2019-2020年高中英语必修5Module2Period1：Reading-TheHumanTrafficSignal

2019-2020年高中英语必修5Module2Period1：Reading-TheHumanTrafficSignalGoals●To learn about jobs done by people in English●To learn to read with strategiesProcedures▇Warming up by learning about “jobhunting”Good morning, class. Today we shalltake Unit 2: A Job Worth Doing. But firstwe have to find a job, that is, to hunt ajob."Job hunting" is the act of looking foremployment. It is also known as jobseeking. The immediate goal of jobseeking is usually to obtain a job interview and ultimately a form of employment.The people in the pictures on page 11 are doing jobs of different types.What are you going to do in the future?Now go to page 12. Let’s read about an unusual job. The man in the article is working as a traffic light or traffic signal. Do you think it strange? A traffic light or traffic signal is a signaling device positioned at a road intersection or pedestrian crossing to indicate when it is safe to drive, ride or walk, using a universal color code. Yes, this man is working as a signaling device, not for money but for helping people.▇Before you readPlease go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.▇While you readCut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.▇After you readCopy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book and make your own sentences with them.■Read to transfer information■Learning to read in English1. Pay attention when you read and read as if it really matters.PAY ATTENTIONPAY ATTENTION andPAY ATTENTION.2. Stop talking to yourself when you read. People talk to themselves in 2 ways, by:vocalizing, which is the actual moving of your lips as you read, andsub vocalizing, which is talking to yourself in your head as you silently read. 3. Read in thought groups.Try to read in phrases of three or four words, especially in plete clauses and prepositional phrases.4. Don't keep re-reading the same phrases.Poor readers habitually read and re-read the same phrase over and over again.5. Vary your reading rate to suit the difficulty and type of writing of the text.Poor readers always read at the same slow rate. An efficient reader speeds up for easier material and slows down for the hard.■Reading more about “Kinds of Jobs”What kinds of jobs do people do? Some that I have been interested in at various times.ArtistI include artists in all media, including words, images, buildings, drama, dance and more. These people work with ideas and emotions as they are expressed in some kind of artifact, so let it include even the arts and crafts types who are usually sneered at by fine artists. I just don't have the vision to be much of an artist, although I have bursts of pretentiousness which make me want to be an artist of some kind. What's annoying is that I will get an idea for a novel or a movie or a TV show but then it won't crystallize, and then I get bored with it. At the moment I am not responding very well to art. Something about abstraction is frustrating me, and it has a destructive effect on trying to invent imaginary worlds, events and characters. I've never been much for visual arts, unless you count graphic arts.DesignerA person who blends aesthetics with practical production: architectures, graphic artists and print designers, industrial designers and the like. Game designers, too, I guess. This is the sort of work I am probably most suited to, but I have found that because it needs some kind of practical impetus, it is difficult to e up with projects independently, at least for me. Also, I find that I have trouble "seeing" various design choices -- finding the suitable one. One design job that used to really interest me, and which is really obscure, is typeface design. I got pretty interested in it as a teenager, but I just couldn't get into it full time. I think I was partly discouraged by my atrocious, left-handed penmanship. I am always in awe of skilled calligraphers. I used to spend hours and hours designing posters or just drawing words, but I could not paint them, so I would carefully construct the outlines and then fill them in.TechnicianA specialist in a technical field, usually related to the production or operation ofsome kind of specialized equipment. You get a lot of job titles that include "engineer" that are not engineers -- those are technicians. Audio engineers, for example. It sounds fancier. I would make a great technician, because it requires fairly strict, but not absolute, conformance to rules of the domain. Equipment operation is readily "benchmarked" for efficiency, which my mechanical mind is pretty good at. However I have not acquired much in the way of technical knowledge in my life, since I fear the dangers of obsolescence. Information technology work is mostly a highfaluting kind of technician work, with a large base of theoretical knowledge. It lends itself to the bureaucratic mind, which is something that many people, myself included, find forting. But it also lends itself to rigidness, which is not something I see as positive. ScientistThe scariest calling -- to extract the secrets of the universe, its function and its rules. It requires a kind of obsession which I do not have, and a love of nature, which I am generally half-hearted about, and a capability to invent, perform and document detailed experiments in order to discover properties of the test subject -- and I hate experimentation. I figured this out right away in first year university. I think scientists are great and I like to learn about science (maybe not so much now as I used to), but this was a brief dream for me.EngineerSuper-technician. Too nerve-wracking, because engineers make things that people's lives depend on, like vehicles, buildings, electric grids, medical equipment and the like. While I would certainly derive pride from helping build a new and better orbital vehicle, that's pure fantasy. Engineering is all the worst parts of science and all the worst parts of design. I love what they make and, like scientists, I respect them immensely, but I do not have a brain for remembering rules and formulae. I would get people killed for sure.AnalystYou know, like economists and financial analysts and accountants. I am sure there are analysts who do not work with money, but that seems to be theprimary area. I never seriously considered anything in this realm, but I did think about it briefly once. I think that at least part of the skill set of an analyst is overlaps with that of other fields, since you have to be able to look at a system, understand it, and predict its behaviour in most technically-related work. But money and business systems are very abstract, almost virtual. Lately I am having a lot of trouble with anything abstract. It's all just turning into a haze of symbols.ClerkYeah, no kidding, sometimes I miss just being the guy who tells you where it is on the shelf. Reliable, predictable, concrete, orderly, tactile, and prehensible. A retail store is a nice static system. And I want to distinguish a clerk, who just facilitates a purchase, from a sales person, who attempts to encourage or invent the desire for a purchase. Clerks don't have stress and they don't make any money, usually not even enough to live on, unless they are at a fancier retailer like The Bay or Sears. There are all kinds of other jobs also called "clerk" but I have to admit I do not know anything about them. But they do have a nice, safe, routine tedium to fort them when they feel like the world is turning upside down. Everybody needs some level of stability.