牛津译林八年级上册阅读理解知识梳理
【知识梳理】
知识点一、细节理解题
1、细节理解题的基本要求和特点
初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对
这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在
阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正
确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。
细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。
这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。
2.设题方式
1) 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短
文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读
时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。
2) 常见的命题方式
Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?
Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?
The author mentions all of the following except . . .
The reason for . . .is . . .
The author states that . . .
According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. )...?
Which of the following is right?
Which of the following is not mentioned?
Choose the right order of this passage .
From this passage we know _______.
3)细节题的不同类型
直接信息题
间接信息题
数字计算题
排列顺序题
图表图画题
知识点二、词义猜测题
1、词义猜测的基本要求和特点
所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。
2.常见的命题方式
What does the word “_____”in ..... mean?
It can be inferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断） (from the passage) that the word“_____”mean s _____.
The word ...implies （意味，暗示）that _____.
Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word?
what do you think of the expression _______ stands for?
The word “_____ ” in the passage probably means ________.
In this story the underlined word “ ” means _______.
3.词义猜测题之解题技巧
1）. 通过定义或释义关系来猜测词义
这种同义或释义关系常由is，that is，in other words，be called或标点符号（破折号、冒号、括号）等来表示。例如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought意思为"久旱"，"旱灾"。而a dry period和drought是同义语。
2）. 通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、
Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but，while，however等；二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all...handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即不英俊、
不漂亮的意思。
3）．通过因果关系猜词
通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有
时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。
4）. 通过构词法来猜测词义
在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、
后缀和一些合成词等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。掌握前后缀规律，如un-,
im-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改变词性。而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测
词义；而对词义的转化，也要结合上下文来猜测。
5）. 通过熟词生义来推测词义
例如：Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kind of fruit
grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
6）．通过语境猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如: The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
知识点三、推理判断题
1：推理判断题的特点
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。
这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。
2：推理判断题的解题思路
做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。
3：推理判断题的常见设问方式
We can infer /conclude from the passage that ______.
It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that ________.
The author strongly suggests that_______________.
What do you think would happen (to…) at the end of the story?/ next?
We can infer from the text that _______.
From the story we can guess _____
Here “it” means________.
The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to _______.
The passage is probably from_______
4：推理判断题的常见类型：
推断文章的出处（题材）
与文章细节相关的推断
对文章后续内容的推断
数字相关的计算推断
知识点四、
1：主旨大意类题目的特点
主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。
这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。
2：主旨大意类题目的常见设问方式
批注：上述问法，建议教师让学生全部熟记。讲解时把重要生词如
theme,statements,express,purpose等告知学生。并且在学生练习时，让学生尝试总结与上述问法不同的句子，以锻炼学生的迁移能力以及灵活运用能力。
1）. 主题类
The main idea/ key point of the passage is ________.
The passage is mainly about ___________.
The topic discussed in the passage is ________.
What is the passage mainly about?
Which of the following statements best express the theme of the passage?
What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?
2）. 标题类
The best title/headline for this passage might be______.
The text (passage) could be entitled __________.
The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ________.
What is the best title for the passage?
Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
3). 作者意图类
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ___.
The passage is meant to __________.
The purpose of this article is _______.
The author’s purpose is to show _______.
The purpose of the writer in writing this passage is _______.
The writer writes this text to _______.
The writer believes/suggests that _______.
In this passage the writer tries to tell us that ______.
3：解题技巧
1.)整体思路
（1）仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句
文章的主题句有的文章有而有的却没有，这就需要学生认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出现在文章中间的可能）。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列举一个或几个人们比较熟悉的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看清的是文章的本质而不是表面现象。
（2）对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论
这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，要求学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要完整，不能以点带面，以偏概全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发
现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括不是很完整，这也不是我们所要的最佳答案。
另外，选择“最佳标题”的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时应把握的一条原则。
2. )主题句定位法
即通过分析篇章结构，找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章
的主题句。
主题呈现的方式有：
（1）开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。
（2）藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾。
（3）首尾呼应式。
（4）藏龙卧虎式。
【例题精讲】例1.
Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you ever make a plan before a visit? Every j museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum.
If you follow these steps below, you’ll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that you can make the most of your time at the museum.
Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It's easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!
Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things as：
●The exhibit s (展品) ---See what is on show at the museum at all times, and what special exhibitions are held for a short time.
●The history of the museum---There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors (捐赠者) . That can make your visit more interesting.
● Activities — See whether there are talks, tours or special activities on the day when you visit. Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups.
● Cost, food and storage---It's important to know how much the visit will cost. You have to decide whether or not you can eat there. You might also need to find out about transportation needs, as well as storage for coats, bags, etc.
