专题检测十九阅读理解——任务型阅读(一)
(时间:30分钟满分:50分)
任务型阅读(Passage1,3,4,5每小题2分;Passage2,每小题1分;共50分)
Passage1
(2017陕西西安70中学月考一)
EveryoneCanChangetheWorld
What can we do to help protect the environment?It seems useless to just pick up a piece of trash,but what will happen if you keep doing it every day?Tommy Kleyn,an ordinary man from the Netherlands,may give you the answer.
Tommy Kleyn walked past a polluted river on his way to work every day.It used to be a beautiful view,but the trash on the bank made it dirty and smelly.So Tommy decided to pick up the trash along the river a little bit at a time after work.“It took me about 30 minutes to fill one garbage bag with trash,but one garbage bag didn’t seem helpful in a place as polluted as this.I decided to fill one bag of trash each day as I passed by,” Tommy said.Every day,Tommy took pictures of the river and shared them on his Facebook page.To his surprise,in just six days,he had made great progress with his cleanup effort.He felt happy and kept doing it.Gradually,more and more people knew about Tommy’s story.Other people in the community began following his footsteps and cleaning up trash on their way home,too.
“The idea is to encourage people to fill one garbage bag with litter each day.It only takes 30 minutes,but it really makes a difference and you will be amazed at how good you feel afterwards,” he said.
People from all over the world have been moved and inspired by Tommy’s story.No effort is useless if we keep doing it every day.Ordinary people like you and me can also make a difference to the world we live in if we take actions right now.
根据短文内容,完成下列小题。
1.Did Tommy Kleyn walk past a polluted river on his way to work every day?
Yes./Yes,hedid.
2.What did Tommy decide to do after work?
Topickupthetrashalongtheriveralittlebitatatime.
3.Where did Tommy share the pictures of the river that he took?
OnhisFacebookpage.
4.Who began following Tommy’s footsteps and cleaning up trash?
Otherpeopleinthecommunity.
5.What can you learn from the story?
Everyonecanchangetheworld./Noeffortisuselessifwekeepdoingiteveryday./Wecanalsomakeadifferencetotheworldwe liveinifwetakeactionsrightnow./Weshouldprotecttheenvironmentfromthesideofthesmallthings.
?导学号33404285?
Passage2
(2016江苏南京秦淮区一模)
There are four million people with diabetes(糖尿病)in the UK—that’s one in every 16 people.There are two main types of diabetes:Type 1 and Type 2.Type 1 is less common and is not preventable.In the UK,90% of diabetes are Type 2.It has something to do with weight gain and a sedentary(久坐的)lifestyle,but there are other risk reasons.The good news is that around 80% of cases of Type 2 diabetes are preventable.
Are you at risk?
Type 2 diabetes can come on slowly.It may not be easy to find the signs.So it is important to understand the risk reasons.People with Type 2 diabetes can feel thirsty,tired and need to go to the toilet more often.
Tips on preventing Type 2.
If you have Type 2 diabetes,it is very important to control your weight.If you are overweight,Type 2 diabetes can be avoided by reducing your weight.
Exercise is necessary for good health.It not only helps to keep a healthy weight,but can lower blood-sugar levels because it helps your body to use insulin(胰岛素)more effectively.Have high levels of everyday activities,including walking,housework,playing with children and hobbies—anything that gets you moving.
Also,a healthy diet will help you manage your weight.Vegetables and fruits are low in calories and are rich in vitamins,minerals(矿物质)and fiber(纤维).This is important for good digestion(消化)and slows down the sugars
into the blood.However,some types of fruits are high in sugar,so getting most of your energy from vegetables is better.
Whole grains are good for Type 2 diabetes because the husk(外壳)of the seed is kept.This is often the best part of the grain,with fiber and protein(蛋白).Protein is good for Type 2 diabetes.Fish,meats,eggs,nuts and many beans are rich in protein.
