近义词辨析（动词）
abolish, cancel
abolish指取消或废除风俗、制度等；cancel指取消或废除已安排或决定的计划。例如：This bad custom has long been abolished. The game was can celled because of the rain.
accept, receive
accept作“接受”讲，是有意识的，强调“同意接受”，其行为由主语的主观意志所决定，因而是主动的；receive只意味着“收到”，其行为不决定于主语的主观意志，因而是被动的。例如：She received the gift from him, but she did not accept it. 她收到他的礼物，但她没有接受。
access, approach
approach指“接近”的动作；access指“接近”的自由或权利，对人而言可与其会面，对场所而言可自由出入。例如：As we approached the gate, I saw a man coming towards us. He is a man of difficult access.
add, add to, add…to, add up to
add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，作“补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。例如：If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water．如果茶太浓了，再加点开水。After a short while, he added that he would try his best．过了一会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。例如：The bad weather added to our difficulties．恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。add...to意为“把…加到…”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。例如：Add two to seven, and you will get nine．七加二等于九。add up to 意为“加起来总共是／累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。例如：All his school education added up to no more than one year．他的学校教育加起来不过一年。Last year, my total income, with my reward added to, added up to 15000yuan. 去年我的总收入，加上奖金，总计为一万五千元。
agree on, agree to, agree with, agree that
agree on作“就…取得一致意见”解。例如：The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month．上月，就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。agree to有两层含义和用法：其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。例如：My father agreed to buy a new pen for me．父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。其二是to为介词，之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如：They have a greed to our plan．他们已同意我们的计划。agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如：He agreed with my opinions．他同意了我的意见。We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。agree that作“认为…”解，其后跟宾语从句。例如：I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的这
篇作文写得不错。
allow, permit, let
allow, permit二者均可作“允许”解，但各有侧重：allow重在“允许”，“容许”，“听凭”，“不禁止”，含有消极的意味，也可表示客气的请求。permit指正式地“允许”或根据法律规定“许可”，比allow来得积极。例如：He allowed me to take his dictionary．他允许我拿走他的词典。Will you allow me to use your bike？我可以用你的自行车吗？let作“允许”或“让”解，主要用于口语，一般可与allow互换。作“允许”解时，常暗含“听任”、“默许”之意；作“让”解时，常含“祈使”或“建议”之意。注意：let之后作宾补的不定式不带to，且不可用于被动语态，而allow则相反。例如：Please let me walk with you（＝Please allow me to walk with you．）．我（请允许我）跟你一起走。注：allow/permit常用于allow/pwemit sb. to do sth．或allow doing sth．结构中。Hunting is allowed in this area, though not officially permitted. 这个地区是可以狩猎的，尽管法律上不允许。
answer, reply
answer及物动词；reply不及物动词，后接to，reply to the letter
argue, quarrel, discuss
这三个动词均有“争”的意思，但“争”法不同。argue着重就自己的看法或观点，提出论证，同他人“争论”或“辩论”。例如：We heard them arguing in the other room．我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。另外，argue同with搭配，其后接人；与about连用，其后接事物。例如：We argued with them about this problem for a long time．这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。quarrel是指对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”。同with 搭配，其后接某人；和about连用，其后接某事。例如：He often quarrels about their housework with his wife．他常为家务事同妻子争吵。discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论”。例如：We'll discuss the use of the articles tomorrow．明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。People generally quarrel because they cannot argue.人们通常因为不能辩论而争吵。
arrive, get, reach
arrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)；get不及物动词，后接to；reach及物动词，直接跟名词。例如：arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing
assert, affirm, maintain
assert宣称、断言，常指某人主观自信，坚持己见，有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论；affirm 指以事实为依据，深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法；maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前，重申原来的某种观点、立场。
attack, assail, assault, charge, beset
都含有“攻击”的意思。attack 是常用词, 指“攻击敌人”或“用言论攻击他人”，例如：Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。assail 指“猛烈连续地攻击”。例如：The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。assault语气比assail强，指“突然猛烈地进攻”，暗示“武力的直接接触”(如肉搏等)，也有“暴力”的意思，例如：The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进
攻。charge指“冲击”或“骑兵的突然攻击”，例如：The cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。beset 指“围攻”，即从各个方向攻击。例如：In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。
be about to, be going to, be to do
be to do sth．表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，后可跟时间状语。例如：Y ou're to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock．十点钟以前你得交上试卷。be about to do sth．表示最近即将发生的动作，通常不与时间状语连用。例如：I was about to go out when someone knocked at the door．我正要出去，这时有人敲门。be going to do sth．有三层含义：①表示打算、计划或决定要做某事。例如：We're going to spend our holidays in Wales this year．今年我们打算到威尔士度假。
②用以表示某事物即将发生或很可能发生。例如：I'm going to be twenty next month．下个月我就二十岁了。③有迹象表明即将发生的动作或状态。例如：Look at those black clouds, there is going to be a storm．瞧那些乌云，暴风雨就要来了。
be afraid to do sth, be afraid of doing sth
be afraid to do sth指害怕得没有勇气去做某事；be afraid be doing sth指担心会出现某种情况。例如：I’m afraid to catch cold. 我害怕感冒（因为感冒了很难受）。I’m afraid of catching cold. 我担心会感冒（可能衣服穿少了）。Mr. Black was afraid to climb the tree, for he was afraid of falling down from it.布莱克先生不敢爬树，因为他怕从树上掉下来。
