Book 9_U2_重点词汇讲解
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牛津高中资源库之词汇设计单元：Unit 2 Witnessing Time板块：词汇精选词汇讲解（一）重点动词讲解1. defeatvt. （在战争、竞赛、比赛中）击败，战胜，After a long campaign Wellington’s army finally defeated Napoleon.经过长时间的战役，威灵顿的军队终于打败的拿破仑。
defeat sb. by (10 points/2)以……比分击败对方The Germany Team defeated the Italy team last night by 2 to 0.昨晚，德国队以2比0战胜意大利队。
n. 失败，战败He was depressed by his defeat. 失败让他沮丧。
【拓展】defeat, beat, win(1) defeat的意思是―战胜，击溃，摧毁‖，指责战争中或一场比赛中击败对方取得胜利，也可以指企图、计划、希望等受到挫折或失败。
(2) beat指在游戏、竞争中击败对方，也指殴打或有规律地击打或跳动，如―击鼓或心脏跳动‖。
(3) win用于战争、战斗中打败敌人，或在较强的比赛中击败对方取得胜利。
(4) defeat和beat的宾语必须是人（people）或一个集体，如team, class, school, army等, win的宾语通常是war, battle, game, match, race, competition, prize, fame等。
I tried to beat/defeat him, but he was too much for me. 我试图打败他，但我力所不及。
He used to beat his son black and blue. 他以前常将他儿子打得青一块紫一块。
They won the battle but lost many men. 他们打赢了这场战斗，却牺牲了很多人。
2. seizevt. 捉住，抓住；抓住（时机），利用（机会）等；He seized her by the hand and shook it heartily. 他拉着她的手高兴地握着。
seize an opportunity 抓住机遇vt. 夺取；攻占The enemy seized control of the town after a violent attack. 敌人猛攻后占领了这个城镇。
【拓展】seize, catch, take, grasp(1) seize 突然迅速用力―抓住‖，如夺取政权，攻占，夺取（时间），强调占领，占据，有经过较长时间才获得而后紧抓不放的含义。
seize political power 夺取政权seize control of 夺取对……的控制权(2) catch 抓住；赶上；理解How can you catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger’s lair?不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
Sorry, I didn’t catch what you said.抱歉，我没听懂你说的。
(3) take拿到；带走；赢得（比赛）；就任（职位）等Jane took the first place in the race. 珍在比赛中赢得第一。
(4) grasp（牢牢地）抓住；领会（精神）She grasped the rope tightly with her hands.她用手紧紧抓住绳子。
3. dislikevt. 不喜爱，厌恶dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事dislike it + 宾语从句My brother dislikes seeing you with me. 我哥不喜欢看到你和我在一起。
I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
n. 不喜爱，厌恶dislike of /for 不喜欢某事take s dislike to sb. 不喜欢某人I took an instant dislike to him. 我一见他就不喜欢。
4. chargevt.控告，指控；指责charge sb. with (doing) sth.He was charged with stealing. 他被指控偷盗。
The roport charges cars with being responsible for half of the century’s air pollution problem.该报告称汽车是半个世纪以来污染问题的罪魁祸首。
【拓展】vt. & vi. 要价；收费charge (sb. / sth.) for sth.为……向某人要价charge (sb.) sth. (for sth.)Most clubs charge for the use of tennis courts. 多少俱乐部对使用网球场都要收费。
The restaurant charged us $ 40. for the wine. 饭店收了我们40块的酒水钱。
n. 控告；费用；掌管The project is in the charge of an experienced engineer. 这项工程在有经验的工程师的掌管下。
(1) (sb.) (be) in charge of sth. 意思是―管理；负责‖，含主动含义，sb. 做主语。
The chairman declared that the manager would be in direct charge of the project.主席宣布经理直接负责这个项目。
(2) (sth.) (be) in / under the charge of sb. = (sth.) (be) in / under the charge of sb. 由……掌管，含被动的含义，sth.做主语The chairman declared that the project would be in the charge of the manage. 主席宣布这个项目由经理负责。
(3) take charge of 有时可代替be in charge of, 而take charge of 更侧重动作。
When did you take charge of the company? 你什么时候开始掌管这家公司？He left his son in charge of the company. 他让儿子负责这家公司。
5. enlargevt. （使）增大；（使）扩大We’re planning to enlarge our garden. 我们正打算扩大花园。
Travel broadens our eyes and enlarges our mind. 旅游使我们开阔视野，心胸宽广。
vi. 扩大，扩展His interests have recently enlarged. 他的兴趣最近扩大了。
6. cancelvt. 取消，撤销；抵消；删除The game was cancelled because of the rain. 比赛因雨取消。
Because we are out of funds, we have to cancel some orders of goods. 因为手头缺钱，我们只能取消一些订货单。
You’d better cancel this paragraph. 你最好把这一段删掉。
7. inspectvt. 检查；审查；检阅；视察；参观The Customs officer took charge in inspecting outgoing baggage. 这位海关官员负责检查外出的行李。
Followed by some of his officers, Napoleon inspected his troops. 在几位官员的陪同下，拿破仑检阅了他的军队。
The government officials went to inspect several local factories. 政府官员视察了好几家本地工厂。
【拓展】inspection n. 检查；检验；审查；检阅；参观常与以下动词搭配使用，表示（进行）检查/ 参观等：carry out an inspection, make an inspection, hold an inspection; 也用have an inspection, undergo an inspection 表示接受检查等。
During his visit, he made an inspection of a primary school. 在他访问期间，他参观了一所小学校。
inspector n. 检查员；监察员；视察员；巡官a health inspector 健康检查员a school inspector 督学a ticket inspector 查票员8. markvt. 标明，标示；做记号于；留痕迹于be marked on 标记在be marked with 标记着The route on the map has been marked in red. 路线用红色标明了。
Prices are marked on the goods. = The goods are marked with prices. 价格标在商品上。
A large scar marked his cheek. 他的面颊上有一大块疤。
9. raisevt. 举起；提出；提升；抚养，养育；种植；筹集The pupil raised his hand, hoping that the teacher would ask him to answer the question.这小学生举起手，希望老师会让他回答问题。
raise your eyes 抬起眼睛（向上看）raise a question / objection / point, etc. 提出问题/ 反对/ 观点He was raised in pay because of his excellent performance in the company.他因在公司的出色表现而加到工资了。
Many women return to work after raising their families. 许多妇女在子女长大后重新就业。
She was born in the country but raised in the city. 她是出生在农村长在城市。