Foods high in both fat and sugar are very bad for your health and should be avoided.Water is the best because there aren’t any calories in it while many other drinks,such as soft drinks,energy drinks and milky coffees are
Passage3
(2017天津东丽区期末卷)
In most parts of the world,many students help their schools make less pollution.They join environment
clubs(环境俱乐部).In an environment club,people work together to make our environment clean.
Here are some things students often do.
No garbage(垃圾)lunches.How much do you throw away after lunch?Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again.Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school.
No car day.On a no car day,nobody comes to school in a car—not only the students but also the teachers!Cars give pollution to our air,so remember:
Walk,jump,bike or run.
Use your legs!It’s lots of fun.
Turn off the taps!Do you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty cubic(立方的)meters of water an hour?In a year,that would fill a small river!In environment clubs,students mend those broken toilets.
We should love our environment.Let’s work together to make it better.
根据短文内容,完成下列各句,每空一词。
1.Environment clubs ask students not to throw away lunch bags.
2.From the passage we know the students usually have lunch at school.
3.On a no car day,neither the students nor the teachers will take a car to school.
4.After students mend toilets,they save a lot of water.
5.The writer wrote the passage to ask the students to make less pollution.
Passage4
(2017湖北随州中考模拟卷)
There is one language that people use in every country in the world.People (1)use it are young and old,short and tall,thin and fat.It’s almost everybody’s second language.It’s easy to understand,(2)you can’t hear it.It’s sign language.
Babies who can’t talk can point at things.They’re using sign language.(3) Sign language can be useful in places that are very noisy and in places that are very quiet.You can talk to the people who are behind windows.And when you go swimming with your friends,you can have a “talk” under water!
Many years ago,a Frenchman wanted to help deaf people.He opened the (4)/f??st/school for deaf people in Paris in 1760.And they learned sign language there.Teachers and doctors who wanted to help deaf people also
went to Paris and had lessons.(5)然后他们教给他们的学生手势语。Soon there were schools for deaf people in other (6)/k?ntr I z/.
Today,in the United States,there are special TV news programs for deaf people.The news broadcaster tells the news in sign language and the words appear on TV,too.
1.在文中(1)处和(2)处分别填入一个合适的词,使句子通顺连贯。
(1)who
(2)but
2.根据音标提示,在文中(4)处和(6)处分别填入一个合适的词。
(4)first
(6)countries
3.将文中(3)句译成汉语。
手势语在吵闹和安静的地方会很有用。
4.将文中(5)句译成英语。
Thentheytaughtsignlanguagetotheirstudents./Thentheytaughttheirstudentssignlanguage.
5.How can the deaf learn TV news in the USA today? TherearespecialTVnewsprogramsfordeafpeople.
Passage5
(2017山东宁津育新中学月考二)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容完成后面各项任务。
Running away is a serious problem.There are lots of runaway and homeless kids living in the streets around the world.
孩子们为什么想离家出走呢?
★Some kids run away because they have problems with their families.
★Some kids run away because they’re afraid to tell their parents the bad things that they did at school or in society.
★Some kids run away because there is violence(暴力)in the family.
★Some kids run away because their parents divorce(离婚)or marry again.
★Some kids run away because they have problems at school.
What will you do if your friends want to run away from home?
If your friend is thinking about running away,tell him or her that it is difficult to survive(幸存)in the streets.Try to help your friend feel less lonely.
Whatever the problem is,there are other ways to solve it.Maybe you can’t think of the ways right now,but an adult(成年人)will know how to help you.You should tell an adult that your friend plans to run away as soon as possible.Being a real friend doesn’t mean keeping a secret that may hurt someone.And running away isn’t a solution(解决方法)for either of you.It only makes more problems and danger.
1.将文中画线部分的汉语句子译成英语。
Whydochildrenwanttorunawayfromhome?
2.回答问题:Kids run away because of many reasons.How many reasons are connected with their schools?
Two.
3.将文中画线部分的英语句子译成汉语。
无论是什么问题,总有其他的办法来解决它。
4.从文中找出与所给句子意思相同的句子。
If a secret may hurt someone,you shouldn’t keep it even though you’re someone’s real friend. Beingarealfrienddoesn’tmeankeepingasecretthatmayhurtsomeone.