be anxious for, be anxious about 等
be anxious for表示“渴望”，后面接名词或代词时，强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事；后面接sb. to do sth．时，表示“渴望某人能做某事”，其中for sb. to do sth．是不定式复合结构。be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”；be anxious that 表示“渴望”，后面接从句，that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。be anxious for; be anxious about; be anxious that...; be anxious to表示“急于”、“渴望”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形；be anxious for表示“渴望”，后面接名词或代词时，强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事；后面接sb．to do sth．时，表示“渴望某人能做某事”，其中for sb．to do sth．是不定式复合结构。be anxious about 表示“对…感到不安”、“为…担心”、“为…忧虑”；be anxious that表示“渴望”，后面接从句，that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。
be known as/for/to/in
be known as“作为…而著名”，其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如：Liu Huan is known as a singer．刘欢作为一个歌手而出名。We’re sure you’ll be well-known as an artist．我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。be known for“因...而著名”，其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如：Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers．桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。Mr Geldof is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day．盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而出名。be known to“为...所了解／知道”，其后接表示人的词语。“（人们都）知道”，其后接动词原形。如：He is known to all in our village．村子里的人都了解他。He was known to have invented many things. = It was known that he had invented many things. 人们都知道他已经发明了很多东西。be known in“在
某地很著名”。如：He is well-known in the town where he was born. 他在自己出生的那个镇子上很出名。
be made of, be made from, be made up of等
表示“由…制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化（属物理变化）。be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时，表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的”。当后面接指地点的名词时，表示“某地产某物”。be made from表示“由…制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，已无法复原（属化学变化）。be made by表示“由…制做”，后面接指人的名词或代词，强调动作的执行者。be made up of表示“由…构成/组成”，强调主语由两部分或两个以上的部分构成或组成。
be strict with, be strict in
前者指对人要求严格，后者指对事要求严格。例如：She is very strict not only with all of us, but in all her own work.她不仅对我们都很严格，对她自己的工作要求也很严格。
be sure of doing sth, be sure to do sth
前者是指自己一定…；后者指说话人认为某人一定…。例如：He is sure of winning the game.他一定能赢得比赛（他自己认为）。He is sure to win the game.说话人认为他能赢。
be tired of, be tired with/from
be tired of “厌烦…”；be tired with/from“因为…而累了”。例如：Y ou may be tired with reading, but you should not be tired of it. 看书可能使你疲劳，但不应该对看书感到厌烦。
beat, win, lose
win“赢，获胜”其宾语是游戏、活动等名词；beat“打败，胜过”的意思，其宾语是人或团体的名词；defeat“战胜，击败”的意思，常可与beat换用。例如：Our team won the match. 我们队赢得了比赛的胜利。I can easily beat him at golf. 打高尔夫我可以轻而易举地胜他。They defeated our team by three goals. 他们胜了我们三个球。He defeated all competitors.
beat, strike, hit
beat着重“连续地打击”。如殴打或体罚，也指“心跳”；hit指“打一下，打中”或“对准…来打”，也可指“碰撞，袭击”等；strike通常表示“一次有力的的打击”，还有“打动、使…着迷、某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义，也可指“打、擦出（火），（蛇、兽）抓，咬，或（钟）敲响”。例如：They beat him black and blue. My pulse beats normally. He hit me on the head. The truck hit a big tree. Why do you strike him? A bright idea suddenly struck me.
begin, start
用作“开始”和“出发”或“启程”讲，这两个动词几乎可以通用。例如：The little girl began/started to cry when she saw a dog coming to her. They began/started their journey from Chengdu. begin侧重时间，表示的动作性较弱，start所表示的动作性较强。在描写一种状态的开始，特别是较缓慢的开始时，多用begin，而在以行动来开始某一具体工作时，多用start。例外，用作不及物动词时，begin搭配at或on，start搭配from。比较：The Art Exhibition will begin on Monday. The Art Exhibition will start from Monday. 用作及物动词时，两者的宾语搭配也不全一样。比较：Let’s begin to work at once. (不说Let’s begin work at once.) Let’s start
work at once. (不说Let’s start to work at once.)
believe, believe in
believe作及物动词时，其后可跟名词，表示“相信”；后接从句或复合宾语时，表示“认为，料想，相信”等。例如：I believe what he says．我相信他的话。I believe that he will succeed．我相信他会成功的。believe in是短语动词，表示“信奉；信仰”（指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心）和“信任（have trust in）”。例如：They believe in God．他们信仰上帝。I believe in having plenty of exercise．我相信多锻炼有好处。believe和believe in 后均可接表示人的名词或代词，但含义不同。比较：I believe in him．我信任他。I believe him．（I believe what he says）．我相信他的话。
bring, take, carry, fetch
bring 拿来；take带走；fetch去拿来；carry随身携带。
build, put up, set up, found
build一般用语，建成；put up临时搭建；set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全）；found国家或组织机构的建成。
call at, call on
call at拜访某地；call on拜访某人。例如：I called at his house, but he wasn’t in. So I left a message telling him that I would call on him the next day. 我到他家拜访，可他不在家。所以我留下口信告诉他第二天再去拜访他。
catch a cold, have a cold
catch a cold不能和表示“一段时间”的状语连用，而have a cold可以。例如：She has had a cold for a week.
charge, accuse
两个词都可用作“指控”，“指责”解。charge通常用于正式文体，主语指法律上的，其宾语多为指控对象，指控原因或内容用with引起；accuse可用于各种文体，其宾语为指控对象，指控原因或内容用of引起。例如：He was charged with stealing. His neighbour accused him of playing his radio too loudly.
choose, choose from
choose表示“选择出来”，选择范围一般用choose from。例如：There are so many cakes for me to choose from that I can’t make up my mind which to choose.有那么多的蛋糕可供从中选择，我无法决定选择哪一个。
choose, select, elect
choose着重以主观的判断或意愿加以挑选；select则强调以客观标准仔细地比较区别后加以选择，含有“精选”的意思。此外，choose指在两个或两个以上的人或物中加以选择，select 指在两个以上的人或物中加以选择。elect表示“选举”的意思。We elect him monitor.
