牛津译林版八年级上册语法总结
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牛津译林版八年级上册语法总结
篇一:新牛津译林版八年级上8A Unit1-8语法总结
八年级上册8AUnit1-8语法总结
1. 形容词/副词的比较等级(1)—用法讲解
大多数的形容词都有三个级别:原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”,用于两者之间的比较,用来说明“前者比后者更……”,比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰,其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。最高级表示“最……”,用于三者及三者以上之间的比较,用来说明“某人或某物在某个范围内最……” ①形容词的比较级(-er)和最高级(-est)的构成
a. 规则变化之口诀:直接加;去e加;双写加;变y加; more/ most
b.
②比较级前的修饰语
still, even, any, quite(a bit), almost, nearly, just, rather;
a little, a bit;much, a lot, far, many;
twice, ten times, one fourth, two pounds, three years
他和我一样高。
②A≠ B They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。③ A > B 或A Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。④表示倍数This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。
⑤
The days are getting shorter and shorter.白天变得越来越长了。 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来越美了。⑥表示两种情况同时变化
我们聚得越多,我们就会越高兴。
The harder you study, the better you’ll be at English.= If you study harder, you’ll be better at English. 你学习越努力,你的英语成绩越好。⑦⑧
⑨
⑩ He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。 = He is taller than any of the other students in his class.
3 祈使句讲解
一、祈使句:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句. 祈使句的作用是要求、请求或命令、劝告、建议别人做或不做一件事。祈使句的句末一般用感叹号,但是有些祈使句的语气较弱,可以用句号结尾
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,例:Go and wash your hands. 例如:保持肃静! Be kind to our sister. Watch your steps. 表示禁止的句式有:不准、
不要、别、No parking.
二、表现形式●肯定结构:
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here.
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don\’t构成,如:Don\’t forget me! Don\’t be late for school!
2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don\’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don\’t let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 用”let”的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点:
1、”let” 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用”Don’t let.....”;如果宾语是第一人称,则用”Let......not” :Don’t let this type of things happen again.
It’s raining now. Let’s not go out until after the rain.
2、”Let”只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如: Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted.
3、”Let”后头除了是不带”to”的不定式动词 (The infinitive without “to”)之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等: Let the puppy out.
Open the windows and let the fresh air in. The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please.
用”Let\’s”时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用”Let us”时,并不包括对方,如:Let’s try it, shall we?
Let us do it by ourselves, will you?
三.祈使句与并列连词and与or 连用时可以表示条件。 Work harder, and you will catch up with your classmates.
4 情态动词 should ,ought to, had better 的用法一. Should 和ought to
1表达职责或义务,提出劝告及一般人们认为应该去做的事,常用来谈论现在和将来。 Ought you to eat so much ?
2.should用于否定句,多表示做了不应该做的事。Ought to 的否定形式是ought not to ,口语中常用oughtn’t to
You oughtn’t to eat so much .