the doubt" in Paragraph 5 shows that_________________.

A. the student was not quite certain that she was right

B. the resident did not respond to the student's doubt

C. the student was denied the chance to doubt the superior

D. the resident benefited from the student's suggestion

77. James Dwyer's words mean that___________.

A. students should learn to speak both kindly and professionally

B. students should challenge the superior for the benefit of patients

C. students should retain their faith even after facing some difficulties

D. students should be educated on how to care more about the patients

78. What is the attitude of medical educators toward teaching students to give feedback?

A. Confused.

B. Indifferent.

C. Reluctant.

D. Enthusiastic.

79. The author tends to believe that the problem faced by medical students

A. will remain for a long time

B. will disappear in the near future

C. should not be exaggerated

D. cannot be solved successfully

80. The passage focuses on_____________.

A. the development of teaching hospitals' hierarchies

B. the different roles in teaching hospitals' hierarchies

C. the future reforms on teaching hospitals' hierarchies

D. the problems caused by teaching hospitals' hierarchies

PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)

Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)

In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation．

Section B(15 minutes，10 points)

中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。

PART VI WRITING(30 minutes，10 points)

Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of ―Publish or Perish‖ Your composition should be based on the information given below：

Many universities require each graduate student to have at least one paper published before getting the master's degree．They say this is a good way to evaluate the graduate students．What do you think about this?

11

参考答案

Part II V ocabulary

21.C 22.A 23.B 24.D 25.D 26.B 27.A 28.B 29.B 30.D

31.B 32.A 33.B 34.D 35.C 36.C 37.D 38.C 39.A 40.D

Part III Cloze test

41.B 42.D 43.A 44.B 45.C 46.D 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.C

Part IV Reading Comprehension

51.C 52.D 53.A 54.B 55.C 56.B

57.A 58.B 59.B 60.A 61.A 62.A

63.D 64.A 65.B 66.C 67.D 68.C

69.A 70.C 71.B 72.D 73.C 74.B

75.C 76.A 77.B 78.D 79.A 80.D

Part V Translation

Section A

在本书中，我们提出一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来合理并值得认真考虑。但有经验的作者都知道，有时最好的建议也可能不适用。写书要针对不同的读者，具有不同的目的，有关不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有这一切提出种种要求，本书是无法预见到的。我们也意识到对某一作品是合适的内容而对另一作品来说可能不合适。在多数情况下，你只好不惜代价把含义表达清楚(避免含义不清)，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。

Section B

The limited natural resources on which China's sustainable development depends are declining sharply, on the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to (results in) increased consumption of energy / the scale of production keeps expanding, consuming more energy. On the other hand, production facilities (equipment) that can utilize energy efficiently are lacking. That (This) forces us to think about how to leave enough environmental space to future generations (our offspring) so that they can fulfill their aspirations.

2008-1

PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )

Section A (0.5 point each)

21. The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.

A. subjectively

B. imaginably

C. positively

D. practically

22. In spite of the taxing business schedule, he managed to take some time off for exercise.

A. imposing

B. demanding

C. compulsory

D. temporary

23. The court held the parents accountable for the minor child's acts of violence.

A. responsible for

B. indifferent to

C. desperate for

D. involved in

24.The visitors were impressed by the facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships.

A. in units of

B. with reference to

C. in aspects of

D. on condition of

25. "There is a weird power in a spoken word," Joseph Conrad once said.

A. mighty

B. prospective

C. odd

D. formidable

26. Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health.

A. destruction

B. contribution

C. charge

D. origin

27. This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town.

A. hospitality

B. affection C: appeal D. frustration

28. If you become reconciled to your lot, you will never get a new start in life.

A. submissive

B. resistant

C. tolerable

D. committed

29. The little girl felt increasingly uneasy while waiting for her mother at the bus-stop.

A. difficult

B. excited

C. relieved

D. restless

30. A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.

A. turn to

B. add to

C. keep to

D. lead to

Section B (0.5 point each)

31. To achieve sustainable development, the of resources is assuming new importance.

A. conservation

B. reservation

C. exhaustion

D. devastation

32. The sale of alcoholic beverages is ________ to those above 21 in some regions.

A. confined

B. inhibited

C. obliged

D. restricted

33. The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed

countries_______.

A. both

B. either

C. alike

D. apart

34. Before the 1980s, the idea of health insurance was quite _______ to those living in the mainland of China.

A. overseas

B. abroad

C. foreign

D. offshore

12

35. The government is expected to make new legislations to ______ foreign investment in real estate.

A. manipulate

B. regulate

C. dominate

D. prevail

36. Despite the suspect's ________to be innocent, there is compelling evidence that he was involved.

A. conviction

B. assertion

C. accusation

D. speculation

37. For many countries, being part of a global supply chain is like striking oil -- oil that may never ____.

A. run out

B. work out

C. turn out

D. call out

38. Having been an office secretary for some years, she always _______chores in a responsible way.

A. goes on

B. goes for

C. goes without

D. goes about

39. Without clear guidelines ______, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.

A. in order

B. in place

C. in need

D. in trouble

40. The age of other trees is variously estimated as ______ from two hundred to eight hundred years.

A. changing

B. differing

C. varying

D. ranging

PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to (41) even from the high educational institutions.

In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board, (42) at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which (43) more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health (44), and professional salaries.

Living expenses on campus have also (45). At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now it's $9. The US government often provides (46) assistance to students' lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually don't (47) universities.

Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants (48) campus.

To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments (49) universities and private sources have provided (50) for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.

41. A. stay away B. stand out C. step down D. set off

42. A. fares B. payment C. charges D. tuition

43. A. attended B. covered C. included D. composed

44. A. welfares B. advantages C. benefits D. goods

45. A. rolled up B. gone up C. sat up D. taken up

46. A. management B. economic C. policy D. financial

47. A. apply to B. suit for C. adjust to D. gear for

48. A. in B. to C. off D. over

49. A. as well as B. the same as C. as far as D. such as

50. A. grasps B. grains C. grounds D. grants

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage One

Did your mum and dad go to university, or did they leave school and go straight to the Job Centre? The educational experience of parents is still important when it comes to how today's students choose an area of study and what to do after graduation, according to The Future-track research in the UK.

The research was done by the Higher Education Careers Service Unit. It plans to follow university applicants for six years from 2006 through their early careers.

The first year's findings come from a study of 130,000 university applicants. They show significant differences in prospective students' approach to higher education, depending on whether their parents got degrees (second-generation applicants) or didn't (first-generation applicants).

First-generation applicants were more likely to say that their career and employment prospects were uppermost in their minds in deciding to go to university. About one-fifth of this group gave "to enable me to get a good job" as their main reason for choosing HE. And 37 percent said that a degree was "part of my career plan".