close, shut, turn off
close和shut当“关”解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off用于指有开关的物体
Close/Shut the door. Turn off the lights.
complete, accomplish, finish
complete比较正式，指经过努力完成未完的事情，强调完成某事的“结果”；accomplish指“成功地”某项工作；finish着重指圆满地结束已着手的事情，也含有认真细致地完成最后阶段的工作的意思。complete往往指积极性地“完成”，而finish则指消极性地“完成”。finish可跟动名词。例如：By spring they had completed the house and moved in. He always accomplished what he set out to do. Have you finished your homework?
concentrate, focus
concentrates所“集中”的东西可以是具体的或抽象的；focus所“集中”的东西一般是抽象的。例如：Y ou should concentrate/focus your attention on your work. The teacher has concentrate the students at the gateway.
continue, last
二者均为持续。continue主动，被动均可；last只能用主动。例如：The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.
die from, die of
die from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等；die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素。例如：He died of a heart attack. The soldier died from a wound in the breast.
discover, invent, find out
discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，find out发现，查明。例如：At last he found out the truth. Gibert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb.吉波特发现了电，然而是爱迪生发明了电灯。
divide, separate
divide把一个整体分成几部分；separate把相互连结、相互混杂或相互靠近的事物分开。例如：Mother divided the cake among the children. Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.
draw, drag, pull
draw指从容地“拉”、“拖”；drag指缓慢而艰难地“拉”、“拖”较重的东西；pull指一时或突然急速地“拉”。例如：She drew the curtain and let the sunshine into the room. He dragged his tired feet slowly along. He pulled the door open and rushed out.
drop, fall
drop可用作及物或不及物动词，fall常用作不及物动词。例如：Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.
escape, flee
escape强调逃跑后的结果；flee表示逃跑的行为本身，常含有惧怕的意思。例如：The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions, but few of them could escape.敌兵四处逃窜，但很少能逃出去。
expand, extend
两者都作“扩大，扩张”讲，前者指面积和体积，后者指范围。例如：Metal expands when it is heated.金属加热之后就膨胀。They wanted to extend their garden.他们想要扩大花园的园地。
feed, raise
feed喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)；raise饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children)raise the family。
fight, struggle, battle
fight指人与人，动物与动物，用武器或不用武器的战斗，也可引申其义；struggle指那些很费力，很艰苦，时间也较长的“斗争”；battle一般指有组织的武装部队之间的战争。
find, find out
I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it.我发现给孩子提建议的最好的办法是先弄明白他们想做什么，然后再建议他们去做什么。Find指一种客观结果，
fit, suit, match
两者都作“合身”讲，前者指衣服尺寸大小合乎身段；后者指衣服款式和花色适不适合；match“与…相配，与…相称”。例如：The shoes doesn't fit me. Have you got a large size? Do you think this style suits me? The carpet and the wall-paper match very well. This doesn’t match with your dress.
gather, collect
gather把分散的东西集中到一起；collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集。例如：collect stamps
go for/to a doctor
go for a doctor去请医生；go to a doctor去看病
go to sea, by sea, by the sea, on the sea, at sea, all at sea
go to sea当海员，去航海；by sea乘船，由海路；by the sea在海边；on the sea在海上，在船上；at sea在海上；all at sea茫然，不知所措。
grow, plant
grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去；plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物。例如：plant the trees, trees are growing
happen, occur, take place
三者都可作“发生”解，表示具体事情发生时，往往可以互换。Happen普通用语，表示具体事物的发生往往带有意外或偶然性；occur是正式用语，表示具体或抽象事物的发生，可以是意外的，也可以是意料或计划中；take place往往强调所发生的事物事前以有安排，因此常可作“举行”解。例如：A bad accident happened to that family. Don't let the mistake occur again. Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
happy, pleased, glad, cheerful, gay, joyful
happy高兴，幸福，可作定语或表语；pleased通常用于自己喜悦的场合，一般只作表语；glad 可与pleased换用，但glad语气较强，经常用作表语，用作定语时作“令人欢乐的”解；cheerful
通常指心情愉快，不易为外界情景所影响，强调乐观愉快天性的自然流露；gay指心境宽畅，无忧无虑；joyful指强烈的欣喜，含有兴高采烈的意味。例如：She is a happy girl. I'm glad to see you. I’m quite pleased to be working here. He is cheerful in spite of his illness. The children are happy and gay. We celebrated a joyful occasion.
help, aid, assist
help日常用语，口语中常用来代替aid或assist，多指积极而实际的具体帮助；aid正式用语，常指给予处于困难或危急状况的团体、国家的救援；assist强调“协助，辅助”的意义，其主语往往是它的宾语的助手和下属。
hire, let, rent
hire通常指短期租借；let作“租借”解通常指出租房屋、地产等；rent往往指较长期的租入或租出。例如：We want very much to hire this house. There is no vacant house to let here. Whom have they rented the house to?
hope, wish
表达愿望，可通用，只是前者所期待的事物其实现的可能性较大，宾语从句用陈述语气；后者实现的可能性较小，从句用虚拟语气。例如：I hope it is true. 我希望这是事实。(可能是事实) I wish it were true. 但愿这是事实。(可惜不是事实) I hope that you will come a little earlier. 希望你能早些来。(表示希望) I wish that you would come a little earlier. 盼望你能早些来。(提出要求)
hurt, injure, wound
hurt一般用语，可指肉体上的损伤也可指精神上的伤害；injure常指事故中受伤也指对身体的伤害；wound常指被刀枪刺戳及战争中受伤。例如：Many persons were injured/hurt in that accident. He was wounded in the war.