Learn at least one thing on your visit. It is always good to take away something new from your visit.
Plan breaks into your visit. When you walk around, standing here and studying exhibits there, you may become very tired. So, it is important to take breaks. A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in the museum.
Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else. You can talk over what you’re seeing. A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibits.
1. According the passage, we should first__________.
A. do some research online
B. make a plan for lunch
C. decide on a museum to visit
D. choose a friend to go with
2. To make our visit more interesting, we can__________ .
A. organize activities like special shows and talks
B. read the stories about exhibits and benefactors
C. learn about the interests of all age groups
D. walk around the museum without breaks
3. If we visit a museum with friends, we can____________.
A. share the experience with them
B. come up with strange ideas
C. cut down the cost of the visit
D. discuss the next visit plan
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. What to do in a museum.
B. When to visit a museum.
C. Where to find a museum.
D. How to enjoy a museum.
【参考答案】CBBD
【考察内容】这篇短文主要介绍了如何更好地参观博物馆的五点建议，如：首先选择自己想要去的博物馆，上网搜索了解博物馆，和朋友同行等等。
【解题思路】
1.细节理解题，根据题目中的first可知参观博物馆首先要做的事情，所以根据第一个建议。
2.细节理解题，根据题目中的more interesting结合短文第二点建议中的第二点That can make your visit more interesting.
3.细节理解题，根据最后一段A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibits.可知，朋友能够帮助我们相处不同的想法。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章的布局可以看出是告诉我们如何参观博物馆。
【课堂练习】1.
DIY, which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in UK. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV programmes show people how to DIY.
English people like DIY. There is a saying in UK----"As Englishman's home is his castle". Huge
number of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful "castles". If there is anything that needs fixing around their homes, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experience with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economic downturn at present, many people can not afford a big house. They are looking at how they can make their house better without spending a lot of money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular.
DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture which people need to get together
themselves with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture
because they can't understand the instructions. Sometimes the instructions are simple and clear, but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best intentions. Many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don't care about this warning and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK, including 41,000 who fell off ladders.
Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off more than we can chew. Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY.
1. How do many English people spend their holidays to the passage?
A. Making their homes beautiful.
B. Visiting their friends.
C. Travelling all over the world
D. Making a lot of money
2.Why do English people like DIY?
A. Many stores sell DIY things.
B. DIY can bring them fun.
C. TV programmes teach them to DIY
D. All DIY projects are easy.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. DIY is a waste of money.
B. it is always difficult to DIY.
C. We should be careful while doing DIY.
D. It is very safe for us to DIY.
4. In the passage, "we bite off more than we can chew" probably means.
A. We can eat everything we like.
B. We should do something difficult.
C. We do something that is too difficult.
D. We eat too much food that is not safe.
【参考答案】ABCC
【考察内容】这篇文章主要讲述了英国人喜欢DIY，自己动手做东西，例如自己粉刷墙壁等。DIY可以给人带来很多乐趣，并节约钱。但有些DIY是很难的，而且有些很危险，在DIY时我们要量力而行，注意安全。
【解题思路】
1:判断推理题。根据文中描述English people like DIY. There is a saying in UK----"As Englishman's home is his castle". They like making their house better without spending a lot of money.英国人喜欢DIY,英国有句谚语“英国人的家就是他的城堡”，他们喜欢自己把房子装修得漂亮，而不用花很多钱；故选D。
2:细节理解题。根据文中描述More and more people enjoy the joy of DIY.越来越多的人喜欢DIY所带来的乐趣，所以此题选B，因为DIY可以给他们带来乐趣。
3:判断推理题。根据文中描述DIY can also be dangerous. DIY也是很危险的；故选C，在DIY时我们必须要小心。
4:句意猜测题。根据前文描述D1Y can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be…DIY可以给我们带来乐趣和帮助我们节约钱，但是它并不是总是如我们所认为的那么容易，故判断此句为：如果我们不量力而行的话。故选C，如果我们做一些太难的事情。
课后巩固
A
Dolphins are one of the cleverest animals in the world. We may hear of many stories about how dolphins save people out of water.
Dolphins often eat fish and some other sea animals. A dolphin with a weight of 200kg to 250kg will eat 10kg to 25kg of fish every day. They like to swim with other dolphins and usually hunt in groups.
Dolphins have very good hearing. They use it to find things under the water. Many scientists also believe dolphins can even talk to each other through a special whistle (哨声).People from different areas don’t speak the same language. Just like people, dolphins’ whistles have many kinds. One day we may understand dolphins’ whistles, and then they will be able to tell us about themselves.