A young person coming from a non-professional household where finances are stretched may find the idea of learning for its own sake to be a luxury. This explains the explosion in vocational courses.

At Portsmouth University, first-year student Kim Burnett, 19, says that she specifically chose her degree in health research management and psychology to get a secure, well-paid job. Harriet Edge, 20, studying medicine at Manchester University, also wanted job security. Her parents lacked college degrees, though the fact that her uncle is a doctor appears to have influenced her choice.

"Medicine is one of those fields where it's pretty likely you'll get a job at the end. That's a big plus, as the debt levels after five years of study are going to be frightening," she says. Many experts believe that this situation affects those with no family tradition of higher education far more keenly. The fact that 26 percent of respondents said that they needed more advice implies that some students may end up feeling that their higher education investment was not worthwhile.

For those with graduate parents, this lack of guidance may, the researchers suggest, be less of a problem. " But, for those without the advantages, lack of access to career guidance before applying for higher education leaves them exposed to making poorer choices," the survey concludes.

51. The main idea of the passage is that_________.

A. parents' experiences are more important for their children's education

13

B. parents' careers are vitally important for their children's degrees

C. students' approach to higher education correlates with their parents' educational experience

D. students' career and employment prospects are decided by their parents

52. "HE" in the 4th paragraph probably refers to __________.

A. health education

B. higher employment

C. Harriet Edge

D. higher education

53. A young person coming from a non-professional household ____________.

A. is less likely to get financial aid to go to university

B. is more likely to choose vocational education

C. may think learning for pleasure is a good idea

D. may choose to study for a professional degree

54. In which of the following aspects do Kim Burnett and Harriet Edge have in common?

A. They both chose their majors because of their family influence.

B. They are both the first-year students in university.

C. Both of their parents lack college degrees.

D. Both of them chose degrees for job security.

55. It is implied that ____________.

A. the cost of a degree in medicine is very high

B. higher education investment in medicine is not worthwhile

C. a student without family medical tradition is less likely to choose medicine

D. medicine is a field where every degree-holder can get a job

56.Those with graduate parents may _________.

A. make poorer choices when choosing their majors

B. make better choices when applying for higher education

C. not need career guidance before graduation

D. have no problems in applying for a college

Passage Two

Last month, the public address system at Earl's Court subway station in London was ordered to get the noise down. Passengers, it seems, had had enough of being told the blindingly obvious: "Stand back or the train will run you over." "Don't lean on the doors." "Stand back from the opening doors." "Do this." "Don't do that."

Bossiness is not just aural. It is also written. As a commuter, I'm continually bombarded by notices on car walls. "Please take your feet off the seat." "Please turn down your personal stereo." And when I drive past the local primary, a sign flashes: "School. Slow down!"

The presumption behind these signs is that Britons must have everything spelled out because we are tow, uncivilized people who were raised by wolves.

Britain didn't use to be so bossy. When I was a boy, for instance, the local cinema put a warning on screen before we settled down to watch. "Don't," it said, "make noises." In those days, long before mobile phones, it was the only bossiness we saw in the cinema. Since then, bossiness has become more commonplace. Television, that strongest guide to public morals and lifestyles in this country, is alive with dominant people. On screen, we see health experts holding some poor woman's breasts and demanding that she get in shape. Cooking programs tell us not to think of leaving toast crumbs on the kitchen table.

There is no point in blaming TV for this new bossiness. We want to be bossed. We have behaved badly and now we yearn to feel the whip to correct us. On July 1, smoking will be banned in public places in England. My local government told churches in the area last week that no-smoking posters must be prominently displayed by church entrances.

I love this: the governments are bossing people to make them more bossy. They are insisting that priests tell their congregations (教区的教民) what to do.

My local government isn't the only source of bossiness. I find it everywhere. But the rise in bossiness does not seem to have been accompanied by a rise in socially well-adjusted behavior. In fact, the opposite. Perhaps this is because, if you feel as though you are treated with contempt, you will respond with the same.

57. The case at Earl's Court subway station shows that _________.

A. it is very noisy in public places

B. it is necessary to warn the passengers of their safety

C. people have realized the importance of public order

D. people have been tired of being bossed

58. It is presumed that bossiness is everywhere because Britons__________.

A. need to be bossed to behave themselves

B. want to be reminded of how to behave well

C. must have everything spelled out

D. are raised in uncivilized society

59. It is suggested in the passage that____________.

A. now Britons behave much better than they did in the past

B. in the past Britons behaved much better than they do now

C. the dominant people on screen should be blamed for the new bossiness

D. television has misguided the public morals and lifestyles in Britain

60. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. Television should play a role in enhancing public morals.

14

B. The local government has got involved in the church activities.

C. The governments want to make themselves more authoritative by bossing people.

D. The rise in bossiness has helped the improvement of people's behavior.

61. The author writes this passage in a _________.

A. funny tone

B. criticizing tone

C. friendly tone

D. radical tone

62. What is the appropriate title of this passage?

A. British People Have Had Enough Bossiness Around

B. British People Want to Be Bossed

C. Bossiness in Great Britain: Its Past and Present

D. Bossiness in Great Britain Should Be Ignored

Passage Three

It began as just another research project, in this case to examine the effects of various drugs on patients with a severe mood disorder. Using an advanced brain scanning technology--the clumsily named echo-planar magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (磁共振光谱成像) procedure, or EP-MRSI--researchers at Boston's McLean Hospital scanned the medicated and un-medicated brains of 30 people with bipolar disorder in order to detect possible new treatments for the more than 2 million American adults who suffer from the disease.

But something unexpected happened. A patient who had been so depressed that she could barely speak became ebullient after the 45-minute brain scan. Then a second patient, who seemed incapable of even a smile, emerged actually telling jokes. Then another and another. Was this some coincidence? Aimee Parow, the technician who made these observations didn't think so. She mentioned the patients' striking mood shifts to her boss and together they completely refocused the study: to see if the electromagnetic fields might actually have a curative effect on depressive mood.

As it turns out, they did. As reported last month in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 23 of the 30 people who were part of the study reported feeling significantly less depressed after the scan. The most dramatic improvements were among those who were taking no medication. The researchers are cautious. Says Bruce Cohen, McLean's president and psychiatrist in chief: ―I want t o emphasize that we are not saying this is the answer but this is a completely different approach in trying to help the brain than anything that was done before."

It's a completely different approach because of the way the magnetism is applied to the brain. But it's an example of new research on an old idea: that the brain is an electromagnetic organ and that brain disorders might result from disorder in magnetic function. The idea has huge appeal to psychiatrists and patients alike, since for many people the side effects of psychiatric (精神的) drugs are almost as difficult to manage as the disease itself. And 30 percent of the nearly 18.8 million people who suffer from depression do not respond to any of the antidepressants available now. People with other severe mental disorders might benefit as well. And while no one fully understands exactly why or how the brain responds as it does to electrical currents and magnetic waves, fascinating new research is offering some possible explanations.