insist, persist
insist 通常指“坚决主张，坚持认为”或“坚持”某种意见、主张、见解、立场、观点等，可用作及物动词和不及物动词；persist既可指不顾困难和阻碍“坚持”某一行动，也可指不听劝告甚至令人讨厌地“固执己见”。persist强调行为本身，只用于不及物动词，跟宾语和in搭配。He insisted on going himself. He insisted that I be present. 例如：Y ou mustn’t persist in your errors.
join, join in, take part in, attend
join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in参加小型的活动, join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活动。例如：He joined the army five years ago. I often attend meeting and sometimes I take part in its discussion.我经常出席会议，有时参加大会的讨论。
keep sb from doing sth, keep sb doing sth
In order to keep the children from swimming in sea, he keeps them staying at home all day.为了不让孩子们去海里游泳，他让他们整天呆在家里。
know, recognize
用作“相识”讲，这两个动词是同义，但前者是长期的，而后者则是一时的。例如：I have
known him for two years. 我和他相识已有两年了。I recognized him two years ago. 两年前我就和他相识了。I know him, but when I saw him last night, I could hardly recognize him.我知道他，但当我昨天见到他的时候几乎没认出他来。
learn, know
learn表示：“听说，得知”，强调具体从不知到知的变化；know表示“知道，懂得”，强调直接地知道，带有经常性。I learned this from someone else. 这事我是从别人那儿知道的。
I know nothing about it.
learn, study
learn学习，侧重学习成果，多用于学习的初级阶段，也表示学习带有技术性的动作；study 学习，侧重学习的过程，也多用于较高深的或周密的研究。
leave, leave for, leave…for…
leave离开某地；leave for前往某地；le ave…for…离开某地前往某地。例如：He left Beijing for Shanghai.
lie in/on/to
in在...范围之内；on在…范围之外（相邻）；to在…范围之外（不相邻）。例如：Japan lies to the east of China in the east of Asia. It faces the Pacific on the east.日本在亚洲东部（范围内），中国东面（不接壤），东临太平洋（接壤）。
lie, lay
lie躺，位于(lay, lain)；说谎(lied, lied)；lay放置，下蛋，产卵(laid, laid)。例如：The boy lied that a hen was lying under the tree laying eggs. 那男孩撒谎说有只母鸡（躺）在树下生蛋。
like, love
表达感情，love要比like热烈得多，使用时注意分寸和场合。两者所修饰的副词也各不相同。like只能用very much修饰，love则用very much和deeply修饰。例如：The boy is so obedient that I like him very much. 这孩子很听话，我很喜欢他。The boy is so obedient that I deeply love him. 这孩子真听话，我真疼他。
listen, hear
listen强调动作；hear强调结果。例如：I listened, but I heard nothing.
look for, find
look for意为“寻找”，强调过程；find作“找到”解，强调结果，指找到丢失或忘掉的东西。例如：She looked for her cell-phone everywhere and found it at last.她到处找她的手机，最后找着了。
look, see, watch
look 强调“看”的动作，see强调“看”的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展。例如：He looked but saw nothing. We stood there and watch the parade passing by.
look, seem, appear
look指从从视觉印象看上的看法，往往指看上去如此，实际上也如此；seem指说话人主观上认为似乎如此，往往指有一定根据的判断，而这种判断常常接近事实；appear侧重指从外
表上看似乎如此，不注重实际上似乎如此。look不能接不定式。例如：It appeared to me that she was ill. It seems as if it is going to rain. She looked very tired but she was still cheerful.
marry, get married, be married to
marry, get married非延续性动词，不能与一段时间的状语连用；be married与一段时间状语连用；与某人结婚与to搭配，不能与with搭配。They got married in 2000. So far they have been married for nearly 10 years. 他们是2000年结的婚（瞬间动作），到现在已经结婚近（延续动作）十年了。She has been married to him for ten years.
miss, lose
lose语气较强，一般指失去的东西不易找回；sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss有“发现丢失”的意思。例如：I can't open the door because I've lost the key. 我打不开门，因为我把钥匙丢了。
I missed my pen. 我发现钢笔不见了。
spend, take, pay, cost
spend人做主语，花钱，花时间，用于spend…on sth./in doing sth句型；take常用于It takes sb. some time to do sth.句型；pay人做主语，花钱，pay for；cost物做主语，花钱。
take air, take the air
take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去；散步。例如：We take the air every day.
take, seize, grasp, grab, catch, snatch
作“抓住”解时，take为普通用词，指用手抓，也可用作比喻，指“抓住”。例如：We must take this opportunity. 我们必须抓住这次机会。Seize指突然用暴力抓，常有夺取的含义。例如：He seized the gun from the robber. 他从强盗手里夺过了枪。grasp指紧紧地握在手中。例如：I grasped the man by the arm. 我抓住了那人的手臂。grab尤其指由于自私的缘故而突然地、粗暴地抓住。例如：He grabbed the coin and ran off. 他抓起硬币就跑。snatch指“突然抢走、夺走”。例如：The policeman seized the thief who snatched the girl’s purse.警察抓住了抢那个女孩钱包的小偷。
treat, cure, heal
treat泛指“治疗”，不表示治好疾病与否，如果主语是人，宾语常常是患者，由介词for引出疾病；cure作“治愈”解，其主语可以是人、药物和其他事物，其宾语一般是患者，后接of引起的疾病，但有时把疾病作宾语，特别是当cure的主语为药物时；heal通常指医治外伤，主语可以是人也可以是药，而宾语一般是伤口，很少是人。例如：The doctor treated her headache with a new medicine, but didn’t cure her. 医生用一种新药为她治头痛，但没把她治好。The surgeon healed his wound. 医生治好了他的伤口。
trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel是最常用的；trip指短期的旅途；journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行。
try, manage, attempt
三者都可跟不定式。try普通用词，含义广泛，暗示为做成功某事而花费一定的代价，作出一定的努力，通过各种不同的办法以期达到目的；manage to do设法做某事取得成功；attempt 比try正式，常指作一次的而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试是达不到目的的。例如：
Please try to finish the job by Friday. He managed to escape to South America.The criminal attempted to escape, but in vain.
