耐高渗透压酵母生产甘油及阿拉伯糖醇的研究I.菌种的分离及筛选
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微生物产木糖醇的研究进展及应用前景分析发布时间:2023-05-16T08:22:15.985Z 来源:《新型城镇化》2023年9期作者:田强孟雯雯孔莉莉董睿谢秀云石娜娜贾海霞于华[导读] 目前,世界上对微生物发酵法生产木糖醇的研究很多,已取得不少成果,令人关注。
山东福田药业有限公司山东德州 251200摘要:目前,世界上对微生物发酵法生产木糖醇的研究很多,已取得不少成果,令人关注。
微生物发酵法不需要化学合成法所必需的高压高温反应条件,还可综合利用像树枝、落叶等大量未利用生物量资源,既解决了原料问题,还解决了环境问题,为木糖醇的生产开辟了新途径。
关键词:微生物发酵;木糖;木糖醇;阿拉伯糖;阿拉伯糖醇;工业生产中,生产木糖醇的原料主要是纸浆和玉米芯中所含有的多缩木糖(Xytan)成分,调制生产得到木糖,然后使用镍作催化剂,在氧化还原作用(加氢作用)下生产得到木糖醇制品。
关于木糖醇发酵生产法的研究目前世界已经有许多,在生产性和成本上比化学还原法,其优位性还不低。
1 从木糖开始的木糖醇生产1.1 可产生木糖醇的微生物众所周知,能资化(同化)木糖的酵母在特定的培养条件下,可以在培养基质中积累木糖醇代谢产物。
在有关发酵法生产木糖醇的研究中,这类酵母是最常利用的。
作为从木糖到产生木糖醇的酵母有假丝酵属、毕赤氏酵母菌属、德巴利氏酵母属等多种。
特别是热带假丝酵母等酵母大多产生木糖醇的能力高,收率(生成物质量/消耗基质质量)大约在70%~85%(如下页表1)。
另外,还发现了丝状菌、细菌肠杆菌科、肠杆菌属变种和纤维单胞菌菌属等,也能利用木糖转化生产木糖醇。
1.2 酵母生产木糖醇的机制(机理)假丝酵母菌属(Candida)的酵母通过如图1所示的代谢路线生产木糖醇。
木糖原料(基质)首先在木糖还原酶(XR)作用下还原成木糖醇。
然后在木糖醇脱氢酶作用下氧化生成D-木糖。
D-木糖磷酸化以后,通过戊糖磷酸代谢路线代谢。
相对于第一个反应的催化剂主要利用的辅酶NAD PH,第二个反应的催化剂XDH(木糖醇脱氢酶)是利用NAP+作为辅助酶发生作用的,XR是利用NAD PH和NADH两者而存在。
牛栏山酒厂优良酿酒酵母的筛选及鉴定王勇【摘要】白酒的发酵过程主要是酒精发酵和风味物质形成的过程.在白酒生产中,酒精发酵过程主要是由酿酒酵母通过糖酵解途径,将发酵中的糖类分解为二氧化碳和酒精,在生成酒精的同时,酿酒酵母还能够生成多种有机酸、高级醇及酯类物质,这些物质在基酒的风味中发挥重要作用.优良性状的酿酒酵母可以起到提高出酒率,增加风味物质含量,节约粮食的目的.牛栏山酒厂针对特定工艺,对大曲及发酵过程中微生物进行分离鉴定,获得20株酿酒酵母菌,并结合生化性能筛选实验,最终筛选出产酒精能力、耐酒精能力、发酵力以及发酵产物方面较为优秀的酿酒酵母菌2株,命名为Y006和Y008.将2株酿酒酵母菌分别制作成强化麸曲添加到酿酒生产实验中,均起到了增加乙酸乙酯,适量控制乳酸乙酯,降低杂醇油含量且提高出酒率的作用.%Liquor fermentation is the process of alcoholic fermentation and the formation of flavoring substances. In alcoholic fermen-tation, sugar is decomposed into carbon dioxide and alcohol through glycolysis byS.cerevisiae. At the same time, a variety of organic acids, higher alcohols and ester compounds are produced. Those substances play important roles in base liquor flavor. It can be con-cluded that S.cerevisiae strains with excellent performance are capable of enhancing liquor yield, increasing flavoring compounds con-tent, and saving grains. In this study, 20 S.cerevisiae strains were isolated in Niulanshan Distillery. Through biochemical property screening test, two S.cerevisiae strains with excellent alcohol-producing capability, alcohohol resistance, fermenting power and fer-menting products were finally obtained and they were named Y006and Y008. The two strains were used for the preparation of Fuqu and then used respectively in liquor-making, which could increase ethyl acetate, control ethyl lactate properly, reduce fusel oil, and in-crease liquor yield.【期刊名称】《酿酒科技》【年(卷),期】2017(000)004【总页数】5页(P61-64,67)【关键词】微生物;产酒精能力;耐酒精能力;酿酒酵母【作者】王勇【作者单位】北京顺鑫农业股份有限公司牛栏山酒厂,北京 101301【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS262.3;TS261.1;TS261.4;Q93-3在白酒生产中,酒精发酵过程主要是由酿酒酵母完成的,优良的酿酒酵母可以起到提高出酒率、改善基酒质量、节约粮食的作用。
高耐性酿酒酵母的筛选及其耐受性研究付肖蒙;王鹏飞;郝爱丽;洪坤强;肖冬光【摘要】Adding excellent resistant strains can effectively improve the production efficiency of soy sauce and quality and flavor of products.Two strains of yeast resistant high temperature,hyperosmotic and high acid were screened and were used in the fermentation of soy sauce.The number and morphology of the colonies of different dilutions were compared by the dilution plate after the high temperature heat shock of the yeast,and the tolerance of each strain was compared by the growth on the hyperosmotic plate and the high acid plate and the