63. The first paragraph describes a project aimed at finding ____________.

A. who has bipolar disorder

B. what improves people's moods

C. whether magnetic scanning is a treatment

D. how some patients respond to some drugs

64. What does the passage say about bipolar disorder?

A.It mainly affects males.

B. It may cause drug addiction.

C. It is a mental problem.

D. It is hard to detect.

65. The word "ebullient" in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by________.

A. considerate

B. quiet

C. excited

D. sorrowful

66. The researchers' attitude toward the new finding can be described as_________.

A. confused

B. amused

C. careful

D. skeptical

67. The new finding is significant because it shows that electromagnetic fields may

A. treat mental disorders

B. cause mental disorders

C. increase the effectiveness of some drugs

D. reduce the effectiveness of some drugs

68. The passage mainly_________.

A. reports a discovery

B. challenges a discovery

C. explains the problems with a discovery

D. describes the background of a discovery

Passage Four

My kids tell me that I am "so 20th century", which troubles me. A person likes to feel that he is "with it", as we used to say in the 20th century.

So I have been thinking how I might change myself into a true 21st-century man. Clearly, in my advanced state of age I would be foolish to attempt some wild leap into the contemporary fashion. And anyway, my distinctive taste attracts much favourable comment.

But if my clothing is too characteristic to change, perhaps I should do something about my lifestyle. So last week I took myself to the NEC for the Smart Home Show which is "the exhibition dedicated to all the latest trends in smart home technology".

It was a shock. How could I have lived for half a century without a fingerprint-operated front door? ("Never lock yourself out of your home again!") Or vacuum cleaners that suck dust straight into a dustbin, via a system of pipes in your house walls? (All you have to do is rebuild your entire home.) Or automatic garden sprinklers which are so smart that they turn themselves off when it starts to rain? Of course, you could just look out of the window, observe that it's raining and turn them off yourself, but that would be so 20th century.

Besides, those were just the simpler things. For the true smart-home owner, a plasma (等离子) TV fireplace is a must. At first glance it's just an electric fire with a mantelpiece，but press your remote and a giant TV screen rises from the mantelpiece. "Thieves

15

won't even know it's there," a spokesman claimed. Just as well. At ￡5,280，it would be a pity to have it broken. But the real revolution has happened in the bathroom. Never again need you feel cut off from world events as you go about your washing. Forget the mirrors that turn into TV screens. They're old hat. The buzz in bathrooms now is all about heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.

Enough! I was convinced: I want a smart home. There's only one problem: The cost. You are looking at ￡18,000 to ￡25,000 for an average home. Hmm. I won't be entering the 21st century just yet, then.

69. To be "21st century", the author decided to___________.

A. move to a new house

B. change the way he lived

C. improve his dressing style

D. talk in the most trendy fashion

70. The author's comment on the vacuum cleaner implies that___________.

A. he believed that it was useless

B. he wanted to purchase one himself

C. he hated to cause inconvenience

D. he thought that it was not worth the effort

71. What is the most revolutionary smart home technology according to the author?

A. The plasma TV fireplace.

B. The automatic garden sprinkler.

C. Mirrors that turn into TV screens.

D. Heated towel-racks that turn into TVs.

72. The Smart Home Show__________.

A. seemed too good to be true

B. was a true eye-opener for the author

C. left a negative impression on the author

D. appealed less to the middle- and old-aged

73. What does the author think of buying the smart home products?

A. He was interested, but found them too expensive.

B. He was fascinated, and determined to buy them.

C. He wasn't attracted, and wouldn't buy them.

D. He wasn't sure, so he would rather wait and see.

74. Which of the following words could best describe the author's tone?

A. Overstated.

B. Objective.

C. Ironic.

D. Passionate.

Passage Five

Never before has flying been so controversial. In the space of two years, the environmental damage done by planes has gone from being something quietly discussed by scientists and committed environmentalists, to a headline-grabbing issue no one can ignore.

Even those who fly once or twice a year on holiday can't help but feel a growing sense of guilt, while those opting for trips by car, train or ferry have a self-righteous spring in their steps.

Now, however, the backlash is beginning. The tourism and aviation industries are mobilizing, and pointing out some awkward facts. Did you know that some ferries emit far more carbon dioxide than some planes'? That driving can release twice as much carbon as flying? A new report from Balpa, the pilot's union, even claims that planes can be better than train.

While there are the campaigners who plot their camp at Heathrow to protest the air travel, in Kenya plans are being drawn up for a very different camp. Looking out from a cliff over the deserts of Samburuland is a stunning hotel, the O1 Malo Eco-Lodge. Revenue from the small number of visiting tourists has allowed the 5,000 acres around it to be transformed from over-grazed cattle ranch to a conservation site. More impressive still is the O1 Malo eye project. Up to 80 per cent of adults in the area suffer sight loss, so the O1 Malo Trust runs regular surgical camps, bringing doctors from the UK to treat them. In January, the camp gave 102 people back their sight. "It's very simple--all of our visitors fly here," said Julia Francombe, the founder. "If they stopped coming, it would kill us."

One thing on which all sides agree is that aviation is booming, so it becomes crucial to develop new and less polluting aircraft. Airbus's claim that it can save the world with the A380 may be far-fetched, but its "gentle giant" plane is far more efficient and quieter than those of 20 years ago.

Some environmentalists, however, scorn these advances, saying such measures are a "delusion." "The aviation industry is likely to vastly overstate the gains that can be made from technological improvements but sadly a climate friendly plane isn't on the horizon," says Emily Armistead of Greenpeace.

So the question is: who do you believe?