turn, get, grow, become
turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，也强调变化结果；get表示状态的变化；grow强调过程，逐渐的变化；become强调“状态变化”；例如：He turned pale at the thought. 想到这里，他脸色变得苍白起来。The weather is getting quite warm. 天气变得相当暖和了。He grew excited. 他激动起来。It's becoming much more expensive to travel abroad.
used to, be/get used to doing sth, be used to do sth.
used to表示现在已经终止了的过去习惯动作或状态；be used to (doing) sth表示习惯于；be used to do sth是动词use的被动语态，即某事被用来做...。例如：I used to get up very late during the summer vacation, but I’ve got used to getting up very early.我（过去）在暑假期间常常起得很晚，但现在习惯了起得很早。
used to, would
表现在已经终止了的过去习惯动作或存在的状态，would仅指过去的习惯，与现在无关，不能与状态动词连用。I used to get up early, but now I don't.我以前一向起得很早，可现在不了。
wear, put on等
put on“穿上、戴上”，用于强调“穿戴”的动作。其后跟衣服、鞋帽等名词作宾语；pull on “穿上、戴上”，其含义与put on 相近，表示put on…by pulling。也强调“穿戴”的动作。常指匆匆忙忙地穿上或戴上。其后可跟衣服、袜子、手套、靴子等名词作宾语；try on“试穿，试戴”，含有“试一试，看是否合适”之意。表示穿戴的动作。其后通常跟衣服、鞋帽等名词作宾语；dress用作及物动词作“给…穿好衣服”解，表示穿衣服的动作。其后只能跟人作宾语，不可跟衣服等名词作宾语；用作不及物动词作“穿好衣服”解；have on “穿着、戴着”，这种说明身上穿着或戴着什么。用来强调穿戴的状态。其后跟衣服、鞋帽等名词作宾语。不能用与进行时态；wear“穿着、戴着”，用来强调穿这的状态，常用与进行时态。其后除了跟衣服、鞋帽名词作宾语外，还可跟手表、首饰及鲜花等名词作宾语；Be dressed in“穿着…的衣服”，表示穿则的状态。其后跟表示颜色的词或衣服名称。Dressed in 还可用则定语；be in“穿着”，常可与be dressed in 换用，表示传着的状态。其后也可跟颜色词或衣服名称；be on“穿着、戴着”，表示穿戴的状态。On是副词，其主语通常是衣帽等名词，不用人作主语；fit“穿戴”，主要指衣服等的尺寸大小是否合体。主语通常是衣服、鞋帽等名称，宾语是人；Suit“穿戴”，用法与fit相近，但着重指衣服等的式样、颜色是否合适；keep on“继续穿(戴)着、穿(戴)着…不脱”；with“戴着”，在句中表示伴随情况。其后常跟鲜花、眼镜等名词。例如：He put on his coat and hat, and went out. She pull on her sweater and came out. I went to the tailor’s to try on my new suit. The child is too young to dress himself. He washed, dressed and went out. Where did you get the shoes you had on yesterday? She was
still wearing her thick coat. He was an old man who wore think glasses. They were both dressed in blue. He was dressed in Japanese clothes. The girl dressed in red is his sister. She was in a light blue silk skirt. The young man in white is our manager. His coat was on. This coat doesn’t fit me.
The dress suits you beautifully. Keep on your coat if you feel cold. I’ve already told you not to keep your socks on if they get wet. He was a little man with thick glasses.
whisper, murmur
murmur表达“小声说话，喃喃自语”的意思；whisper表达“私下说，耳语”的意思。例如：He was murmuring in his sleep. 他在睡梦中喃喃自语。He whispered the news to me. 他私下告诉我这个消息。The manager was angry at seeing his employee murmuring in the office then warned them not to whisper again. 经理看到员工在办公室里窃窃私语非常生气，于是警告他们不要再私下交谈。
英语近义词辨析 万学海文 《2010年考研英语考试大纲解析》中明确指出：“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等”；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。由此可见，同学们在复习单词时，不仅要记词更要学会去辨析，尤其对相似易混词汇应进行重点攻克。 为了方便同学们的单词归纳复习，万学海文英语教研中心现对常见近义词进行归纳讲解。 1、blunder, error, mistake这一组词都表示"错误"。 blunder n. (因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。 I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。 error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也指智力或道义上的错误。 The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。 mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。 I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。 2、brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid都有"弱"的意思。 brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。 The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。 fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。 He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。 frail a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。 His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。 crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crisp biscuit 松脆的饼干 The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。 invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。 Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。 A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
常见的英文近义词辨析100组 1、abide,adhere,conform,comply“遵守”。 abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。 I will abide by the director'decision.我将遵从主任的决定。 adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。) Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。 conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。 All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。 Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。 2、abnormal,uncommon,disordered“反常的” abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。 His body temperature has been abnormal for3days,the highest point reaching40.5degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。) uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。 Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。 That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！ disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。 We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。 3、abolish,cancel,eliminate,dispose,erase,exclude,extinguish都有“取消，除掉”的意思。 abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。 The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。 cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。 The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。 eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。 The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。 The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。 dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。) After your picnic,please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。 erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。 I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。 The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。 Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。 4、abstract,digest,outline,summary“要点，摘要” abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。 I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他书的概要。 digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。 Reader's Digest《读者文摘》 outline n.要点，大纲，概要。 She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。 summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。 5、absurd,ridiculous,silly都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。 absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。 There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。 ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。 It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。 a silly little boy傻小子
英语中的近义词辨析(1) 2008-01-10 13:27 1. clothes, cloth, clothing clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词，clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服a piece of, an article of 2. incident, accident incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident. 3. amount, number amount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词a number of students 4. family, house, home home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one. 5. sound, voice, noise sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside. 6. photo, picture, drawing photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let's go and see a good picture. 7. vocabulary, word vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary. 8. population, people population人口，人数，people具体的人China has a large population. 9. weather, climate weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you. 10. road, street, path, way road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径 take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum. 11. course, subject course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course 12. custom, habit custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot. 13. cause, reason cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late 14. exercise, exercises, practice exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect. 15. class, lesson 作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5 16. speech, talk, lecture speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈
初中英语近义词辨析专项练习 tell talk say speak tell 告诉，讲述可接双宾语 talk 交谈有talk with/to say 说强调说的内容，有say to sb speak 说某种语言其直接宾语为语言，若要对某人或物说，则用speak to 1 Can you _____ me the truth? 2 What language do you ____? 3 This is what they ____ yesterday. 4 Don’t ___in class，please be quiet. .look look at see watch look 看起来（系动词，接形容词作表语） look at 朝…看强调看的方向 see 看见强调看到的结果 watch 观看尤其指看电视，看球赛等 1 The coat ____ nice, I want to buy one for my daughter.