growth curve determination in the resistance medium.The results of dilute point plate experiments and growth curve showed that the colony morphology and size of Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-19 and L-38 in the conditions of 55 ℃ heat shock and solid plate (containing 6% NaC1,0.6% acetic acid and 5%lactic acid) were better than that of soy sauce yeast,and the growth ratesof S.cerevisiae L-19 and L-38 in a liquid medium containing high salt and high acid were higher than that of soy sauce yeast.Therefore,two strains of yeast with high tolerance were successfully screened.%优良的耐逆性菌株的添加能有效提高酱油生产效率和产品品质风味,该研究筛选出两株耐高温、耐高渗和耐高酸的酵母菌株用于酱油发酵.通过对酵母菌株高温热激之后稀释点板,对比各稀释度的菌落数量和形态,以及通过在高渗板和高酸板上各个菌的生长情况和在抗性培养基中菌的生长曲线测定来对比各菌株的耐受性.稀释点板实验以及生长曲线结果都显示,酿酒酵母L-19和L-38在55℃热激条件下以及在分别含有6%NaC1、0.6%乙酸和5%乳酸固体平板上菌落形态和大小都优于酱油酵母,而且在含有高盐和高酸的液体培养基中生长速率均高于酱油酵母.因此,成功筛选出两株具有高耐性的酿酒酵母.【期刊名称】《中国酿造》【年(卷),期】2017(036)010【总页数】4页(P23-26)【关键词】酿酒酵母;高耐性;酱油发酵【作者】付肖蒙;王鹏飞;郝爱丽;洪坤强;肖冬光【作者单位】天津科技大学生物工程学院工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室,天津300457;天津科技大学生物工程学院工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室,天津300457;天津科技大学生物工程学院工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室,天津300457;天津科技大学生物工程学院工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室,天津300457;天津科技大学生物工程学院工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室,天津300457【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS261.1酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)是一类单细胞真核微生物,由于其生长旺盛、生物量大和具有较高的生物安全性等优点,广泛应用于食品、医药、能源等领域。
耐盐产酯酵母的筛选、鉴定及其特性黄桂凤,童辉绍,苏诗琪,施俊博,唐敬军,叶志林,蒋敏华,马小雯,(广东轻工职业技术学院,广州,510300)摘要:为了提升高盐发酵酱类产品的风味,从自然发酵的辣椒酱中筛选高产酯的菌种。
通过发酵筛选和产物分析,获得1株乙酸乙酯高产菌种DZ-3。
经过形态特征、生理生化特征和18S rDNA分子生物学分析,菌种DZ-3被鉴定为皮状丝孢酵母。
通过氮源和发酵条件的优选试验,确定菌种DZ-3最佳氮源是酵母膏,最佳的摇瓶发酵条件为:温度28 °C、初始pH6.0和转速200 rpm,乙酸乙酯的最高产量达3.84 g/L。
以含有0~180 g/L氯化钠的培养基中进行耐盐性试验,菌种DZ-3表现出较强的耐盐性。
关键词:产酯酵母;耐盐;筛选;鉴定;特性Screening, Identification and Characterization of a Salt-tolerant andEster-producing YeastHUANG Gui-feng, YE Zhi-lin, MA Xiao-wen, SU Shi-qi, JIANG Min-hua, TANG Jing-jun, SHI Jun-bo,TONG Hui-shao, CHEN Wei-xin, LI Jing, DENG Mao-cheng(Guangdong Industry Technical College, Guangzhou 510300)Abstract: In order to upgrade the flavor of high-salt fermentation paste products, high ester-producing and salt-tolerant strains were screened from natural fermentation chili sauce. The strain DZ-3 with the highest ester-producing capability was obtained by fermentation screening and product analysis. DZ-3 was identified as Trichosporon cutaneum by using the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 18S rDNA sequences analysis. By means of optimization tests, the optimal nitrogen resource for strain DZ-3 was yeast extract and the best fermentation conditions for ethyl acetate-producing were determined as temperature of 28 °C, initial pH of 6.0 and rotation speed of 200 rpm. The highest yield of ethyl acetate reached 3.84 g / L with the optimal condition. Series of salt tolerance tests were performed in a medium containing 0 ~ 180 g / L sodium chloride and strain DZ-3 showed good salt resistance. Key words: ester-producing yeast; salt tolerant; screen; identification; characterization引言酯类是酒类、酱类的重要香气物质,这些产品中常见的酯类有甲酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等[1-2]。