75. Pollution caused by planes used to _____________.

A. be heatedly debated in the scientific community

B. be a controversial issue no one could ignore

C. draw little attention among the general public

D. divert people's attention from more important issues

76. Compared with people who fly, those who choose cars or trains for travel_________.

A. feel equally guilty of causing environmental damages

B. seem to care more about the environment than about time

C. believe that they are doing the right thing for the environment

D. are more troubled by the latest facts on environmental pollution

77. The camps in Kenya are mentioned to_________.

A. demonstrate the necessity of flying

B. emphasize the problems of flying

C. persuade people to turn to flying

D. present the two sides of flying

78. Emily Armistead suggests that the aviation industry___________.

A. has not made great efforts to develop environmentally friendly planes

B. cannot come up with environmentally friendly planes in the near future

C. should not use environmentally friendly planes to solve their problems

D. will not save the world even with environmentally friendly planes

79. What is the author's position on air travel?

16

A. Air travel should be avoided if possible.

B. Air travel is not as problematic as people believe.

C. It is too early to say that air travel has caused damages.

D. It is hard to decide whether we should continue air travel

80. The best title for the passage is ―___________‖.

A. Should We Stop Flying?

B. When Can We Stop Flying?

C. What Will Happen If We Stop Flying?

D. Will Stopping Flying Make a Difference?

PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)

Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)

British previous colonial policies led to the spread of English across the world. This wide use of English has been reinforced by the sweeping influence of the U.S.. However, the dominance of English as an international language is considered both a blessing and a curse. For one thing, it has accelerated the extinction of some languages. People have been wondering about the possibility of creating a global language which might hold promises for an end to language-caused troubles and conflicts. Unfortunately, attempts to harmonize world languages have met with little success as a result of the reluctance of native speakers of a particular language to adopt another language as their mother tongue. To discard one's native language is to have the distinct features of his nation erased. Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)

根据最新统计，67％的美国人能上网，该比例是中国的6倍。尽管互联网作用巨大，但许多问题远远没有解决，如：病毒侵入和信息安全。即使这些问题最终有可能得到解决，也需要艰辛的努力和多年时间。

PART VI WRITING ( 30 minutes, 10 points )

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "Should outsiders be allowed to study in university classrooms?" Your composition should be based on the information given below: Nowadays many universities ban outsiders to study in their classrooms. They send security personnel to guard each entrance to the classroom buildings. Only students and teachers may enter. Do you think universities should allow outsiders to study in their classrooms? Give at least two reasons to support your ideas.

2008-6

PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )

Section A (0.5 point each)

21. Some scientists are trying to eliminate malaria by developing a GM mosquito that can't transmit the disease.

A. remove

B. fabricate

C. enhance

D. utilize

22. A tall building is usually equipped with several elevators, so it doesn't matter if one of them is out of order.

A. in a mess

B. in bad condition

C. in short supply

D. in a hurry

23. As the train service had been suspended, thousands of people had to wait for days at the station.

A. elevated slightly

B. cancelled completely

C. delayed frequently

D. stopped temporarily

24. We can learn about the hazards of hunting big game in stories about their ancestors.

A. adventures

B. pleasures

C. dangers

D. consequences

25. Novel drugs developed through biotechnologies can be expected to deliver a better effect.

A. distribute

B. produce

C. liberate

D. express

26. The price of housing varies with demand, and the same rule seems to hold for automobiles.

A. contain

B. fasten

C. grasp

D. apply

27. Some people are skeptical about the validity of Aristotle's argument that man is by nature a political animal.

A. efficiency

B. soundness

C. availability

D. contribution

28. Heart-broken and desperate, she was determined to leave this family for good.

A. permanently

B. alternatively

C. temporarily

D. desirably

29. It is generally believed that money can always bring happiness, but studies and surveys have proved that this is a myth.

A. fairy tale

B. absolute myth

C. mistaken idea

D. big controversy

30. The sight of these soldiers toiling along the expressway was extremely touching to a tender heart.

A. sympathetic

B. mild

C. concerned

D. feeble

Section B (0.5 point each)

31. Students of English are advised to try to ___________the meaning of a new word from the context.

A. turn out

B. figure out

C. look out

D. put out

32. The drastic changes that have taken place in China have won worldwide __________.

A. identification

B. realization

C. admission

D. recognition

33. Bill Clinton rose to prominence after he was elected ________ of Arkansas at age 32 in 1978.

A. president

B. secretary

C. governor

D. premier

17

34. The finding of this experiment is __________ with what was previously reported.

A. consistent

B. constant

C. coherent

D. competent

35. However, the nature of online ________ is such that we tend to be more honest, more intimate.

A. interruptions

B. interpretations

C. imaginations

D. interactions

36. Reading extensively can broaden our vision and extend our life into a new _________.

A. perspective

B. hierarchy

C. layer

D. dimension

37. I was quite _______ to find my test score well below that of my tablemate.

A. fascinated

B. dismayed

C. amused

D. convinced

38. An earthquake of 8- _________ struck some parts of this province, causing a death toll of over 30,000.

A. altitude

B. aptitude

C. magnitude

D. gratitude

39. Both linguists and psychologists are eager to learn more about the process of language ________.

A. acquisition

B. attainment

C. possession

D. fulfillment

40. An overseas market with a great growth potential is not easy to _________.

A. break down

B. break up

C. break through

D. break into

PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

According to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), car crashes are the leading cause of death among children 41 5 and 14 years of age. Says NHTSA: "Over 50% of children who die in crashes are 42 by safety devices. 43 , 4 out of 5 children are improperly restrained."

The NHTSA offers a number of safety tips and 44 for those who are accompanied by children while driving. Although laws 45 from country to country and even from state to state, these guidelines may 46 food for thought to many parents and guardians of children. Please check your local laws and do 47 you can to keep your precious baby safe.

The safest place for all children is in the back seat. Infants should be 48 in a rear-facing safety seat in the backseat of the car. A child at least a year old and 49 at least 20 pounds may be placed in a forward-facing seat. At 40 pounds, the child can use a "booster seat", which is secured by one of the car's lap and shoulder 50 . At approximately 80 pounds and a height of about four feet nine inches, the child may begin using an adult safety belt.

41. A. at B. between C. for D. about

42. A. bound B. undefined C. unrestrained D. inhibited

43. A. Of course B. On contrary C. Nevertheless D. In addition

44. A. cautions B. forms C. notes D. concepts

45. A. work B. vary C. enforce D. affect

46. A. give way B. differ from C. serve as D. deal with

47. A. whatever B. whichever C. that D. which

48. A. tied B. stuck C. surrounded D. placed

49. A. weight B. weighted C. weigh D. weighing

50. A. stripes B. belts C. ribbons D. bows

PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage One

Americans are more socially isolated than they were 20 years ago, separated by work, commuting and the single life, researchers reported on Friday.

Nearly a quarter of people surveyed said they had "zero" close friends with whom to discuss personal matters. More than 50 percent named two or fewer confidants, the researchers said.

―This is a big social change, and it indicates something that's not good for our society,‖ said Duke University Professor Lynn Smith-Lovin. Smith-Lovin's group used data from a national survey of 1,500 American adults that has been ongoing since 1972.

She said it indicated people had a surprising drop in the number of close friends since 1985. At that time, Americans most commonly said they had three close friends whom they had known for a long time, saw often, and with whom they shared a number of interests. They were almost as likely to name four or five friends, and the relationships often sprang from their neighborhoods or communities.

Ties to a close network of friends create a social safely net that is good for society. Research has also linked social support and civic participation to a longer life, Smith-Lovin said.

The data also show the social isolation trend mirrors other class divides: Non-whites Americans and the highly educated. That means that in daily life, personal emergencies and national disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, those with the lowest resources also have the lowest personal friends to call for advice and assistance.