2 Please _______ the blackboard, can you ___ anything? 3 She doesn’t like ____ TV,but she likes _____ football game. .sound listen to hear sound 听起来（系动词，接形容词作表语） listen to 听强调听的动作与方向 hear 听见强调听的结果 1 ____ the radio, it says the flood is coming soon. 2 I can’t ____ you , because there’s something wrong with my ears. 3 What you said ____ interesting. .hear from hear of hear from 收到…的来信 hear of 听说…的消息 1 After ____ her sister, she read and soon wrote back. 2 Have you _____ the place called Shenglong? .receive accept
考研英语近义词辨析 本文是关于考研英语近义词辨析，感谢您的阅读！ 考研英语近义词辨析 ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim模糊 ambiguousa.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。 举例：Hisambiguousdirectionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetwor oadstotake. 翻译：他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。 obscurea.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。 举例：ThepoetryofEzraPoundissometimesdifficulttounderstandbecause itcontainssomanyobscurereferences. 翻译：艾兹拉庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。 vaguea.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。
举例：Hehassomevagueideasaboutwhattodo,butnothingspecific. 翻译：他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。 uncleara.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂;不肯定的。 举例：Unclearwritingisdifficulttounderstand. 感谢您的阅读，本文如对您有帮助，可下载编辑，谢谢
第1 课 1．destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏的力度之大和彻底，一般不带感情或修辞色彩。demolish和raze通常用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish常用引申义，指任何复合体的被毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments。意即“用几句锋利的评语推翻某种理论”。而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物的被毁。annihilate在这些词中所表示的损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物的严重损伤。如说annihilate an enemy force，是指使敌军遭到重创，不仅没有还手之力。而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate one?s opponent in a debate，是指彻底驳倒对手。 2. decay常指某物自然而然地逐渐衰败腐化。如：His teeth have begun to decay．(他的牙齿开始老化变坏。) rot指有机物质，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了的苹果)。 spoil用于非正式文体，常指食物变质。如：Fish spoils quickly in summer。(鱼在夏天极易变质。) molder用于指物体缓慢、逐步地腐朽。如：Old buildings molder away．(老房子渐渐腐烂了。) disintegrate意指把某物从整体变为碎片或一个个部分。如：rocks disintegrated by frost and rain(被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块的岩石)。 decompose指将物质分解为其构成成分。如：Water can be decomposed(be decomposed)into hydrogen and oxygen．(水可分解成氧和氧。)该词还可用来替代rot，使语气略显委婉。 在给出答案之前，首先将该题中的几个语法术语解释一下。 The sentence fragment：片断句。一个合乎语法的完整句子必须具有主语和谓语这两种基本成分。从结构上来说，它应该是可以独立运用的语言单位。片断句是指像短语、从句、同位语以及其他诸如此类不能够独立使用的语言单位。写作时若错误地使用标点符号．将这类不能独立使用的语法结构当成句子分列出来，那便叫做片断句，练习中的第1、第3和第4句就是这样的非完整句，即片断句。 The run-on sentence:误用逗号连接句。该断句的地方没有正确地使用标点符号断句，而将两个或两个以上结构上各自独立完整而又互不从属的句子融合在一起成为一个不合语法、结构松散的句子称融合句。如果两个完整的句子中间只用逗号隔开而被错误地并成一个句子，这种句子便叫误用逗号连接句，练习中的第2句即是。The dangling modifier：垂悬修饰语。由非谓语动词(分词、动名词、不定式)组成的短语若使用不当，与其所修饰的成分没有实质上的联系，这种结构便叫垂悬修饰语。垂悬修饰语并非语法上的错误，只是修辞上的毛病，但仍应避免使用这样的结构，尤其是不要使用那些会产生歧义、引起误解的垂悬修饰语。练习中的第5、6、7、8句均含垂悬修饰语。 The illogical or faulty parallelism：误用平行句法。误用平行句法指用平行结构来表达并非平行的思想内容。这是应该避免的修辞上的毛病。不能将which或who引导的从句用and 与主句相联。关联连词(both…and，either…or等)只能用于联接句中起同一语法作用的平行成分。练习中的第9、10、11、12句都是误用平行结构的例句。 The shift in point of view：角度转换。不必要的甚至错误的角度转换是应该避免的。若非必须如此。一般不由主动语态转换成被动语态。人称及单复数也不应随便转换。练习中的第13、14、15句都是角度转换的例子。练习中的错句可改正如下：The basketball game was canceled because half of the players were in bed with flu． These snakes are dangerous. However，most snakes are quite harmless． 3．Looking out toward the horizon，she Saw only the old cabin in which Mary was born，a single cottonwood that had escaped the drought and the apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie． 4．We knew that although the documents have been stolen they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent． 5．Last year，after I had graduated from high school．my father put me to work in his office． 6．To appreciate the poem，one must read it aloud． 7．1 missed that film because l had to stay home to help my mother wash clothes last Sunday． 8．Driving across the state，one saw many beautiful lakes． 9．Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful． 1O．I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful and slender or bringing me friends． 11．He is a man of wide experience and also of great popularity among the farmers． 12．I am interested in electronics，which is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities 10 one who knows science．
