初中英语阅读讲义
第一节：题型概说
阅读理解是考查学生通过阅读短文获取信息、解决问题的能力，是郑州市中考试题的“重中之重”。
初中学业考试要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告和广告等，主要考查学生在阅读过程中获取和处理信息的能力及对阅读策略的掌握情况。即：主要考查以下几种阅读的微技能：
（1）理解主旨和要义；（主旨大意题）
（2）理解所读材料的具体信息；（细节理解题）
（3）根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词或词组的含义；（词义猜测题）
（4）做出简单的判断和推理；（推理判断题）
（5）理解文段中各句子之间的逻辑关系；（推理判断题）
（6）理解作者的意图和态度。（推理判断题）
第二节：解题步骤
1.略读全文，抓大意
1）短文首段，一般是文章的主旨段
2）通过每段首句或末句快速抓住每段大意
3）略读全文掌握短文的主要信息
4）速读题目，标出每题题干的核心问题
2.查读细节，做记号
1）在相关段落或句子中理解文章的细节
2）边读边用铅笔做记号，准确定位有效细节
3.认真斟酌，悟含义
1）透过表面语句，领会深层含义
2）对于结构复杂的长难句，要进行句法分析
3）找出支持答案的信息
4）运用逻辑思维确定答案
4.快速复读，验答案
1）验证答案，运用全脑思维（英语知识、生活常识、做题经验、逻辑思维等），结合所画的做题依据，仔细思考，尽量减少错误和疏漏
2）如果每道题，你在平时练习和考试中都能明确讲出这道题为什么选择A，又为什么不选择B\C\D，那么每篇文章的每道2分题就有谱了！
5.
第三节：策略指导
一、细节理解题
细节理解题又叫事实细节题，是中考阅读题中最常考的题型之一，考查学生理解所读材料的具体信息。
1.提问方式：
(1) 5W1H（when\where\what\ who\why+how开头的疑问句）
(2) If Michael wants to enjoy seafood, he may call______ for more information.
(3) from the passage/the first paragraph, we can learn/ know that ______.
What can we learn from the first paragraph?
(4) You can do the following EXCEPT______
(5) According to the passage/ the third paragraph, which one is RIGHT.
2、细节理解题选项特点
◆正确选项特点：
(1) 查找原句
正确选项可以在文章中直接找到答案
(2) 细节加工处理
正确选项不会与文章中的句子一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。
(3) 细节的提取合成
正确选项是由文章中2-3个句子连续推导或者合并而成。
◆干扰选项的特点：
(1) 张冠李戴
干扰项偷换主语或者将作者观点与其他人观点混淆起来
(2) 偷梁换柱
干扰项偷换动词或者在程度、范围上有些变动，导致改变原文句意
(3) 以偏概全
干扰项与文章内容部分相符，但以点代面、以偏概全
(4) 无中生有
干扰项本身是正确的，但与题干问题毫不相干
(5) 似是而非
干扰项似乎有一定道理，但在原文中没有相关支持信息
2、例题分析
例题（1）A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t li ke their
neighbors very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors hardly pay attention to other’s feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and
10% don’t even know their names. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to move because they don’t get along well with the ir neighbors.
文章后面有这样一道题：How many percent of people never talk to their neighbors?
A. 80%
B. 25%
C. 10%
D. 90%
解析：根据该段中的句子“25% don’t talk to the people who li ve next door”可以知道正确答案为B。“the people who live next door”指的就是neighbors，题目正是用了不同的词语或单词来代替文章中的原句，属于对细节的加工处理。
例题（2）The biggest challenge now is to find ways to bring the satellites back to the earth after a year or two. Otherwise, major highways of space junk could gradually increase as CubeSats become more common.
60. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. CubeSats could possible cause pollution in space.
B. A few kids will send applications for the project.
C. Scientists designed CubeSats for the kid to play with
D. Students can’t design satellites without college education.
解析：此题考查的是细节事实题，这道题是单词的同义转换，问题当中用的是“junk”垃圾这个单词，答案中用的是“pollution”污染这个词，虽然形式不一样，但是却表达的是一个意思，属于对细节的加工处理。
例题（3）When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your month with the full part of your hand.And then, you shoul d say, “Excuse me”.
51.When you cough or sneeze, you should _______
A. touch everything
B. cover your mouth
C. point out to the kids
D. pass the germs to others
解析：此题较简单我们可以直接从原文中找出答案，答案只是对原文进行了同义转述，属于对细节的加工处理。
例题（4）文章见练习册118页。
1.How many people played e-sports in Asia-pacific in 2018?
A.About 165 million
B.About 87.5 million
C.About 29.7 million
2.Who won the 2018 LOL World championship?