"It's one thing to know someone and exchange e-mails with them. It's another thing to say, ?Will you give me a ride out of town with all of my possessions a nd pets? And can I stay with you for a couple or three months?‘‖ Smith-Lovin said.

"Worrying about social isolation is not a matter of remembering a warm past. Real things are strongly connected with that," added Harvard University Public Policy Professor Robert Putnam. He suggested flexible work schedules would allow Americans to tend both personal and professional lives.

51. One reason for the social isolation of Americans is ________.

A. frequent relocation

B. frequent traveling

C. living alone

D. working flexible hours

18

52. The percentage of people with more than two close friends is about________.

A. 25%

B. 50%

C. 60%

D. 75%

53. According to the passage, close social ties among people are_______.

A. a must for social progress

B. beneficial for the family

C. a source of happiness

D. good for people's health

54. It is implied that ________ tend to live a more socially isolated life.

A. people in the higher social ladder

B. people in the lower social ladder

C. people with a longer life span

D. people with a shorter life span

55. According to Robert Putnam, ________.

A. it is useless to worrying about social isolation

B. social isolation is not necessarily bad for us

C. it is time to do something about social isolation

D. social isolation does not mean the end of society

56. The passage is focused on _________.

A. the new trend in American social life

B. the urban problems in modem society

C. the ways to build a strong social network

D. the reasons for close interpersonal relationships

Passage Two

For years, France proudly resisted establishing domestic smoking bans. It held out longer than Britain, Spain and Italy, but on January 2, 2008, it finally forbid cigarettes in bars, cafes, restaurants and clubs.

This was not a decision taken lightly. Magazines ran photo-spreads reminding us that French people look seriously cool with a cigar in their mouth. There were illustrations of Charles de Gaulle, the French president during World War II, Brigitte Bardot the 1950s famous fashionist, and the famous French philosopher and writer, Jean-Paul Sartre. Even the present President Nicolas Sarkozy, extremely image-conscious, posed for Paris Match magazine with a fat cigar.

But now, France's traditional ―cafe-clope‖ (morning coffee and cigarette) is only possible if people can bear the freezing temperatures outside.

In the latter part of the 20th century, the health risks of second-bend tobacco smoke were made public. Then, in 1975, a modern wave of smoking bans started in Minnesota, the US. Since then, many countries and regions have joined in the movement. Among them, the US has been a pioneer, with California being the first in the world to ban indoor smoking at all public places, including bars and restaurants. Thus some French people call the non-smoking law issued on January 2 "a touch too American".

However, studies before the ban showed that 70 percent of French people supported the enforcement. The public's positive response means that the smoking ban will be just one more US trend accepted by French society. Even among strong smokers, no one wants to risk a fine.

French barman Jean-Michel, dressed in a leather waistcoat and a cowboy-style shoelace tie, complained harshly about the ban. Was be anticipating a smokers' revolt? "No," he said calmly. "People will respect it. I'll do what I did at school. I'll smoke in the toilets.‖

According to the non-smoking law, individuals who smoke in bars, cafes, restaurants or clubs can be fined up to 450 euros. The owners of these places can be fined up to 750 euros if they fail to stop customers from smoking.

57. The law of banning smoking in public places was not made easily because _______.

A. France proudly resists establishing new laws

B. French people like their images with a cigar in their mouth

C. French people have had such a strong habit since World War II

D. smoking has become fashionable for Frenchmen lately

58. According to the passage, French President Nicolas Sarkozy _________.

A. pays a great deal of attention to his own public image

B. has been a heavy smoker in public eyes

C. strongly opposes the law of banning smoking

D. is a model in the hearts of French people

59. Which of the following is the first place in the world to ban indoor smoking at all public places?

A. Minnesota.

B. California.

C. France.

D. Britain.

60. It is implied in the passage that _________.

A. French people usually resist American trends

B. French people oppose the non-smoking law because it is too American

C. French people often follow American suits

D. French people respect the non-smoking law because it is from the US

61. By saying "I'11 do what I did at school", Jean-Michel means that _______.

A. he did not smoke when he was a school student

B. he had to smoke in the toilets when he was at school

C. he olden anticipated revolts when he was at school

19

D. smoking was not allowed in the toilets when he was at school

62. What is the main idea of tiffs passage?

A. It is difficult to establish new laws in France.

B. How the non-smoking law was established?

C. Non-smoking law is another American trend.

D. France finally accepts smoking ban.

Passage Three

It is the world's fourth-most-important food crop, after maize, wheat and rice. It provides more calories, more quickly, using less land and in a wider range of climates than any other plant. It is, of course, the potato.

The United Nations has declared 2008 the International Year of the Potato. It hopes that greater awareness of the merits of potatoes will contribute to the achievement of its Millennium Development Goals, by helping to reduce poverty and promote economic development. It is always the international year of this or month of that. But the potato's unusual history means it is well worth celebrating.

Unlikely though it seems, the potato promoted economic development by supporting the Industrial Revolution in England in the 19th century. It provided a cheap source of calories and was easy to cultivate, so it liberated workers from the land. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, as people there specialized in livestock farming and domestic industry, while farmers in the south concentrated on wheat production. By a happy accident, the concentrated industrial activity in the regions where coal was readily available, and a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role".

In the form of French fries, served alongside burgers and Coca-Cola, potatoes are now a symbol of globalization. This is quite a change given the skepticism which first greeted them on their arrival in the Old World in the 16th century. They were variously thought to be fit only for animals, to be associated with the devil or to be poisonous. They took hold in 18th-century Europe only when war and famine meant there was nothing else to eat; people then realized just how useful and reliable they were. As Adam Smith, one of the potato's many admirers, observed at the time, "The very general use which is made of potatoes in these kingdoms as food for man is a convincing proof that the prejudices of a nation, with regard to diet, however deeply rooted, are by no means unconquerable." Mashed, fried, boiled and roast, a humble potato changed the world, and people everywhere should celebrate it.

63. By making 2008 the Year of the Potato, the United Nations hopes that the potato could ________.

A. enrich people's daily food supply

B. be used to replace other food crops

C. help deal with environmental issues

D. he a solution to some economic problems

64. Paragraph 3 mainly describes _________.

A. why the potato became popular in the north of England

B. why the potato was important in England's population growth

C. how the potato contributed to England's industrial development

D. how the potato helped improve England's working conditions

65. Friedrich Engels's words show that he ________.

A. thought highly of the potato

B. took the potato too seriously

C. underestimated the role of the potato

D. lacked the basic knowledge of the potato

66. Europeans began to eat potatoes in the 18th century because _________.

A. there was a serious food shortage

B. they realized that potatoes tasted good

C. food safety had been greatly improved

D. eating potatoes had become fashionable

67. What Adam Smith said could be used to demonstrate the potato's _________.

A. general use

B. main features

C. success story

D. bright future

68. The best title for the passage is __________.

A. 2008-- the Potato's New Mission

B. In Praise of the Potato

C. The History of the Potato

D. The Potato and Globalization

Passage Four

You need a new vacuum cleaner. Several are on display—different features—but there are no clerks to be found. Finally a guy in a store vest slips past. You begin to ask questions, but he knows even less about vacuum cleaners than you do.