5.回答问题:
What does the underlined word “It” in the last sentence refer to(指的是)?
Runningaway.
公民教育与思想政治教育对比分析 公民教育是西方国家实现政治社会化的一种重要方式。从逻辑的角度看,它与我国的思想政治教育既有相当的交叉,又有本质的区别。通过探究公民教育的基本内涵,看公民教育与思想政治教育从产生条件、传输的理念、教育方式和效果四个方面的不同。 标签：公民教育;思想政治教育;对比分析 公民教育是一个舶来之物,它是西方国家实现政治社会化的一种重要方式。从逻辑的角度看,它与我国的思想政治教育既有相当的交叉,又有本质的区别。探讨公民教育并将它与我国的思想政治教育进行对比研究,总结其成功经验,对提高我国现阶段思想政治教育的实效具有重要意义。 一、公民及公民教育的基本内涵 公民这一概念在不同的国家、不同的历史时期其涵义也不尽相同。公民一词最早使用于古希腊,后被古罗马所沿用。这时的“公民”主要指在法律上享有特权的一小部分自由民。进入中世纪以后,西方受到宗教势力和封建君主专制的束缚,整个社会陷入长时间的停滞。教会和封建君主成为国家和人民的主宰,个人是上帝的子民和封建君主的臣仆。随着近代资本主义国家的建立,公民才被明确赋予特定内涵并广泛应用到社会生活当中。西方学者对“公民”的含义给出了狭义和广义两种界定。狭义方面将公民认定为一个政治的概念,而且将其落归到一套特定的政治制度和价值上,强调公民身份与政治自由的关系。广义方面的界定则是把“公民”划分为几个不同的层次,在狭义理解的基础上扩大了公民概念的外延。“一方面,公民的身份几乎被延伸到社会生活的各个领域。在这个意义上,每当个人做出决定或者采取行动,不论是直接的或间接的、有意的或无意的,都是作为公民在行动。另一方面,公民的身份又超出了国家事务的范围。个人是许多团体的成员,是家庭、学校、宗教机构、工作场所以至世界的公民。”〔1〕由此可见,在西方,公民首先是一个政治概念,是民主政治原则向其他社会生活等领域的延伸。在我国,公民“通常是指具有一个国家的国籍,并根据该国的宪法和法律规定,享有权利并承担义务的人。”〔2〕这也仅是从法律层面来界定的,在政治层面对公民这一概念还没有比较明确的界定。虽然在1953年的选举法中开始使用“公民”的概念,并且1954年制定的第一步宪法中就确定了公民的法律地位,但是随后却因为种种原因没有得到应用和发展。笔者认为,公民首先是一个社会人及政治人,他的身份是一个国家和社会的成员。作为一个国家的公民,就意味着在这个国家的社会公共生活中享有不可剥夺的权利和不可推卸的责任。公民应是一个个性自由独立发展的人,他具有强烈的自我选择和自我负责意识,富有社会批判和建设精神。 公民教育作为一种历史现象,是与公民概念相伴而生的。有些学者认为,最早提出“公民教育”(civileducation)并论证公民教育理论的是德国教育家凯兴斯坦纳。他认为国家的教育只有一个目的,那就是造就公民。公民教育的基本目标是为国家的存在和发展培养合格的公民。由于人们在公民教育概念的理解上和使用
最新中考英语阅读理解专题(含答案)经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。 C What is your favorite color? Ask famous persons like Cate Blanchett, Scarlett Johnson, and Bono （singer for the band U2）, and maybe they will say “green.” That’s not because these artists like the color green best. Instead, they are interested in green fashion. Green fashion is about making （and wearing） clothes that are good for humans, animals, and the Earth. In the past, green fashion made people think of ugly clothes. But today, green fashion is different. It is about looking good and caring about the Earth and other people. You can have interesting clothes and be green. Around the world, green fashion is becoming popular. For example, the U.K. company People Tree sells me n’s and women’s clothing and accessories（配搭物）. They are made from natural fabrics（织物）like cotton and wool. Workers who make the clothes are from countries like Kenya（肯尼亚）, and Bangladesh（孟加拉国）. People Tree pays the men and women good money for the clothes they make. Singer Bono and his wife also started a clothing company called EDUN. When the clothes are sold, EDUN uses most of the money to help people around the world. （1）From this passage, we know that “green fashion” means________. A. putting green color on your face B. making clothes from green trees C. wearing the color green all the time D. wearing clothes that are good for the Earth （2）Today, green fashion is ___________. A. the same as it was in the past B. making people work harder C. more popular and interesting D. mostly popular with famous persons （3）Which sentence about green clothing companies is true? A. They are all in Africa. B. They do not pay their workers well. C. They make clothes only for women. D. They use natural fabrics to make clothes. （4）What does EDUN do? A. It teaches people to make clothes. B. It makes interesting clothes for teenagers. C. It sells clothes and uses the money to help people. D. It pays people good money for the clothes they make. 【答案】（1）D （2）C
