必修三 unit3 短语
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第一课时如何写好主语
主语是一个句子中最重要、最核心的两个部分之一。
一、单词作主语
1．主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当
All efforts will be in vain if we can't learn English by practicing repeatedly.(名词作主语)
如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。
注意：
(1)使用高级词汇(except, besides, with, as well as, together with, along with等)连接主语。
(注意谓语动词一般与前面主语一致)
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
老师和他的学生们要去参观博物馆。
(2)使用高级量词(quantity, amount等)修饰主语。
(注意谓语动词的单复数形式)
募集了大量的善款来帮助那些遭受水灾的人们。
→A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods.
→Large quantities of money have been collected to help those suffering from the floods.
二、动名词作主语
1．直接位于句首作主语（动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。
）
In my opinion, learning English well is very important.
依我之见，学好英语是很重要的。
2. 用it作形式主语
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，较复杂的动名词短语作主语时，可用it作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句末。
常用句型：It＋be＋名词或形容词(good，no good，no use，fun，pleasure，better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless)＋动名词
It is no good learning without practice.
学而不用无益。
三、动词不定式作主语
1．直接位于句首作主语
To have a positive attitude is wise when we are let down.
当遭遇挫折时，怀有积极的态度是很明智的。
常用句型二：It＋be＋形容词(good，kind，nice，clever，foolish，right，polite，impolite，rude，brave，stupid，silly，selfish ...)＋of sb. to do sth. “……能够做……真是……
It's rude of him not to invite you.
没有邀请你，他很失礼。
常用句型三：It＋be＋名词(one’s responsibility，one’s honor，
a hardship，a pleasure ...) to do sth. “做……是某人的责任/
某人的荣幸/一件艰苦的事情/一件快乐的事情……”
It is our responsibility to learn advanced science and technology to build socialism.
学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。
常用句型四：It takes (sb.)＋时间(金钱)to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间(金钱)”
It took us a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.
徒步到达山顶花了我们一整天。
3．疑问词(who, what, which, when, where, whether, how)＋
动词不定式作主语
什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。
When to leave for Shanghai has not been decided yet.
四、从句作主语——主语从句
从句作主语(即主语从句)，这种句型属于高级句式，要注意把握句子的正确性；主语从句常使用it作形式主语。
What you say is not important.=It is not important what you say.
常用句型一：It＋be＋形容词/名词词组/过去分词＋主语从句
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny's birthday party or not.
常用句型二：It＋不及物动词(seem/appear/happen/occur to ...)＋主语从句
It happened that he was out when I got there.
当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。