Robert Odom, shopping at the Southcenter Mall near Seattle, finds ―it‘s harder to get waited on now. many stores have one person covering a tremendous area. You‘ve got to go looking to find a clerk.‖

Retailing is big business in the United States. Every day, billions of transactions take place in the nation‘s 1.4 million stores. Inventive technology speeds a staggering $2.5-trillion-a-year flow of purchases. But why do those bad encounters with salespeople continue to bother us so?

When Yankelovich Partners asked 2500 shoppers what was "most important to you regarding customer service," people ranked courtesy, knowledgeability and friendliness at the top. Almost two out of three said that salespeople "don't care much about me or my needs.‖

The American Customer Satisfaction Index, developed in 1994 at the University of Michigan's National Quality Research

20

研究生学位英语翻译

0501 戒严与其说是个人的选择, 不如说是对自己毅力的考验, 因为人们普遍认为吸烟是上瘾的. 尽管专家的建议和药物疗法确实能增加永久戒严的可能性, 但是避免这种困境的最好的方法就是不要涉猎吸烟. 吸烟的负面影响在各个程度上是不同的, 它与吸烟的数量以及烟龄的长短, 还有开始吸烟的年龄有关. 这份报告向以下观点提出了质疑, 这种观点认为吸烟几年不会产生永久的危害性的后果. 我们希望阻止这种普遍的但是却是生死攸关的习惯, 并且提醒大家戒烟的时间越长, 和吸烟有关的健康问题就会大幅度地减少. It is increasingly realized that ( There is a growing realization /awareness that ) developing environment-protecting products really count. To fulfill the long-term and substantial development, developed countries should at all costs decrease the emission of greenhouse gases. If the speed of global warming nowadays continues, the probability of disappearance from the earth to such big cities as Tokyo and London will be 10 times as fast as that of 20 years ago. 0506 本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶.它基于以下观

研究生英语学位统考GET-Cloze-(2012-2015)

GET Cloze 2012/6 “ A better, richer and happier life for all our citizens.” That's the American 41. In practice, it means living in a spacious, air-conditioned house, owning a car or three and maybe a boat or a holiday home, not to mention flying off to 42 destinations. The trouble 43 this lifestyle is that it consumes a lot of power. If everyone in the world started living like wealthy Americans, we 44 need to generate more than 10 times45 energy each year. And 46, in a century or three, we all expect to be47 by an army of robots and zoom up into space on holidays, we are going to need a vast amount more. Where are we going to get so much power from? It is clear that continuing to rely on 48 fuels will have catastrophic results, because of the dramatic warming effect of carbon dioxide. But alternative power sources will affect the climate too. For now, the climatic effects of "clean energy" sources are trivial 49 those that spew out greenhouse gases, but if we keep on using ever more power over the coming centuries, they will become ever more 50. 41.A.constitution B.dream C.history D.character 42.A.exotic B.patriotic C.supersonic D.alcoholic 43.A.on B.for C.at D.with 44.A.shall B.will C.should D.would 45.A.much more B.more than C.as much D.of more 46.A.if B.though C.while D.so 47.A.taken to B.attended to C.attached to D.submitted to 48.A.rock B.stone C.fossil D.diamond 49.A.according to B.based on C.such as https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca11575473.html,pared with 50.A.signified B.imperative C.indispensable D.negligible

非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程

非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程 考试大纲 (试行稿) 《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》(Non English Major Graduate Stu dent English Qualifying Test，简称GET)是根据《非英语专业研究生英语(第一外语)教学大纲(试行稿)》制定的。本大纲规定了硕士生英语学位课程通过考试的内容、形式、时间和计分。考试目的在于考核已修完研究生英语课程的学生是否达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求，以及实际掌握和运用英语的能力。 一、基础英语部分 本考试共有六个部分：听力理解(占15%)、词汇(占10%)、完形填空(占15%)、阅读理解(30%)、翻译(占20%)、写作(占10%)。分两份试卷：试卷一(Paperl)包括前四个部分，共80题；试卷二(Paper2)包括翻译和写作，共3题。全部题目按顺序统一编号。 第一部分听力理解(Part I Listening Comprehension)；听力理解部分主要测试考生掌握听力材料中心思想和主要内容的能力，判断对话情景、场合、人物关系、身份和说话人的意图及话语含义的能力。共15题，考试时间为15分钟左右。主要测试考生能否一遍听懂语速为每分钟120个词的对话和短文。本部分共有二节： A节(Section A)：共9题，每题为一段对话。问句后有15秒间隙，要求考生从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 B节(Section B)：共6题，题目或为问句或为未完成的句子，分别安排在2—3篇听力材料之后。要求考生在15秒的间隙中从所给出的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 第二部分词汇(Part I Vocabulary)：词汇部分主要测试考生运用词汇和短语的能力。测试教学大纲的词汇表、词组表及词根词缀表所覆盖的内容。着重测试研究生阶段所学的词和基础词的多种词性及词义搭配、易混词的区别及难词的认知。词汇与词组的比例为7∶3。共20题，分A、B两节，考试为10分钟。 A节(Section A)：共10题。每题为一英文句，句中有一词或固定词组下面划有横线，要求从所给的四个选择项中选出该划线词或词组的最佳同义词或最佳释义。 B节(Section B)：共10题。每题为一英文句，句子中有一个空白，要求从所给的四个选择项中选出最恰当的词或词组使该句成为逻辑合理、表达正确的英文句。 第三部分完形填空(Part III Cloze Test)：主要测试考生在语篇水平上的理解能力和实际运用语言的能力。测试内容可以是句型、结构，也可以是词汇、词组和习惯用语。共15题。考试时间为10分钟。测试的形式是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200—250词)

研究生学位英语23

考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 23 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Christopher: If I am not mistaken, your birthday is coming up. Has your brother sent you anything? Samuel: Not yet. _____________. A. He never forgets though. B. After all, he’ll buy something for me. C. I expect so D. No, I don’t like it. 2. Flora: What's the matter? Don't you like the soup? Carl: _________ Flora: Oh, I'm sorry about that. A. Yes, I'm crazy about it. B. Well, not very much, I'm afraid. C. I see. It's a little hot. D. No. I like it, actually.