中考英语阅读理解难题及答案（word）1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
中考英语英语阅读理解训练经典题目 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读理解 When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings (缺点). Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn't a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with(忍受) her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, "Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn't you ever wonder what you're really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said." I did as he told me and to my surprise, I found that about half the things were true. I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. "That's just for you," he said. "You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When something said about you is true, you'll find it will be helpful to you. Don't shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right. "Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure all your life! （1）How did the writer feel when her friend pointed out her shortcomings at first? A. Happy. B. Thankful. C. Unhappy. D. Nothing. （2）What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints(抱怨)? A. He agreed with her "enemy". B. He let her continue to put up with her "enemy". C. He told her to write down all her "enemy" had said about her. D. He told her not to pay attention to what her "enemy" had said. （3）The writer felt _______ when she did the things as her father had told her. A. surprised B. angry C. disappointed D. sad （4）Which of the following can we know from the passage? A. The "enemy" thought the writer was pretty. B. The "enemy" thought the writer studied hard. C. The writer and her "enemy" became best friends at last. D. The writer is thankful to her father. （5）Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. My Parents B. A Good Friend C. An Enemy D. The Best Advice 【答案】（1）C （2）C
中考英语阅读理解练习题（word）1 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
Topic Fifteen Literature and the Arts 文学与艺术话说中考 本话题是文学与艺术，使学生了解我国及世界不同地区的文学与艺术领域的特色、发展及创新等情况，并能尊重和接受不同的文学与艺术。中考阅读理解对本话题考查是通过阅读 小短文理解大意，从短文中分析、整理出文学或艺术的历史、特色、新闻人物、发展创新及 走向。目的是陶冶学生情操，提升文化素养以及培养学生欣赏和发展文学与艺术的能力。这就要求学生在日常生活中多关注当代文学与艺术的发展动向，多涉足文学与艺术领域，亲身去感受文学与艺术的魅力。 走近中考(四川乐山·2018) If you are a teenage boy，and you want to succeed in life，you'd better read this great book．From Boys to Men by an American writer， Michael Gurian，tells teenage boys that they are living through the best years of their lives．There is no reason for them not to love life． You may think that only your body is growing at the moment．But the book says your mind is growing，too．The book tells teenage boys that they need to help their bodies and minds grow．To do this，they should stop spending their time playing computer games and should start playing sports．Sports，the book says，keep you healthy and teach you important life skills．They teach you how to be a leader and how to work as part of a team． The book also tells boys how to love life if they're being bullied(被欺负)．It says boys have to stop being scared(害怕的) of such bullies．It is the only way they can become more successful people． To become the man you want to be，you have to think for yourself and believe in yourself．But，most importantly，the book says，you must always dream of success．Never be happy with what you've got，and always want more．根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1．From Boys to Men is _______． A．a Chinese magazine