Dolphins live in the sea, but they are not a kind of fish and they don’t lay eggs. They have babies in the same way as cows and cats do, and give their babies milk. A female dolphin has a baby every two to three years.
Dolphins are very friendly. Sadly, there are not many kinds of dolphins left. People killed them for many years for food and other things. Now it’s t ime to stop this and perhaps there will be more of them in the years to come.
( ) 1. If a dolphin weighs 240kg, how much of fish may it eat every day?
A. 5kg
B. 16kg
C. 30kg
D. 35kg
( )2. How do dolphins find things under the water?
A. By taste.
B. By smell.
C. By hearing.
D. By touch.
( )3. What can’t dolphins do according to this passage?
A. Save people out of water.
B. Talk to each other.
C. Give babies milk.
D. Lay eggs.
( ) 4. Which of the following is right except______?
A. Dolphins are a kind of fish.
B. Dolphins eat fish and some other sea animals.
C. People may understand dolphins’ whistles some day.
D. Dolphins usually hunt in groups.
( ) 5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. What dolphins eat
B. Where dolphins live
C. How dolphins are swimming
D. Something about dolphins
解析：本文说明了海豚是一种怎么样的动物，从它的体重，食物，习性，听力，繁衍等方面出发，方方面面阐述了海豚本身
1.B 根据A dolphin with a weight of 200kg to 250kg will eat 10kg to 25kg
of fish every day.四个选项中只有16kg符合。
2.C 根据Dolphins have very good hearing. They use it to find things under the water.可知海豚用听力来找东西。
3.D 根据Dolphins live in the sea, but they are not a kind of fish and they don’t lay eggs.可知海豚不可产蛋
4.A 根据Dolphins live in the sea, but they are not a kind of fish and they don’t lay eggs.可知海豚不是鱼，此处注意except除了。
5.D 全文讲述了海豚的重量，习性，食物等，综合考虑，只能选D
B
When you are about to do something brave, a cheerful wish of"Good luck!" from a friend can be helpful. But if you think you need lots of luck, what else might you do?
In the UK and US there are some strange traditions for bringing yourself a little more good luck. Some are hundreds of years old and some are much newer.
Have you heard the saying "When you wish upon a star"? If you are looking up at the sky on a clear night and you see a sudden flash of light, it is probably a shooting star! Seeing one doesn't happen very often. The saying goes that if you see one you have been very lucky, and so if you make a wish, it will come true.
Maybe you have heard of the lucky rabbit's foot. Some people believe that rabbits are lucky animals, so they carry a part of the rabbit, its foot, for good luck. There are all kinds of strange, unclear rules about which of the rabbit's feet is the luckiest. It is said that this good luck tradition is the oldest one of all.
However, as the funny saying goes, "Depend on the rabbit's foot if you will, but remember it didn't work for the rabbit!" People in Britain love trees. If it is autumn and leaves are falling from the trees, some people try to catch the leaves as they fall because they think each leaf they catch will bring them a lucky month in the following year-they will need to catch 12 falling leaves to have a whole of good luck! ( )1. ______ is mentioned in the oldest good luck tradition.
A. A shooting star
B. A falling leaf
C. A cheerful wish from friends
D. A rabbit's foot
( )2. From Paragraph 3, we know that ______.
A. shooting stars can often be seen
B. people can see a shooting star on a rainy night
C. your wish may come true if you see a shooting star
D. people believe that it's unlucky to see a shooting star
( )3. British people try to catch 12 falling leaves because ______.
A. the leaves fall in autumn
B. there are so many leaves to catch
C. they want to have a whole year of good luck
D. the leaves can bring them a lucky month
( )4. In Paragraph 5, the underlined word "them" refers to (指) ______.
A. trees
B. people
C. leaves
D. years
( )5. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. how to wish upon a star
B. things that bring good luck
C. British people love leaves
D. which of the rabbit's feet is the luckiest
解析：本文讲述了从古到今带来好运的方法，如向流星许愿，向掉落的树叶许愿，认为兔子的脚是最幸运的等等奇怪的传统。
1.D 根据It is said that this good luck tradition is the oldest one of all.此处it 指a rabbit's foot
2.C 第三段写了人们认为向流星许愿能够带来好处。
3.C 一片叶子一个月所以12片就是一年的好运。
4.B 是指给人们带来好运，所以答案选people
5.B 本文讲述了如何带来好运，其他均太过片面
C
Do you enjoy visiting a museum? Did you ever make a plan before a visit? Every j museum must have something that attracts you. And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum.
If you follow these steps below, you’ll know what is worth seeing and doing, so that y ou can make the most of your time at the museum.
Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like. It's easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!
Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things as：
●The exhibits (展品) ---See what is on show at the museum at all times, and what special exhibitions are held for a short time.
●The history of the museum---There will often be very interesting stories about the exhibits and the benefactors (捐赠者) . That can make your visit more interesting.
● Activities — See whether there are talks, tours or special activities on the day when you visit. Many museums hold some activities that meet the interests of all age groups.
● Cost, food and storage---It's important to know how much the visit will cost. You have to decide whether or not you can eat there. You might also need to find out about transportation needs, as well as storage for coats, bags, etc.
Learn at least one thing on your visit. It is always good to take away something new from your visit.
Plan breaks into your visit. When you walk around, standing here and studying exhibits there, you may become very tired. So, it is important to take breaks. A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in the museum.
Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else. You can talk over what you’re seeing. A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibits.
1. According the passage, we should first__________.
A. do some research online
B. make a plan for lunch
C. decide on a museum to visit
D. choose a friend to go with
2. To make our visit more interesting, we can__________ .
A. organize activities like special shows and talks
B. read the stories about exhibits and benefactors
C. learn about the interests of all age groups
D. walk around the museum without breaks
3. If we visit a museum with friends, we can____________.
A. share the experience with them
B. come up with strange ideas
C. cut down the cost of the visit
D. discuss the next visit plan
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. What to do in a museum.
B. When to visit a museum.
C. Where to find a museum.
D. How to enjoy a museum.
【参考答案】CBBD
【考察内容】这篇短文主要介绍了如何更好地参观博物馆的五点建议，如：首先选择自己想要去的博物馆，上网搜索了解博物馆，和朋友同行等等。
【解题思路】
1细节理解题，根据题目中的first可知参观博物馆首先要做的事情，所以根据第一个建议。2细节理解题，根据题目中的more interesting结合短文第二点建议中的第二点That can make your visit more interesting.
3细节理解题，根据最后一段A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibits.可知，朋友能够帮助我们相处不同的想法。
4主旨大意题。根据文章的布局可以看出是告诉我们如何参观博物馆。
牛津译林八年级上册词汇专题复习 1. 名词词汇填空题考点： 1) 词性变形： 2) 变复数： 1. 直接加s 2. 以辅音字母+y结尾去y改i加es，如study-studies 以元音字母+y结尾直接加s，如boy-boys 3. 以f，fe结尾去f，fe改v加es，如leaf-leaves wife-wives （初中阶段除了giraffe是直接加s） 4. 以o结尾有生命的加es，没有生命的+s，如potato-potatoes studio-studios 有生命的：hero potato tomato mango 5. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾+es，如brush-brushes box-boxes glass-glasses beach-beaches （但是stomach-stomachs） 6. 单复同形：sheep-sheep fish-fish（鱼） Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 7. 不规则：man-men woman-women mouse-mice child-children tooth-teeth foot-feet（但是walkman-walkmans human-humans German-Germans）
3) 所有格： 表示人和时间的名词，要注意所有格，如：ten minutes’ work。名词所有格是表示所属关系，有以下三种表达方式：‘s; of所有格；双重所有格of +’s 所有格，表示两者共有的，the lily and lucy’s 表示家，店名，诊所等，at the doctor’s, at the Green’s ; 例题： 1.Would you please let me know the __________ (win) names? I’d better write them down now. 解析：根据names，可确定前面应该填一个人，所以把win变为winner。然后根据names复数可知winner也要加s，最后应该是赢家的名字，所以还需加所有格 答案：winners’ I wonder how to use these two different English-English _____________ (字典) correctly. 解析：先拼出单词dictionary，然后圈关键词two可知这里应该填复数 答案: dictionary 2.My grandfather, as a Jew, did stand to fight against the __________ (German) in WWII. 解析：根据句意可知应该填德国人，然后应该是填复数，表示与德国人对抗。 答案：Germans
初中八年级英语易错题专题解析 1.He will do what he can___________(work) out the problem for others. 答案：to work 解析：句意：他将做他能做的目的为了解决问题。表示目的to do。Can后面省略了do，因此用to work。 2.Nothing____________(be) diifficult if we put our heart into it. 答案：will be 解析：if引导的条件状语从句主将从现。If后面是从句，因此前面是主句，将来时。 3.I’m sure you__________(feel)better after taking enough rest at home. 答案：will feel 解析：句意：我确定你们将会感觉好些，因此用将来时will feel 4.I’m sorry for___________(knock) all your books off the desk. 答案：knocking 解析：非常抱歉我把你的书从桌子上撞下来了。For是介词，后面用动词-ing形式。 5.There comes Grandfather’s_________on the phone. A.noise B.sound C.voice D.shout 答案：C 解析：句意：来自爷爷的声音，noise指噪音，sound指自然界的各种声音，voice指人的声音，shout喊叫。 6.If we don’t do anything to keep___________,we will have some problems_________health. A.fit;with B.health;with C.healthy;to D.fit;on 答案：A