高级英语近义词辨析题上册一 1.The whole nation watched the two candidates (arguing, debating) the issue of raising taxes on TV. Argue: (transitive) to state, giving clear reasons, that something is true, should be done etc debate: (transitive) to discuss a subject formally when you are trying to make a decision or find a solution 2.It was a (proud, arrogant) moment for my cousin when she shook hands with the President. Proud: feeling pleased about something that you have done or something that you own, or about someone or something you are involved with or related to arrogant: behaving in an unpleasant or rude way because you think you are more important than other people 3.Even if you (mix, blend) oil and water, they will not (mix, blend). Mix: if you mix two or more substances or if they mix, they combine to become a single substance, and they cannot be easily separated Blend: to combine different things in a way that produces an effective or pleasant result, or to become combined in this way 4.Some people watch television so much that they cannot (conceive, imagine) of living without it. Conceive: (formal) to imagine a particular situation or to think about something in a particular way imagine; to form a picture or idea in your mind about what something could be like
近义词辨析 目录 1.“I know”和“I see”其实不一样！“我明白了”还能怎么说 (1) 2．college和university了，但是这两者有啥区别呢 (3) 3.表示“打电话”的词call，ring，phone，telephone (6) 4. 关于“药”的单词 (9) 5. 表示“责任”“职责”“义务”的词 (11) 6.准确度(Accuracy)与精密度(Precision)的区别 (13) 1.“I know”和“I see”其实不一样！“我明白了”还能怎么说 可能不少同学想表达“我明白了”的时候，总是会犹豫要用“I see.”还是“I know.”，又或者是“I understand.”。这三个词都有相同的中文意思，但是实际上，还是有所区别的哦。 今天就给大家分辨一下这三个表达，以及帮大家区分表示“明白”的几个常见动词。一起来学习吧。 1. understand 相信大家对于understand很熟悉了，当它表示“明白”时，可以用“understand sth.”或“understand + 从句”的结构。 It is very important to make yourself understood when you speak a foreign language. 当你在讲一门外语的时候，表达清楚自己的意思让别人明白是非常重要的。 除了能表示“明白”，understand还可以表示通过学习或者经历而“了解或知道”某事物。 此外，也可以表示“理解；体谅”，还能表示“获悉”，即通过听说或者读到某事物并相信该事物为真。 understand how/why/where 弄清；搞懂 (can) understand sb. doing sth. 能理解某人做某事
英语近义词辨析 1. abide, adhere, conform, comply 这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。 A. abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。 I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。 adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。) Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。 B. conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。 All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。 C. comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。 Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。 2. abnormal, uncommon, disordered 这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。 A. abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。 His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。) B. uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。 That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！ C. disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。 We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。 3. abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish 这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。 A. abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。 The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。 B. cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。 The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。 C.eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。 The losing team was eliminated from further D. competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。 The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。 E. dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。) After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。 F. erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。 I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。 G. exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。 The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。
中学英语近义词辨析２00组 1。clｏtｈｅs，cloｔｈ, clothing?clotｈeｓ统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布，为不可 2。ｉｎcｉｄeｎt,ａccidｅnt?数名词clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of,an article of? 3. amouｎt，ｉncideｎt指小事件, ａｃcidｅｎt指不幸的事故He was kｉlleｄiｎtｈe acciｄent.? nuｍber?aｍount后接不可数名词，numｂｅr后接可数名词a nｕmｂeｒoｆｓｔuｄents 4。faｍily, house,home?hｏme 家，包括住处和家人，ｈoｕsｅ房子,住宅,ｆamilｙ家庭成员。My f 5。sound,ｖｏicｅ, noisｅ ａmｉly is aｈappy ｏne.? sｏund自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,ｎoｉｓe噪音I ｈaｔe ｔｈe loud noｉse outside．?６. pｈoto，picture,drawing ｐhｏto用照相机拍摄的照片，pictuｒe可指相片,图片,电影片,ｄrawing画的画 Ｌet’ｓgo andｓee a ｇｏｏd pｉcturｅ。 7.vｏcａbｕｌary，word?vｏｃaｂularｙ词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，woｒd具体的单词Ｈe haｓa large voｃaｂulａry。 8. ｐopulation, peｏｐlｅ?pｏpulaｔｉon人口,人数,pｅople具体的人Chinａhas a ｌarge populａtio 9。weatheｒ, ｃlimａte ｎ。? weatheｒ一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况The ｃlimａte here is not goｏｄｆｏr yｏｕ.?１0。rｏaｄ, stｒｅｅｔ，patｈ，ｗay?road具体的公路,马路,ｓtrｅeｔ街道，pａtｈ小路，小径,wａｙ道路，途径 ｔakｅthiｓroaｄ;in ｔhe ｓtrｅet，shｏｗme the ｗay to ｔhe mｕsｅuｍ。 11．coｕrsｅ, subjｅct?