2015年1月研究生英语学位课统考(GET)真题试卷

2015年1月研究生英语学位课统考（GET）真题试卷 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. VOCABULARY 3. CLOZE 4. READING COMPREHENSION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITING LISTENING COMPREHENSION Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 听力原文：W: What are you doing, Sam? M: I'm looking for a job through the classified ads in the paper. W: Have you tried networking? Q: What does the woman suggest the man do? 1． A．Try job agencies. B．Read newspaper ads. C．Receive extra training. D．Contact other people. 正确答案：D 解析：女士说：你在做什么，Sam?男士说：我正在看报纸的分类广告找工作。女士说：你没试试你的人脉圈?networking的意思是“通过社交活动获得的人际关系网”，所以女士的 建议是找认识的朋友帮助推荐工作。 听力原文：M: How much sleep do you usually get? W: About seven hours a night. But last night, I slept an extra half hour. Q: How much sleep did the woman get last night? 2． A．About six and a half hours. B．About seven and a half hours. C．About seven hours. D．About eight hours. 正确答案：B解析：男士说：你通常睡多长时间?女士说：每天晚上大概7小时。但是昨天晚上我多睡了半小时。an extra half hour指的是在每天7小时的基础上多睡了半小时，就是7个半小时。听力原文：W: The house price this year is so high. I cannot even afford to rent a one-bedroom flat. M: Now I know how to become a millionaire. Purchase a three-bedroom flat in 1984 and wait patiently for 30 years. It's simple. Q: According to the man, how can one become a millionaire? 3． A．Live a simple life for 30 years. B．Rent a three-bedroom flat in 1984. C．Buy a three-bedroom flat in 1984. D．Save money for 30 years. 正确答案：C解析：女士说：今年的房价太高了。我甚至连一居室的公寓都租不起了。男士说：现 在我知道怎么成为百万富翁了。1984年买一套三居室的公寓，耐心等30年。就这么简单。男士的 意思是，在1984年买一套三居室公寓，然后等房价上涨，等上30年就能成为百万富翁了。 听力原文：W: Hey, Joe. Did you read this chart? M: No, what is it about?

2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题

2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题 PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each) Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. 1. A. Beauty has advantages and disadvantages. B. Beauty has different meanings to different people. C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities. D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities. 2. A. She is using the book now. B. She may give him a hand. C. She cannot lend him the book. D. She will keep the book for him. 3. A. Rachel lives fairly close to her. B. Rachel visits her quite often. C. Rachel comes here once a month. D. Rachel rarely gets to see her. 4. A. She forgot about the time change. B. She didn’t receive the text message. C. Her roommate forgot to give her the message. D. Her roommate was too nervous to tell her. 5. A. He should have got better grades. B. The test was based on lecture material. C. She misplaced her textbook. D. Small luck plays a big role. 6. A. On the 16th of June. B. On the 18th of June. C. On the 9th of June. D. On the 8th of June. 7. A. Go to sleep. B. Watch the movie later.

研究生学位(中英文对照)

授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录（中英文对照） (资料来源:国务院学位委员会办公室、教育部研究生工作办公室编.授予博士硕士学位和培养研究生的 学科专业简介.北京:高等教育出版社，1999年.) 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 01 哲学 Philosophy 0101 哲学 Philosophy 010101 马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism 010102 中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy 010103 外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies 010104 逻辑学 Logic 010105 伦理学 Ethics 010106 美学 Aesthetics 010107 宗教学 Science of Religion 010108 科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology 02 经济学 Economics 0201 理论经济学 Theoretical Economics 020101 政治经济学 Political Economy 020102 经济思想史 History of Economic Thought 020103 经济史 History of Economic 020104 西方经济学 Western Economics 020105 世界经济 World Economics 020106 人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 0202 应用经济学 Applied Economics 020201 国民经济学 National Economics 020202 区域经济学 Regional Economics 020203 财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation) 020204 金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)

关于2016年硕士研究生英语学位课程

关于2016年硕士研究生英语学位课程 水平考试的通知 各有关学院： 根据《云南农业大学非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程水平考试 管理办法（试行）》（校办发[2005]45号），学校定于2016 年5月21日(星期六)上午9:00—11:30举行硕士研究生英语学位课程水 平考试。现将有关事项通知如下： 一、考试内容 本考试共有六个部分：听力理解（占20%）、词汇（占10%）、完形填 空（占10%）、阅读理解（占30%）、翻译（占20%）、写作（占10%）。 试卷分两份：试卷一 (Paper 1) 包括前四个部分，共80---90题； 试卷二 (Paper 2) 包括翻译和写作，共三题。 二、考试对象 1. 未通过硕士学位英语水平考试的在校全日制硕士研究生(含全日 制硕士专业学位研究生)； 2. 2012级毕业后未通过硕士学位英语水平考试的全日制硕士研究 生。 三、报名程序 1. 网上报名。参加硕士学位英语水平考试的硕士研究生，必须登录 云南农业大学研究生教务管理系统进行网上报名。学生登录研究生教务 管理系统， 点击“学期选课”→“选课申请”→“公共课选课”→“学位英语考试” →“选定”完成报名。网上报名时间为2016年4月23日—5月12日。 2. 请各学院研究生教学秘书通知本院所有未通过硕士学位英语水

平考试的研究生，务必在规定时间报名，逾期教务系统关闭不再受理补报。 四、学位英语免考 1．按照《云南农业大学关于印发研究生第一外语课程学习规定的通知》（校政发［2008］16号），大学英语六级考试成绩达425分及其以上，或研究生招生入学考试成绩在70分以上，可申请免考学位英语水平考试。 2．已提交过学位英语免考申请且获得免考资格的同学不需在网上报名，未提供英语六级证书原件的同学请尽快持证书原件和复印件到培养科审核，否则不予登记成绩。 3．已通过英语六级考试但未办理过学位英语免考手续的同学填写《云南农业大学第一外语免修申请》，于2016年5月12日前持证书原件和复印件到培养科办理免考手续，不需在网上报名。 五、考试地点另行通知。 云南农业大学研究生处 2016年4月19日

同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试高频词汇

同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试高频词汇 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ca11575473.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