A.a Chinese club
B.a European club
C.an American club
解析：此题答案属于对细节的合成提取。
二、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章的整体把握及理解程度，一般要求学生通读全文后再作答。
1.提问方式：
(1) The passage is mainly about ________.
(2) The writer wants to tell us__________.
(3) The main idea of the passage is________.
(4) Which is the best title of the passage?
(5) this passage may be a report/ notice/ poster/ website
(6) this passage is from a newspaper/ magazine/ novel/ journal/ diary…
2.解题技巧：
（1）先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。
（2）再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。寻找文章主旨大意的方法有如下几种：
○1找主题句：
A.首尾段，首尾句。
B.首段出现疑问句或设问句时，对该问题的解答就是主旨大意。
C.段落中出现转折句时，该句很可能是主题句。
○2找反复出现的单词
○3找重复出现同一意思的词，即作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨。
○4这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做。
3. 例题分析
1．主题句定位法：通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。
主题句呈现的方式：
例题(1)开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。
In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social(社交的)progress and prosperity(幸运; 顺利). Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship(关系, 联系)between people.
题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f3220940.html,petition helps to set up self-respect.
B.Opinions about competition are different among people.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f3220940.html,petition is harmful to personal quality development.
D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.
例题(2)藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make teleph one calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. What’s more, w e can go to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music,
watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
题目：What’s the main idea of the passage？
A. Keep away from the Internet.
B. Surf the net.
C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.
D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet.
例题(3)首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
Lacrosse (曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is…
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
题目：The passage is mainly about .
A. How to Play Lacrosse
B. Lacrosse in Canada
C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
例题(4)抛砖引玉式：文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。
How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural（不自然的, 反常的）environments－mostly for entertainment purposes－is fair and respectful（尊重他人的）？
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections”of interesting “things”rather than protective habitats (栖息地). …
Zoos claim (声称) to educate people and save endangered species (物种), but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty….
…
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
题目：What does the author try to argue(表明) in the passage？
A.Zoos are not worth the public support.
B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.
C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings.
D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.
例题(5) 藏龙卧虎式：即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。
Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed(无武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade (贸易), 商业
in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
题目：The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. where handshaking was first practiced
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
2．选择最好的标题——选帽原则：像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。
标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。
例题(6)
He wishes the holiday season would end already. His back aches, his red suit feels like a spacesuit, his cheeks（脸颊）have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours …
The questions from children these days are harder than ever. Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable. For example, “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？”
Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控)…
题目：What would be the best title for the passage？
A．Christmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas
B．Is Santa Claus Really Alive？
C．A Christmas Story
D．What Does Santa Claus Do for Children？
三.推理判断题。
推理判断题是阅读理解题中难度较大的一类题。解决这类题时不仅要弄懂文章的字面意思,还必须要读懂字里行间隐藏的深层意思,通过作者的所给的提示结合文章进行归纳、综合分析，做出合理的推理判断。此外,所做出的推理必须忠于原文,不能随意主观推断.
1、提问方式：
（1）What can we infer(推断) from the second paragraph?
（2）What will most probably happen at the end of the story?
……
2、干扰项特点：
（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把文章原句当做间接推理；
（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，如因果倒置等；
（3）根据考生已有的常识是正确的，但却不是基于文章内容，一切应以文章为准；
（4）推理过头，引申过度，相关表达绝对化。
3、例题分析:
例题（1）In this study,Cohen's team interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews ,the people told researchers about the happy or sad feelings they had that day.
After the two weeks,the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room
for six days.
The results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill.But for people who said they feel happy during the research peroid , theie illness were less serious and lasted of
a shorter time.（出自2010年广州市中考阅读理解B篇）
51、Which of the following was NOT a part of the study?
A.People talked about their feeling every day.
B.People were kept alone for six days.
C.People were given colds by doctors.
D.People were made to feel happy.
解析：题目是问哪个内容不是研究中的项目。根据原文中的“...the people told researchers about the happy or sad feelings they had that day.”和“the people were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.”得出选项ABC 都是符合原文意思的，而选项D与原文无关，因此该题答案应为D。
例题（2）（2011?河南省中考A）
When my son, Mark, was in the third grade, he saved all his pocket money for over three months to buy holiday presents. The third Saturday in December Mark said he had made his list and had twenty dollars in his pocket.
I drove him to a nearby supermarket. Mark picked up a hand basket and went in while I waited and watched in the car. It took Mark over 45 minutes to choose his presents. Finally he came to the checkout counter (交款处) and reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money. Mark stood there holding his basket, tears falling down his face.
