英语被动语态的用法

被动语态

一．英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态.

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.

二．被动语态的用法

1. 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态.eg. My bike was stolen yesterday.

This car is made in American.

2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用. eg. Rome was not built in a day.

3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.eg. Thousands of beaches are polluted

4动作的发出者不是人。Eg .Many houses were washed away in the flood.

三．把主动语态变为被动语态的步骤

宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键，过去分词勿变错，原主变宾by后见

主动语态变被动语态的结构图:Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876

1. 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语.

2.把动词改为被动形式,即 “be + 过去分词” . 注意 be动词要按新的主语的人称和数进行变化,时态要和原来的主动语态的时态保持一致.

3. 原来主动语态句中的主语,如果需要,就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现. 如果没有必要就可以省略.其他的成分 (定语,状语) 不变, 句式也不能变.

注意的事项谓语动词变过分，不忘前面be动词跟 主被动时态一致

注意因人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题

四 。各种时态的被动语态的构成：

1.一般现在时态 am, is, are +过去分词

2.一般过去时态 was, were +过去分词 3.一般将来时态 will/am.is.are going to+ be +过去分词

4.过去将来时态 would/was.were going to+ be + 过去分词

5.现在完成时态 have, has + been +过去分词

6.过去完成时态 had + been +过去分词

7.现在进行时态 am, is, are + being +过去分词

8.过去进行时态 was, were + being +过去分词

9.含情态动词的 : 情态动词 + be +过去分词

变被动语态的特殊情况

五．几种值得注意的被动语态变化

1.动词短语变成被动语态，许多由不及物动词和介词，副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变成被动语态时，不可忘了动词短语的介词或副词。

take care of → be taken care of

cut down → be cut down

laugh at → be laughed at

look after → be looked after

2 主动语态中含有感官动词watch see hear feel notice等

及使役动词 let,make have等后面跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时，应加上不定式符号to.

We often hear them sing this song.

They are often heard to sing this song (by us). This song is often heard (by

us) to be sung (by them).

3.谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化为主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语，

若将直接宾语转化为主语时，则在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for.

tell ask bring write Bob sent Kate a letter last year.

give teach pass lend +to =Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year make =A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.

buy +for Mum made me a new dress.

draw I was made a new dress by Mum.

A new dress was made for me by Mum.

4带复合宾语的被动语态结构 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变为被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，构成主语补足语，

I saw him playing football at that moment.

He was seen playing football at that moment

六 不用被动语态的几种情况

1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。

如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive,

等。* Great changes have taken place in this city

2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 have / fit

I have a TV set. The coat fits me well

3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。

【正】Look at the blackboard，please．

【误】The blackboard is looked at by you

4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态

The fish tastes good. The scarf feels soft.

5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：

【正】You must look after yourself．

【误】Yourself must be looked after

练习题 变被动语态

1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.

2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.

The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month.

3.I found the ticket on the floor. ______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.

4.I told her to return the book in time.

She ______ _______ to return the book in time.

5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.

He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.

6.Now people can use computers to help them.

Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them.

7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?

_______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time?

8.Must we finish our work today? _______ our work______ _______ today?

9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.

1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.

2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.

10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.

Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer.

11.In this factory women do most of the work.

Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory.

12.He can mend the bike in two days.

The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days.

13.You must take this medicine three times a day.

This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day.

14.The students in this school study German.

German _______ ________ by the students in this school.

15.Do they often talk about this question?

______ this question often _______ about _______ _______? 1. The woman asked the policeman for help.

2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.

3. Do they use the box as a table?

4. She sent me a collection last week.

5. The teacher doesn’t teach us math this term

6. Did Lily buy her sister a hat?

7. We often hear him play the violin at home.