2016-2017学年上学期八年级英语组合训练（8） 【完型填空】 The lion is called the king of all animals. Once it was also called as the king of the desert (沙漠). However, lions 1 live in any desert now. Their colour may 2 different from yellow to brown and males (雄性动物) can be from blond to black. The male lions 3 up to 190 kg and are about 1.20 metres tall while the females（雌性动物）weigh nearly 130 kg and are 1 metre tall. They 4 beautiful fur, strong legs with sharp claws and a long tail. Panthera Leo (非洲狮) lives in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. 5 it feeds on many kinds of animals. When it’s 6 its food, it can reach the speed of 60 km per hour and jump even 12 metres. The lion likes to eat its food at once, 7 sometimes it has to hide the food because of hyenas (土狼). Hyenas are the only animals which kill lions for food. The lion lives in small families 8 20 to 30 members. In each family there is usually one 9 male with two or three females with small baby lions. 10 , the lion population is in great danger mainly because of people’s hunting. ( ) 1. A. never B. always C. sometimes D. usually ( ) 2. A. is B. are C. am D. be ( ) 3. A. eat B. weigh C. grow D. hold ( ) 4. A. want B. need C. have D. like ( ) 5. A. Where B. Here C. There D. Which ( ) 6. A.chasing（追逐）B. watching C. enjoying D. thinking ( ) 7. A. so B. but C. and D. because ( ) 8. A. made from B. made of C. made up with D. made in ( ) 9. A. healthy B. beautiful C. young D. grown（成年的） ( ) 10. A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Unluckily D. Cheerfully Baby fact: A healthy female koala can have one chi ( ) 1. When does the koala often move around during a day? A. In the morning. B. In the evening. C. In the afternoon. D. At weekends. ( ) 2. If someone sees a newly born koala, he will find that ___________________. A. it is really small B. it can see everything C. it has thick hair D. it is very big ( ) 3. A baby koala can’t live without ____________________. A. water B. grass C. milk D. meat ( ) 4. Which of the following is TRUE?
重点短语 1.British English英式英语 2.American English美式英语 3.in Year 8/in the 8th grade在8年级 4.discuss sth.with sb.和某人讨论某事 5.in class在课堂上 6.offer sb.help给某人提供帮助 7.spend time on/（in）doing sth.花时间在某物上/做某事 8.look through浏览，快速查看 9.at first起初，首先 10.keep（on）doing sth.继续，重复做某事 重点句型 1.Why don't sb.do sth.? 2.Among all my subjects,I like...best. 3.主语+has/have less+不可数名词+than… 4.主语十has/have the least+不可数名词。 5.主语十has/have fewer+可数名词复数+than……
6.主语+has/have the fewest+可数名词复数。 Unit2 知识点 1、Why don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+主语+谓语动词原形+其他.....为什么不....呢? Why don’t you go to the party? Why didn’t you give them some advice? Why not have a good sleep? 2、in Year 8= in the 8th grade 3、during 介词 4、bring in bring sb sth=bring sth to sb 把某物带给某人 5、discuss sth=take about sth 讨论某事 discuss sth with sb=have a discussion with sb 与某人讨论某事 6、offer sb sth=give sb sth=offer sth to sb=give sth to sb 给某人某物 7、end the meeting 结束会议 8、win 赢得奖品、比赛、名次、战斗（宾语） winner 获胜者
Unit 1 1.口渴的adj. 2.诚实的；正直的adj. 3.秘密n. 4.保守秘密（短语） 5.欢乐，高兴；乐趣n. 6.关心，关注，在意vi; vt. 7.关心，关怀（短语） 】 8.你自己pron. 9.（13至19岁的）青少年n. 10.杂志n. 11.好看的，漂亮的adj. 12.幽默的adj. 13.礼貌的adj. 14.爱整洁的，整洁的adj.. 15.成为；适合linking verb. ) 16.信任vt. 17.谎言n. 18.玩笑n. 19.确实的；的确adj. 20.慷慨的，大方的adj. 21.乐意的，愿意的adj. 22.在任何时候（短语） 23.嗓音n. — 24.歌手n. 25.几乎，差不多adv. 26.圆形的adj. 27.感觉；观念，意识n. 28.幽默（英）n. 29.幽默（美）n. 30.无聊的adj. 31.可容纳，装进vi. { 32.碰，撞；把…撞击成vt. 33.到…的上面prep. 34.笔直的adj. 35.可爱的，惹人喜爱的adj. 36.微笑vi. 37.个性n. 38.选择；挑选vt./ vi. 39.更差，更糟，更坏（bad的比较级）adj. ; 40.最差，最糟，最坏（bad的最高级）adj. 41.高，高度n. 42.重量n. 43.秒n. 44.竞赛，比赛；竞争n. 45.测试，考察n. 46.游泳者n. 47.打算，计划n. ， 48.社会的adj. 49.社会工作者n. 50.马尾辫n. 51.害羞的adj. 52.方形的adj. 53.微笑的，带着笑意的adj. 54.英俊的adj. 55.胖的adj. - 56.勤奋的，工作努力的adj. 57.耐心的adj.