Then a surprising thing happened. A woman came up to Mark and took him in her arms. "You would help me a lot if you let me pay for you," said the woman. "It would be the most wonderful gift you could give me. I only ask that one day you will pass it on. When you grow up, I would like you to find someone you can help. When you help others, 1 know you will feel as good about it as I do now."
Mark took the money, dried his tears and ran back to the checkout counter as fast as he could. That year we all enjoyed our gifts almost as much as Mark enjoyed giving them to us.
I would like to say '"thank you" to that very kind woman, and tell her that four years later, Mark went house to house collecting blankets (毯子) and clothes for the homeless people in the fire. And I want to promise her that Mark will never forget to keep passing it on.
48. What happened to Mark in the supermarket?
A. His gifts were stolen.
B. He broke his basket.
C. He lost his money.
D. He lost his way.
49. Why did the writer want to say '’t hank you" to the woman?
A. Because she bought Mark a nice present.
B. Because she always paid money for others.
C. Because she collected clothes for the homeless.
D. Because she taught Mark to help people in need.
解析：48. 答案：C。根据文章中“reached into his pocket for his money. It was not there! There was a hole in his pocket, but no money.”可知Mark把钱给丢了。
49. 答案：D。从文章中的最后一段可知，Mark在接受了那位妇女的帮助之后，努力地帮助那些需
要帮帮助的人。
Tips：对于不能够从原文中直接找到答案推断题，要注意
1、以原文为依据，不掺杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。
要克服“我认为…怎么样”的观点。
2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。答案不选对的，
只选最好的。比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的
3、注意绝对化的词。
如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。
4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。
尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。
5、“傻瓜”原则。
文章中没有提到的就当作不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。
四.猜测词义题
猜测词义题是要求学生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或者短语的准确含义。
其出题形式为：生词生义；熟词生义；代词词义
1、猜测词义题的主要提问方式是：
（1）The word “…”in the passage probably means______.
（2）The underlined expression “…”is closest in the meaning to“________”.
（3）The underlined word “it/ they”（Paragraph 6）refers to “______”.
2、例题分析
例题（一）根据定义或解释猜测词义
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….
Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”
John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.
A. makes everyone know a secret
B. the woman bout a cat
C. buys a cat in the bag
D. sells the cat in the bag
解析：在这篇文章里，“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语，但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释，我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
例题（二）根据情景和逻辑进行判断
As they go around town, the police help people. Sometimes they find lost children. They take the children home. If the police see a fight, they put an end to it right away. Sometimes people will ask the police how to get to a place in town. The police can always tell the people which way to go. They know all the streets and roads well.
In the text, “put an end to” means “______”.
A. stop
B. cut
C. kill
D. fly
解析：根据文章所提供的情景，如果警察看到有人在打架，他们肯定会去制止。因为制止打架斗殴是警察的职责。根据这一推理，答案应该是A。
例题（三）根据并列或同位关系猜测词义
There is a place on our earth where hot water and steam come up under the ground. It is on a large island in the Pacific Ocean. The island is North Island in New Zealand.
What does the word “steam” mean in Chinese?
A.自来水
B.大气
C.冰川
D.蒸汽
解析：从语法上看，steam和hot water是并列关系，我们就以断定这两种东西是相关的，是同一类物质。在所给第四个选项中只有“蒸汽”有这种可能。
例题（四）根据背景和常识判断
The following morning when I went to see how my captive (caged) bird was doing, I discovered it on the floor of the cage, dead. I was terribly surprised! What had happened! I had taken extremely care of my little bird. Arthur Wayne, the famous ornithologist, who happened to be visiting my father at the time, hearing me crying over the death of my bir d, explained what had happened. “A mother mockingbird, finding her young in a cage, will sometimes bring it poison berries(毒莓). She thinks it better for her young to die than to live in captivity.”
An ornithologist is probably a person who ______.
A. studies birds
B. loves creatures
C. majors in habits
D. takes care of trees
解析：Ornithologist 这个词从来没有见到过，但是通过他的语言我们可以判断出这是一个对鸟很有研究的人。我很爱鸟，把鸟装在笼子里，并细心照料，而且鸟的母亲也飞过来喂这只鸟，但这只鸟却死了，我很不理解。到我家来的这个人给我详细解释了鸟死的原因，说明这个人非常懂鸟。据此，我们可以断定答案影视A。
例题（五）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推理
But one thing was important to Sparky — drawing,He was proud of his artwork.In senior high school ,he sent some cartoons to the editors of the yearbook but he was turned down.Sparky was hurt. But he didn't lose hope because he believed in his ability.He decided to become a professional artist.（出自2011年白云区一模B篇）
The underlined words“turned down”（in paragraph 4）most probably mean “__________”
A. hired
B. chosen
C. refused
D. Accepted
解析：根据文章所提供上文内容“he sent some cartoons to the editors of the yearbook”，以及下文内容“Sparky was hurt. Bu t he didn't lose hope because he believed in his ability”，从中判断turn down 的含义是“拒绝”。答案应该是C。
例题（六）运用构词法进行猜测
如：The colors of Hawaii in summer are unforgettable.