ｃｏｕrse课程（可包括多门科目)，subject科目(具体的学科)a ｓｕｍｍer course 12. cｕｓｔｏｍ,ｈaｂit?cusｔoｍ传统风俗，习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to dｏ，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接oｆｄoinｇ．Ｉ'ｖｅgｏt the habit of dｒinｋｉｎgａlot. 13．ｃaｕsｅ, reasoｎ cauｓe指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ｏｆｓtｈ。／doｉnｇｓth，reaｓon用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接fｏr sth。/ｄoing sth．the reaｓon fｏｒｂeiｎg ｌate 14. exeｒciｓe，eｘercｉsｅs, pracｔice exｅrｃiｓｅ运动,锻炼（不可数），exeｒcｉｓes练习(可数),practice（反复做的)练习?Practice makes perｆeｃt。?1５．clａss, ｌesson 16。作"课"解时，两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用claｓs.ｌesson 6;ｃｌａｓs 5?speech，ｔａlk, ｌｅctuｒe ｓpeｅcｈ指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，ｔａｌk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，ｌｅcｔure学术性的演讲,讲课a ｓeries of leｃｔｕre oｎ… 17. oｆficer，ｏffiｃial?officer部队的军官，ｏfficial政府官员ａn ａrｍy oｆｆicer?1８. ｗoｒk, job 二者均指工作。work不可数,ｊob可数a goｏｄjob 20。19。cｏuple, ｐaｉｒ?couple主要指人或动物,pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pａir of tｒoｕserｓ?counｔry,natiｏn, stａte, laｎd?country侧重指版图,疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族,sｔａtｅ侧重指政府,政体,lａｎd国土，国家Theｗhole nation was sad aｔthe newｓ.? 2１。ｃｏok, cookｅr?ｃ 22。damaｇe, damａgeｓ?daｍagｅ不可数名词, 损ooｋ厨师,cooker厨具Heｉs ａgood cｏｏk.? 23. ｐolｉcｅ, policemａｎ 害,损失; damages复数形式，赔偿金＄90０dａmａges? polｉce警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,ｐｏｌicemａn 指某个具体的警察The ｐｏlｉce ａrｅqueｓt ｉoning eｖｅryｏne in the house。 24。proｂｌｅm，qｕeｓtｉon
英语中常见的近义词辨析 Change, Alter, Vary 这三个单词都有“改变，变化”的意思，但是具体运用的时候却存在着不少的差异。“change”可以指任何变化，常用来指根本的或者完全的变化。“alter”只意味着局部的或表面的变化，而没有变成另一种事物。“vary”尤指不断地变化，由于变化而产生的一系列差别。 Examples: I have to change my design. I have to alter my design. My design cannot vary according to the funds. Circumstance,surroundings,environment,setting 这四个单词都有表达“环境，背景”的意思。 “circumstance”指某事或动作发生时的“情况”。“surroundings”专指自然环境，从周围事物这一客体着眼。“environment”可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，均从环境对人的感受、道德以及观念的影响着眼。“setting”常指“背景，环境”。 Examples: Under no circumstances should you leave the house. Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings. An unhappy environment can affect a child's behaviour. London is the setting of the story. Broad,wide 这两个词都可以表达“宽大，广阔”的意思。但是“broad”指物体的整个表面宽广，也可形容人的胸、肩、背等的宽阔，而“wide”则主要用于表示口径、缝隙、空间从一侧到另一侧的宽度，也可表示人的眼睛、嘴巴等的宽大。 Examples: There is a net which is wide at the mouth. He painted the wall with broad strokes of the brush. Circumstance, Surroundings, Environment, Setting 这一组单词都能表达“机会，时机”的意思。但是“occasion”表示的“机会”含有原因的意味。“opportunity”指“良机，机会”，有利于做某事以实现某种愿望的特定时机。“chance”指无法解释的天意或命运所安排的时机，强调偶然性。 Examples: I sometimes have occasion to visit Paris on business. It's an opportunity to fulfill your aim. Chance will determine the outcome.
近义词辨析（动词） abolish, cancel abolish指取消或废除风俗、制度等；cancel指取消或废除已安排或决定的计划。例如：This bad custom has long been abolished. The game was can celled because of the rain. accept, receive accept作“接受”讲，是有意识的，强调“同意接受”，其行为由主语的主观意志所决定，因而是主动的；receive只意味着“收到”，其行为不决定于主语的主观意志，因而是被动的。例如：She received the gift from him, but she did not accept it. 她收到他的礼物，但她没有接受。 access, approach approach指“接近”的动作；access指“接近”的自由或权利，对人而言可与其会面，对场所而言可自由出入。例如：As we approached the gate, I saw a man coming towards us. He is a man of difficult access. add, add to, add…to, add up to add作“加，增加”解时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，作“补充说”解时，与直接或间接引语连用。例如：If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water．如果茶太浓了，再加点开水。After a short while, he added that he would try his best．过了一会儿，他又接着说他会尽力。add to意为“增添，增加，增进”。例如：The bad weather added to our difficulties．恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。add...to意为“把…加到…”，是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。例如：Add two to seven, and you will get nine．七加二等于九。add up to 意为“加起来总共是／累计得”，该短语不用于被动语态。例如：All his school education added up to no more than one year．他的学校教育加起来不过一年。Last year, my total income, with my reward added to, added up to 15000yuan. 去年我的总收入，加上奖金，总计为一万五千元。 agree on, agree to, agree with, agree that agree on作“就…取得一致意见”解。例如：The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month．上月，就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。agree to有两层含义和用法：其一是to作为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形，作“同意（答应）做某事”解。例如：My father agreed to buy a new pen for me．父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。其二是to为介词，之后跟表示“计划／条件／建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如：They have a greed to our plan．他们已同意我们的计划。agree with作“同意某人的意见”解，其后可跟表示人的名词或代词，也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如：He agreed with my opinions．他同意了我的意见。We agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。agree that作“认为…”解，其后跟宾语从句。例如：I agree that your composition is very good. 我认为你的这