2020年中考英语阅读理解专题练习《热点话题》 新科技 Passage1(2019台州) Brooke wanted a doll house and some sugar cookies. So the 6yearold asked Alexa to get them. Alexa wasn't her mom or babysitter. It was a voiceactivated home assistant powered by AI(人工智能). And it made Brooke's wishes come true. A few days later, much to her parents' surprise, a $170 dollhouse and four pounds of cookies showed up. They ate the cookies and gave away the dollhouse to a local hospital. And that's not the end of the story. When a news reporter told the story of what happened on TV, Alexa devices(设备)in many listeners' homes woke up and tried to order dollhouses! Alexa isn't the only AI willing to serve you. Apple Homepod has Siri, Google Home has its Assistant, and the upcoming Galaxy Home device will have Bixby. People who have these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting timers. According to a report from The Information, nowadays voice shopping is rare. But many scientists predict a boom(增长) in voice shopping in the near future. Is that a good thing ________. You can shout out an order as soon as you think of it, even if you are cooking, cleaning, o r driving. In addition, people with disabilities who are unable to use a keyboard or mouse can shop without any help. But voice shopping has its disadvantages. Unwanted dollhouses aren't the biggest problem. It's usually very easy to cancel an order or return products. The thing t hat worries some people is that these assistants are always listening. They have to be able to respond when you want them. So they listen for “Alexa” or “OK Google” or another order. When they hear it, they start recording the conversation. Some have worried about what happens to these recordings. Should companies be allowed to use them to learn about people's shopping habits And what if someone hacks(入侵) the device The CIA found a way to hack smart TVs to turn them into spies that listen all the time. Others could do the same with any smart device. What do you think Are you ready to start voice shopping ( )1. From the passage, we know that Alexa ________． A. can look after the baby B. can cook delicious food C. is a toy doll sold online D. is one kind of AI device ( )2. The underlined word “rare” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________． A. unusual B. expensive C. harmful D. impossible ( )3. Which of the following is the best to fill in the “________” in Paragraph 3 A. Convenience is the main advantage of voice shopping B. The cost of voice shopping is lower than other ways C. The popularity of voice shopping is increasing D. The technology of voice shopping needs improving ( )4. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that ________ when people try voice shopping. A. AI sometimes forgets people's orders B. personal information might be hacked C. it's difficult to cancel or return products D. the needs for products can't be satisfied Passage2(2019宿迁) Technology is developing fast and it has become an important part of our life. Then what will