forget意为“忘记”，un为否定前缀，因此unforgettable就是“令人难忘”之意。
前缀或后缀-ful（形容词后缀）, -less（无，没有，构成形容词）, -ly（副词后缀）, un-（不，非,未）,dis-（相反，否定）re-(重新)
appear disappear, agree disagree, tie untie, happy unhappy,
careful, careless, hope hopeless, comfortable uncomfortable
阅读理解整体分析 选材 ①阅读材料通常在150~250词之间 ②选材广泛,具有浓厚的时代气息 ③阅读语段生动活泼,语句富子变化 命题原则 ①要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念; ②要求考生既能理解文章的表层意思,也能理解文章的深层含义; ③要求考生既能理解某句、某段的意思,也能理解全篇的逻辑关系; 中考阅读理解的应试策略 在解答阅读理解题时,要根据如下步骤进行解题。 1.浏览问题明确要求 先了解文章后面所要解决的问题再去看文章,能使思路更加清晰,做到心中有数。 2.略读全文,了解梗概 略读就是在尽可能短的时间内把握文章或段落的内容,略读时要特别注意主题。 3.通读寻读猎取信息 寻读时可把与答题无关的内容一扫而过,而与答题有关的重要信息要认真读。 4逐条分析,对号入座 即把寻读时所获得的信息与答题要求结合起来,逐条进行分析,对号人座。 5.复读全文,验证答案 再次仔细阅读全文,进一步加深对文章的理解,核实所选内容是否正确。 阅读理解不同题型解题技巧 基于不同的考查目的,阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主且大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”,不同的考查目的,会有不同的设题特点可使用不同的解题技巧。 一、细节理解题解题技巧 细节理解题主要是考查who, what, which, when, where等文章细节些细节理解题比较简单,只需浏览文中所叙述的事实或细节,就可以作答。 但一些细节理解题则需要通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语的理解能力,对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。这些题的难度较大解答细节理解题时,要先看题于,然后带着问题读文章。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,加强阅读的针对性提高做题的准确率, 1.语义转换题一跳读查找法。语义转换题通常考查对某句话或某几包话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子,然后进行比较和分析,并确定最佳答案运用跳读查找法时,要特别注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换,如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等 2.生活应用题一常识理解法。生活应用题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候,一些常识性判断题,甚至只看题干,就可选出最佳答案。 3.细节排序题一首尾定位法。这种试题要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序,做此类题时可采用“首尾定位第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案 4.寻找值息题一干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等,做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,直采用“题干定位法,根据题干要求,直接从表格中查找相关信息
【英语】中考英语阅读理解经典题型带答案 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 A Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here are some suggestions for you to bridge generation gap（代沟）. Don't argue with your parents. Don't get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them You can't express（表达）yourself well if you are angry. Go to some place to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise （和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree（有分歧） on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a car. They argued over it, but finally they came to a compromise. Michael bought the car, but only drove it on certain days. Of course your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect （尊敬） to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try. （1）From the passage we know_______ have a communication problem. A. parents and children of all ages B. children and other people C. parents and their school children D. teachers and their students （2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap? A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 （3）The underlined phrase "cool off" in the passage means_______. A. make yourself happy B. make yourself quiet and relaxed C. become angry D. go away （4）If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you'd better_______. A. argue with them B. keep away from them
中考英语阅读理解难题及答案（word）1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
【英语】中考英语阅读理解真题经典1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容出选择正确答案。 B Do you want to live a happier, less stressful life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how thousands of people start their day at Laughter （笑声）Clubs around the world and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy. The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria. "Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day," says Dr. Kataria. "Everyone is naturally good at laughing-it's the universal language. We want people to feel happy with their lives." There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over l,300 in the world. Many doctors are also interested in the effects （效果） of laughter on our health. According to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California, with laughing there is less stress in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%. So what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest, I wasn't interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say “ho ho ho, ha ha ha.” while looking at each other. However, our bodies can't tell the difference between real laughter and unreal laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects. Surprisingly, it worked! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real and some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed-and comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results! （1）The first Laughter Club was started in __________. A. India B. America C. Britain D. China （2）How many Laughter Clubs are there in the world today? A. Over 300. B. Over 500. C. Over 800. D. Over l,300. （3）How did the writer feel at the beginning of the class? A. Surprised. B. Pleased C. Nervous. D. Tired. （4）When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real? A. After ten minutes. B. After ten hours. C. After ten seconds. D. After ten days.（5）The article mainly tells us __________.