同等学力申请硕士学位英语考试高频词汇. 1. a little 2. abolish 3. about 4. abuse 5. acceptable 6. access 7. accident 8. accidentally 9. accomplish 10. accordingly 11. account for 12. account to 13. account 14. accumulate 15. accuse 16. accustom 17. acknowledge 18. acknowledgment 19. acquaint 20. acquire 21. across 22. act 23. adapt 24. adopt 25. advantage 26. advertisement 27. advise 28. advocate 29. affect 30. alarm like 31. alive 32. alternatively 33. amid 34. amount to 35. amusement 36. anticipation 37. anxiety 38. anxious 39. appeal 40. appearance 41. applicable 42. apply 43. appoint 44. approve 45. arouse 46. arrange 47. ascertain 48. asset 49. assign 50. assistance 51. associate 52. assure 53. attach 54. attitude 55. attribute 56. audible 57. avail 58. available 59. average 60. award 61. awareness 62. beating 63. be bound to 64. because of 65. believe 66. beneficial 67. benefit 68. better than 69. blend 70. bravely 71. by means of 72. calm 73. care about 74. care for 75. career 76. carefully 77. celebration 78. center 79. certainly 80. charge 81. cheat 82. chronic 83. circulation 84. circumstance 85. classify 86. clear 87. clue 88. collapse 89. collection 90. collective 91. collect 92. combination 93. come along

研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷

研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(一) (模拟试卷的听力部分没有编辑录音) Non-English Major Graduate Student English (Model) Qualifying Test 请查看答案 II. V ocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each) Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. 16. The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from. a frightening b general c lou d d indistinct 17. The clerk had to break off the conversation in order to await on a customer. a interrupt b hurry c continue d begin 18. The new tax law is explicit; that type of certificate is tax exempt. a definite b deficient c harsh d imprecise 19. Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team. a envy b respect c trust d pursue 20. His winning the award was the highest attainment of his career. a desire b spectacle c achievement d joy 21. He was able to mend the cup and saucer. a wash b repair c decorate d mold 22. It is ridiculous to become angry with such an insignificant matter. a sinful b tragic c absur d d unpardonable 23. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard for miles. a shouted b cheered c grew d scattered 24. The flowers will wither in a few hours. a blossom b dry up c open d revive 25. The automobile's exhaust system gave off foul smelling fumes. a attracted b neutralized c emitte d d condensed Section B (0.5 point each) Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence. 26. Unless all staff members agree to _____ to the plan, there may be further changes in the course of action. a infer b prefer c adhere d assure 27. It is hard to reconcile his splendid speech _____ his actual behavior. a to b with c on d from 28. Advertisements may arouse a strong wish for something; how the need is filled will probably be ______ the individual. a on to b up to c as to d down to 29. ______ I like very much to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students' papers and theses. a As far as b So far c Much as d In so far as 30. We all argued with him not to sign the contract with that company, but _____. a to no purpose b to good purpose c on the spot d in good shape 31. Plato's teachings had a profound _____ on Aristotle. a effect b affect c affectation d take 32. The professor tried to _____ interest in archaeology by taking his students on expedition. a encourage b stimulate c diminish d take 33. He is among those lucky Chinese students who have won_____ to first -rate U.S. universities. a permission b profession c admittance d admission 34. Probability is the mathematical study of the_____ of an event's occurrence. a likelihood b desirability c predictability d malleability 35. Under the director-responsibility system, the party secretary's task is to fully support the director in his work and ______ the Party's policies are observed and State quota met. a to see to b see to it c see to it that d to se e to it III. Close Test (15 minutes, 10 points) Directions: Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet. A democratic country is obliged to give some thought to the question of who is allowed to vote. In Britain, the ..36.. is extended to all people over the age of

研究生学位英语(GET)2002-2013真题翻译(附答案)

2002年1月 Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few y ears, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It’s inherent in the type of business.” In many corners of Silicon Valley----and elsewhere ----unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business”, a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations. 对于一个公司产品的准确预测取决于该公司产品的知名度。对于许多硅谷人来说，这一点令人感到无可奈何。成长呈急剧上升趋势的新兴产业对其产品在最初几年的出色表现几乎总是惊讶不已，随后，当产品需求下降时他们又会感到手足无措。斯坦福大学的一位商业策略教授说：“在一个充满活力和变数的市场，人们是会犯错误的。这是由市场的内在本质所决定的。” 在硅谷的许多地方，以及在其他的地方，不可预测性是无法避免的。解决之道是：不断创新，但同时又要开发出优良的服务项目与产品一道出售。一位公司总裁说，“出色的服务”会抹平新产品换代过程中出现的不足。 2002年6月 The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people. The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish. 在上海的与会各国都意识到了目前的危机。如果现在不制止恐怖主义，每个文明国家在将来的某个时候都会成为恐怖主义者的袭击目标。我们将通过摧毁任何地方的恐怖主义网络来打败他们。同时，我们也将

研究生学位英语必背作文模版(强力推荐)

研究生学位英语必背模版 一、学位英语必背句型 1.as is known /as it is known to all …众所周知 2.with the pace of modern life increasing….随着现代生活步伐的加快 3.with the development of modern society…随着现代社会的 4.personally I’m in favor of the former/latter view…我个人偏向于前/后一种观点 5. there is no doubt that…勿容质疑 6.however everything has two sides…任何事物都具有两方面 7.as a Chinese saying goes…正如中国的一句谚语所说 8.the same is the case with sth…也不例外 9.in the appraisal of …在。。。的评价中 11. according to …there are at least three good reasons…firstly secondly…thirdly….列举的用法 12. In my opinion, in the appraisal of …it is one-sided to affirm everything or to negate everything. We should appreciate the great contribution made by them, and at the same time pay enough attention to the problems caused by them。 我认为，在对….的评价中，完全的肯定任何事情和否认任何事情都是片面的。我们在欣赏到他们做出的巨大的贡献的同时也要更加注意他们带来的问题。 二、学位英语作文速成模板 1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1.有一些人认为…… 2.另一些人认为…… 3.我的看法……

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题

2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题 Part II. Vocabulary ( 10minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5point each) 21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovation, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up. A investment B resource C inspiration D stimulus 22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions. A bewildering B exasperating C dismaying D upsetting. 23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography. A all at once B by and by C to some extent D on the whole 24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences. A optimistic B anxious C uncertain D scared. 25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents’ wishes. A enhanced B revised C alternated D modified 26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery. A arisen from B contributed to C patched up D participated in 27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed. A resigned B compromised C persisted D dominated 28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural. A inclined B struggled C argued D competed. 29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company. A on occasion B at present C by now D for sure 30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims’families. A briefly B quickly C accurately D earnestly Section B (0.5point each) 31. New York probably has the largest number of different language ___in the world. A neighborhoods B communities C clusters D assemblies 32. Nuclear waste are considered to ___ a threat to human health and marine life. A compose B impose C expose D pose 33. Some states in the US have set ___ standards concerning math and science. A energetic B vigorous C rigorous D grave 34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___. A presentation B instruction C conviction D obligation 35. Because of ___ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other. A incomprehensible B incomparable C inconceivable D incompatible 36. As ___China and other emerging export powers, efforts to strengthen anti-corruption activities are gaining momentum. A in the light of B in the event of C in the case of D in the course of 37. According to an Australian research , moderate drinkers ___ better thinkers than heavy drinkers or those who never drink.