charity n.慈善机构 illness n.疾病 education n.教育 research n.调查，研究 interviewer n.采访者 blindness n.失明 blind adj. 失明的 mostly adv.主要地，一般地 cure vt.治愈，治好 medical adj.疾病的，医疗的 treatment n.治疗，对待 volunteer n.义务工作者，志愿者vi.自愿做；义务做operation n.手术 training n.训练，培训 afford vi.& vt.买得起，能做 operate vi.做手术 proud adj.自豪的，骄傲的 develop vi.发展 quickly adv.迅速地，很快地 disease n.疾病 payment n.付款，报偿 rich adj.富有的 product n.产品，制品 set vi 创建，建立 set up建起，设立 basic adj.基础的，基本的 correct adj.正确的 war n. 战争 organize vt.组织，筹备 toothache n.牙痛 least adv.最小，最少 at least至少，不少于 pain n.疼痛 fever n. 发烧 stomach ache胃痛 headache n.头痛 cough n.咳嗽 flu n. 流行性感冒 be used to习惯于，适应 certainly adv.无疑，确定 enter vi.& vt.进来；成为……的一员，加入
glad adj.高兴，愉快 pancake n.烙饼，薄饼 reduce vt.减小，缩小 turn off关掉 recycle vt.回收利用，循环利用 private adj.私有的，自用的 lead vi.& vt.导致，造成（后果）；带路 mountain n.高山，山岳 stream n.小河，溪 active adj.积极的 step n.步骤，措施 sort vt.整理，把……分类 plastic n.塑料 separate vi.& vt.分开，分离 organization n.组织，团体，机构 truck n.卡车 law n.法律 create vt.创造，创建；创作 cut vt.切，割 cut down砍到 punish vt.处罚，惩罚 produce vt.制造，引起，使产生 June n.六月 treasure n.财富，珠宝 valuable adj.宝贵的，很重要的 rule n.规则，规章 fisherman n.渔民 catch vt.接住，抓住；逮住 meeting n.会议 recently adv.不久前，最近 daily adj.每日的，日常的 tap n.龙头，旋塞 strict adj.严格的，严厉的 March n.三月 dust n.沙土，尘土 wood n.木头，木料 insect n.昆虫 human n.人 hen n.母鸡 silent adj.不说话的，沉默的 simple adj.易做的，简单的 reusable adj.可重复使用的，可再次使用的litter n.垃圾，废弃物
最新译林版英语八年级上册词汇表
Unit 1 1. thirsty adj.口渴的 2. honest adj.诚实的；正直的 3. secret n. 秘密 4. keep a secret 保守秘密（短语） 5. *joy n. 欢乐，高兴；乐趣 6. care vi. & vt. 关心，关注，在意 7. care about 关心，关怀(短语) 8. yourself pron. 你自己 9. *teenager n. (13至19岁的)青少年 10. magazine n. 杂志 11. good-looking adj. 好看的，漂亮的 12. humorous adj.幽默的 13. polite adj.礼貌的 14. tidy adj.爱整洁的，整洁的 15. make v. 成为；适合 16. trust vt. 信任 17. lie n. 谎言 18. joke n.玩笑 19. true adj.确实的；的确 20. *generous adj.慷慨的，大方的 21. *willing adj. 乐意的，愿意的 22. any time(=anytime) 在任何时候(短语) 23. voice n.嗓音 24. singer n.歌手 25. almost adv.几乎，差不多 26. round adj.圆形的 27. sense n.感觉；观念，意识 28. *humour n.幽默（英）=（美） humor 29. bored adj.无聊的 30. fit vi可容纳，装进 31. knock vt.碰，撞；把...撞击成 32. *onto prep. 到…的上面 33. straight adj笔直的 34. sweet adj可爱的，惹人喜爱的 35. smile vi.微笑 36. *personality n个性 37. choose vt.& vi. 选择；挑选 38.worse adj更差，更糟，更坏 （bad的比较级） 39.worst adj最差，最糟，最坏 （bad的最高级）
牛津译林版八年级英语上册任务型阅读专题练习 A game of catch is not difficult at all. Two people throw a ball back and forth( 来回地掷球). It seems a little boring. The two people are close enough to talk, but they can’t touch each other. In fact, playing catch is part of baseball practice. It’s a popular game. Because baseball is an American sport and a big part of being American, playing catch is kind of an all-American dad activity. Outside cities, most people have backyards – n ot large enough to play baseball in, but just big enough for a game of catch. Those without yards can play in streets. But any American kid will tell you it’s much more than a game. Playing catch is a time to be 除了) catching a ball. with your father. It’s a time when there’s nothing to worry about except( When they play it, words move together with the ball itself, back and forth, easy and relaxing(放 松). Kids and dads spend time together. The game can be good memories(记忆) of dads. Why? Dads are usually very busy. This is a 注意力). There is no work, no phone and no time when a kid has all of his or her dad’s attention( other people around to take your dad away from you. For the time that it takes to play a game of catch, your dad is all yours. The Game of61 What’s the game It’s part of baseball62. A 63 game?Two people throw a ball back and forth. 64each other when playing it. ?They can talk but can’ｔ A 65 game?Catch is an all-American activity because 66is part of being American. ?People play the game in yards or67. 68 except catching a ball,69and the ?Players needn’t worry about ball move together when they play it. A Dad-kid game?Kids and dads spend time together. ?A kid can have the 70of his or her Dad when they play the game.