中考英语阅读理解练习题（word）1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 （一）主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 （二）细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 （三）推断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 （四）猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 （五）正误判断题 正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。初中英语阅读理解题已成为评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在中考英语试卷中所占比重较大。阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说，阅读理解题主要针对如下方面：（1）个别词语或句子；（2）某一细节或情节；（3）主题；（4）背景知识；（5）结论或结局；（6）内涵隐意或寓意等。下面本人就根据阅读理解题的题型特点，来谈一些答题技巧。 一、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：
中考英语阅读理解专项复习经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
【英语】中考英语阅读理解测试题及答案经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Radio and television are very popular in the world today. Millions of people watch TV. Perhaps more people listen to the radio. The TV, of course, is more useful than the radio. On TV you can see and hear what is happening in the world. Now the radio is not disappearing. It's still with us. And the number of listeners is becoming larger. One reason for this is the invention of the transistor（晶体管）radio. The transistor radio is sometimes very small. It is very easy to carry. You can put one in your pocket and listen to it on the bus when you go to work. It is better for blind people. Many old people don't have good sight （视力）to watch TV. When people are working，they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio. What's more，the radio is much cheaper than the TV. （1）After the television was invented，people ____. A. think it is unnecessary to use the radio B. don't want to use the radio any more C. are still using the radio D. find the radio is disappearing （2）One of the reasons for the larger number of listeners of the radio is that ____. A. the TV was invented B. the transistor radio was invented C. people don't like watching TV D. millions of people watch TV （3）____ listen to the radio more because their sight isn't good enough. A. Children B. Young people C. Old people D. Adults （4）Usually ____ can be used easily while people are moving or working. A. the radio B. the TV C. both the TV and the radio D. neither the radio nor the TV 【答案】（1）C （2）B （3）C （4）A 【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述收音机和电视机在世界上的很受欢迎，电视与收音机比，电视更有用，然而收音机由于体积小便宜，便于携带，听众也越来越多，深受老年人喜爱。 （1）细节题。根据Perhaps more people listen to the radio.可知，电视发明后，人们依然使用收音机，故选C。 （2）细节题。根据One reason for this is the invention of the transistor（晶体管）radio. 可知，收音机听众的数量更多其中一个原因是晶体管收音机被发明，故选B。 （3）推断题。根据 Many old people don't have good sight（视力）to watch TV.可知，老年人由于视力不好听广播的人更多，故选C。 （4）细节题。根据When people are working，they can't watch TV but they can listen to music or news over the radio.可知，通常人们移动或者工作时可以听收音机，故选A。 【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题和推断题是阅读理解题中常考题型。细节题需要从文中寻
初三英语下学期中考英语阅读理解训练单元易错题难题测试综合卷学能测 试试题 一、中考英语阅读理解训练 1．阅读理解 It's a cold, grey Sunday afternoon in March. The British are all working in their gardens. They're digging, cutting leaves and planting new seeds（种子）. By summer, their gardens will be full of bright colors. The British love their gardens. A British newspaper recently asked people for their opinions about them. Around 70% of the people felt it was important to spend time in the garden, and over 50% of these described gardening as the most enjoyable thing they ever did. Only one in ten houses in Britain do not have a garden. People who live in houses without gardens often rent（租用） land from the government. At first, only very rich people had gardens. You can still see the gardens around houses with a long history, such as Chatsworth House or Castle Howard. In the early twentieth century, however, gardening became a hobby. People bought different kinds of seeds and plants for their gardens. Although roses, sunflowers and tomatoes are often grown in British gardens, they originally（起初） grew wild in other countries. Every year, there are competitions for the largest vegetables, but don't expect to win：Britain's biggest carrot is almost six metres long. （1）In summer, British gardens are often . A. covered with grey leaves and plants B. colorful with different plants C. too hot for people to work there D. full of people digging there （2）A recent survey showed that of the British felt it important to do some gardening. A. around 70% B. over 50% C. only 20% D. about 10% （3）We can infer from Paragraph 4 that . A. seeds were provided for free B. roses were first grown in Britain C. gardening is a hobby in the world D. the owner of Chatsworth House was rich （4）What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence? A. It is common to grow carrots. B. It is hard to win the competition. C. The carrot is much easier to grow. D. The carrot is their favorite vegetable. 【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）D （4）B