公民教育与思想政治教育的关系 3.1当前关于公民教育与思想政治教育关系的几种看法 在我国社会快速转型及公民社会逐步发育的背景下,伴随着西方公民教育理论的引入以及人们对当前思想政治教育实效性的关注,思想政治教育与公民教育之间的关系逐渐被提上讨论日程。对于二者关系,理论界存在“替代说”“转型说”“融合说”几种不同的呼声,本论文在分析这几种主张后,比较赞同“融合”这一说法,并进一步讨论分析了公民教育与思想政治教育的联系和区别。 3.1.1公民教育与思想政治教育关系的“替代说” 部分研究者,从我国社会急速转型和时代变化发展出发,针对当前我国思想政治教育存在的不足和弊端,强烈主张用公民教育理论和做法来修正思想政治教育。他们一致认为思想政治课应当以公民教育为发展形态,甚至应该被公民教育取代。(笔者称此类观点为“替代说”)持“替代说”者认为,在现代社会中,社会成员的身份“从‘革命者’到‘公民’目标的转换,意味着传统的政治教育必将被现代公民教育所融合”,“作为社会发展不可或缺的‘政治社会化’途径一一传统的政治教育大当代发展就必然要向着‘公民教育’转化”。们的基本主张是思想政治教育当以公民教育为基本定位,思想政治教育改革要向公民教育延伸转与轨,并主张思想政治教育应该为公民教育服务。他们一方面指出国内思想政治教育在现代民主社会中面临的缺陷以及公民社会对思想政治教育的各种挑战,另一方面指出国外公民教育特别是西方发达国家公民教育在现代政治民主化方面的优越性以及公民教育与思想政治教育在内容与功能上的相似性,从而得出思想政治教育已经远远落后于社会发展需要了,应当以公民教育来修正甚至代替思想政治教育的结论。 “替代说”结合思想政治教育的发展与社会环境的变迁,直视当前思想政治教育实践中存在的种种弊端和问题,为思想政治教育有效性的提升敲响了警钟,并且有利于寻找思想政治教育陷于困境的原因及对策。但是"替代说"取消了思想政治教育的独立性,也挑战了我国思想政治教育的合法性。学界一致认为,公民教育与思想政治教育依凭的社会结构不同,是两种截然不同的社会语境下的产物,二者均与公民的政治生活相关连,是政治社会化的重要途後,具有传递社会主导价值观念的功能。一国政治社会化的途径选择要本国当前的社会结构紧密契合。当前,我国社会正处于传统社会向现代社会的转型时期,典型的现代社会结构初见端悦,但并未完全成型。公民社会虽说正在充分发育,但并不成熟仍处于起步阶段,并且带有政府主导的色彩。而公民教育的出场主要依凭社会的公共领域,要求完全成熟的现代社会结构作为其发展土壤,它的基本目标是培养能够参与社会公共生活的公民,所强调的是公民个人独立自主参与国家政治与公共生活,摆脱政府的控制,这与我国当前尚未完全成型的社会结构存在着无法解决的矛盾。因此,我国当下社会结构现状决定着由国家推行的思想政治教育仍旧发挥着重要社会作用,公民教育无法取代思想政治教育。 3.1.2公民教育与思想政治教育关系的“转型说” 部分学者在看到德育向公民教育成功转型后,产生了思想政治教育要向公民教育转型,以公民教育作为目标定位的的想法。他们认为传统思想政治教育定位在实践发展中巳显现出其局限性,因而主张思想政治教育转变理念,将公民教育作为基本定位,并逐渐向公民教育转轨。他们还提出应该在高校引入公民、公民教育与公民意识的概念,这“既是对高校思想政治教育的完善与创新,也是思想政治教育顺应时代发展的重要历史转型”“公民教育的必要性、重要性和迫切性,正曰益为人们所认识,在我国特别是在高校全面推行社会主义的公民教育,乃是大势所趋”? “但随着社会环境的变化和高等教育的发展,高校的思想政治教育有必要调整其教育目标,按照促进大学生的全面发展的要求,把开展现代公民教育,培养合格的社会主义公民作为高校思想政治教育的重要目标。”持“转型说”者与持“替代说”的理论立足点基本一致,也是基于我国处于社会转型时期,现代社会结构逐步构建,民主政治进一步发展
一、中考英语阅读理解汇编 1．阅读上面的信息，选择正确答案。 ① Jackie, Are you good at fixing printers? The one in my office doesn't work. Please help! Grace ② You can make a cake in about fifteen minutes. First, heat the oven to 350℉. Then, put the flour （面粉） in a bowl and add the milk, butter, eggs and salt. ③ Found A purple schoolbag. Found at the gate. Call Janet at 457-4611. ④ Telephone Message From: Luke Sanger To: Mr. Miller Message: Call him back at 3: 00 p. m. on June 29 at his office number （234-3688）. ⑤Our running club members meet at 7: 00 p.m. every Wednesday. We run in two groups: Beginners （for anyone ） The experienced （for runners who can do 12miles or more ） Join us to keep fit! Call Esteban Lopez at 617-555- 3697. A. office B. mobile phone C. printer D. cake （2）We may read Text ② in a ________. A. cookbook B. music magazine C. weather report D. story book （3）Text ③ should be a ________. A. thank-you note B. letter C. postcard D. notice （4）According to Text④, Luke Sanger should be ________ at 3: 00 p. m. on June 29. A. at home B. in the office C. on the plane D. at the restaurant （5）In Test ⑤, the running club members meet ________. A. once a week B. twice a week C. once a month D. twice a month 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）D （4）B （5）A 【解析】【分析】大意：本文介绍感谢信，蛋糕制作流程，失物招领，和电话和俱乐部等的信息。 （1）细节题。根据 Are you good at fixing printers? 可知打印机出了问题，故选C 。 （2）推断题。本则内容主要介绍如何做蛋糕，因此此则信息可能来自烹饪的书籍，故选A 。