牛津译林八年级上册阅读理解知识梳理 【知识梳理】 知识点一、细节理解题 1、细节理解题的基本要求和特点 初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对 这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在 阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正 确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。 细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。 这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。 2.设题方式 1) 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短 文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读 时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。 2) 常见的命题方式 Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? What is the example of . . . as described in the passage? The author mentions all of the following except . . . The reason for . . .is . . . The author states that . . . According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. )...? Which of the following is right? Which of the following is not mentioned? Choose the right order of this passage .
八年级英语上册复习试题及答案全套 英语单元复习试卷 (8A Unit 1) I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 l. What do I have to do if want to be ____________ ? ( thin) 2. She want to be a____________(sing) when she grows up. 3. What is the ____________ (high) of Yao Ming? 4. The funny boy often makes us ___________ (laugh). 5. My friend is always willing _________ (share) things and help others. 6. My best friend has a good sense of ____________ ( humorous) . 7. Of all the teachers in the school, Mrs Smith is the _________ (patient) with students 8. The more you read, the ___________ (wealth) you will feel in spirit. 9. Shanghai is _____________ ( large) than any other city in China. 10. ---Which do you think is ____________ (valuable) , time or money? --Time, I think. When time is gone, it never comes back II. 单项选择 l. Shanghai is larger than __________in China. A. any city B. any other city C. any cities D. all the cities 2. We must do ___________ work with__________ people. A. more, less B. less, less C. fewer, fewer D. more, fewer 3. His composition is____________ better than mine. A. more B. very C. much D. a lot of 4. ---_____________honest boy you are! ---Thank you! A What an B. What C. How an D. What a 5. ---The Internet service fees are too high, and the speed is too slow. ---That's why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators (运营商）to provide ________ Internet. A. many cheaper and quicker B. very cheaper and quicker C. more cheaper and quicker D. much cheaper and quicker III.阅读理解 A new term might be the best time to make new friends, but it can be hard to begin the first conversation. Below are four useful ways. Take a look. Search for common interests. Talking about shared interests, such as sports and popular talent shows, is the easiest way to make a successful talk with someone. Welcome the silence. In fact, sometimes silence is needed in order to continue a conversation. Remember that if you say something, the other person may need time to understand it. Keep it positive(积极的). To make great small talk, you should keep things fun. You should be cheerful and able to laugh over things that aren’t very interesting. These will make the other person want to keep talking to you. Take it as a learning experience. Every time you meet someone from other places, it’s a good chance to learn something new. You can learn more about their cultures and nations. These make you a more interesting person to talk to as well. 1. How many ways are mentioned to start a conversation in the reading? A. Only one. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
最新牛津译林版八年级英语上册复习试题及答案全套 牛津译林版英语单元复习试卷 (8A Unit 1) I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 l. What do I have to do if want to be ____________ ?( thin) 2. She want to be a____________(sing) when she grows up. 3. What is the ____________ (high) of Yao Ming? 4. The funny boy often makes us ___________ (laugh). 5. My friend is always willing _________ (share) thingsand help others. 6. My best friend has a good sense of ____________ ( humorous) . 7. Of all the teachers in the school, Mrs Smith is the _________ (patient) with students 8. The more you read, the ___________ (wealth) you will feel in spirit. 9. Shanghai is _____________ ( large) than any other city in China. 10. ---Which do you think is ____________ (valuable) , time or money? --Time, I think. When time is gone, it nevercomes back II. 单项选择 l. Shanghai is larger than __________in China. A. any city B. any other city C. any cities D. all the cities 2. We must do ___________ work with__________ people. A. more,less B. less,less C. fewer,fewer D. more,fewer 3. His composition is____________ better than mine. A. more B. very C. much D. a lot of 4. ---_____________honest boy you are! ---Thank you! A What an B. What C. How an D. What a 5. ---The Internet service fees are too high, and the speed is too slow. ---That's why Premier Li Keqiang asks operators (运营商）to provide ________ Internet. A. many cheaper and quicker B. very cheaper and quicker C. more cheaper and quicker D. much cheaper and quicker III.阅读理解 A new term might be the best time to make new friends, but it can be hard to begin the first conversation. Below are four useful ways. Take a look. Search for common interests.Talking about shared interests, such as sports and popular talent shows, is the easiest way to make a successful talk with someone. Welcome the silence. In fact, sometimes silence is needed in order to continue a conversation. Remember that if you say something, the other person may need time to understand it. Keep it positive(积极的). To make great small talk, you should keep things fun. You should be cheerful and able to laugh over things that aren’t very interesting. These will make the other person want t o keep talking to you. Take it as a learning experience. Every time you meet someone from other places, it’s a good chance to learn something new. You can learn more about their cultures and nations. These make you a more interesting person to talk to as well. 1. How many ways are mentioned to start a conversation in the reading? A. Only one. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five. 2. You can start a meaningful conversation by according to the reading.
牛津译林版八年级英语上册阅读理解专项练习 A Nowadays, more and more apps have come into the world. Most of them make our life better. Look at four apps below: 1. If you have problems in remembering English words, which app can help you? A. Baicizhan. B. Douban FM. C. Flipboard. D. Moment Camera. 2. When you use Flipboard, you can . A. listen to music B. learn English C. take pictures D. know about news 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the form above? A. Douban FM is a music app for you to sing songs. B. Flipboard gives you a chance to choose the news that interests you. C. Baicizhan just shows the Chinese and English meanings of a new word. D. Flipboard app was founded two months later than Moment Camera app. B Jack's parents are puzzled(困惑的). Every morning their two boys are nice to each other and they never argue(争吵).
第一学期期末考试八年级英语试卷 命题人：王静审核人：王雨青 笔试部分（100分） 一、单项选择。（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 1. Tom is ________. He is ________ honest boy. We all believe what he says. A.14 years old, a B. 14-year-old, a C. 14 years old, an D. 14-year-old, an 2. Lily's jeans are the same ________ Ann's but different ________ Lucy's. A. as, as B. as, like C. as, from D. like, from 3. Be careful, Tom and Bob, ________ you may hurt ________. A. and, yourself B. or, yourself C. but, yourselves D. or, yourselves 4. Daniel's father looked ________ at him because he broke all the glasses. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily 5.He decided ________ with us and have fun ________ climbing. A. going, to go B. to go, go C. going, going D. to go, going 6. Daniel thinks climbing is ________ diving. A. so excited as B. as exciting as C. so exciting as D. as excited as 7. ________ animals are in danger and there will be ________ space for them if we don’t take any actions. A. More and more, more and more B. Less and less, less and less C. More and more, less and less D. Less and less, more and more 8.The price of this computer is ________ of the two. It's too expensive. A. the higher B. the lower C. the highest D. the lowest 9. Tom's eyesight is poor ________ too ________ homework at night. A. because of, many B. because of, much C. because, many D. because, much 10. If Jim ________ free tomorrow, I’ll ask Tom instead. A. doesn’t be B. won’t be C. is D. isn’t 11. —Did you see a young man in black pass by just now? —No,sir. I ________ a magazine. A.read B.was reading C.am reading D.would read 12. If you visit ________, you’ll see the Eiffel Tower. A. Paris B. Sydney C. Washington D. Tokyo 13. Bad weather may cause natural disasters. Its structure is ________. A. S+V+P B.S+V+DO+OC C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO 14. The correct symbol of “therefore” is ________. A. ∵ B. ∴ C. ＜ D. ＞ 15.—I'm going to have my final exam next month. —________ A. Congratulations! B. That's a good idea! C. Good luck! D. I'd love to.