■Closing down by telling about your future job2019-2020年高中英语必修5Module2Period2：Grammar--Reviewofverbforms(I) Goals●To review Past simple, past perfect and past continuousProcedures▇Reviewing Present simple, present continuous, present perfectSimple PastFORM Simple Past[VERB+ed]EXAMPLES:I visited my friends.I often visited my friends.NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with only one part such as Simple Past (visited), adverbs usually e before the verb (often visited). Please remember this is different fromverbs with more than one part such as Present Continuous.USE 1pleted Action in the PastUse the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.EXAMPLES:I saw a movie yesterday.I didn't see a movie yesterday.Last year, I traveled to Japan.Last year, I didn't travel to Japan.She washed her car.She didn't wash her car.USE 2A Series of pleted ActionsWe use the Simple Past to list a series of pleted actions in the past. These actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...EXAMPLES:I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.USE 3Single DurationThe Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is a long action often used with expressions like "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day"or "all year."EXAMPLES:I lived in Brazil for two years.Shauna studied Japanese for five years.They sat at the beach all day.We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.How long did you wait for them?We waited for one hour.USE 4Habit in the PastThe Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to". To make it clear that we are talking about a habit we often use expressions such as "always," "often," "usually," "never," "...when I was a child" or "...when I was younger" in the sentence.EXAMPLES:I studied French when I was a child.He played the violin.She worked at the movie theater after school.They never went to school, they always skipped.IMPORTANT "When clauses" happen firstClauses are groups of words which have meaning but are not plete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word when such as "When I dropped my pen..." or "When class began..." These clauses are called "when clauses" and they are very important. The examples below contain "when clauses."EXAMPLES:When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question.She answered my question, when I paid her one dollar."When clauses" are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in the Simple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing. First, I paid her one dollar, and then, she answered my question. However, the example below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid her a dollar.EXAMPLE:I paid her a dollar, when she answered my question.ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple PastEXAMPLES:Tom repaired the car. ACTIVEThe car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVEPast PerfectFORM Past Perfect[HAD] + [PAST PARTICIPLE]Examples:I had studied a little English when I came to the U.S.They had never met an American until they met John.NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Perfect (had met), adverbs often e between the first part and the second part (had never met).USE 1 pleted Action Before Something in PastThe Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. EXAMPLES:I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 1992?Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before in 1988.USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past(Non-continuous Verbs)With Non-progressive Verbs and some non-progressive uses of Mixed Verbs, we use the Past Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until another action in the past.EXAMPLES:We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past PerfectUnlike the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with the Past Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary.EXAMPLE:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used instead of the Past Perfect when before or after is used in the sentence. The words before and after actually tell you what happens first so the Past Perfect is optional. Both sentences below are correct.EXAMPLE:She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in 1996.HOWEVERIf the Past Perfect action did not happen at a specific time, Past Perfect MUST be used at all times. pare the two sentences below.EXAMPLE:She had never seen a bear before she moved to Alaska. CorrectShe never saw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not CorrectACTIVE / PASSIVE FORMS Past PerfectEXAMPLESGeorge had repaired many cars before he received his mechanics license. ACTIVE Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license.PASSIVEPast ContinuousFORM Past Continuous[WAS / WERE] + [VERB+ing]EXAMPLES:I was studying when she called.I was carefully picking up the snake when it bit me.NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one part such as Past Continuous (was picking), adverbs often e between the first part and the second part (was carefully picking).IMPORTANTClauses are groups of words which have meaning but are not plete sentences. Someclauses begin with the word when such as "...when she called " or "...when it bit me." Clauses with the Past Continuous usually start with while. While expresses the idea "during the time." Study the examples below. They have the same meaning.EXAMPLES:I was studying when she called.While I was studying, she called.USE 1Interrupted Action in the PastUse the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually an action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruption in time.EXAMPLES:I was watching TV when she called.When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.Sally was working when Joe had the car accident.While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.USE 2 Specific Time as an InterruptionIn USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by an action in the Simple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.EXAMPLES:Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.IMPORTANTIn the Simple Past a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous a specific time only interrupts the action.EXAMPLES:Last night at 6 p.m., I ate dinner.(I started eating at 6 p.m.)Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.(I started earlier and at 6 p.m. I was in the process of eating dinner.)USE 3Parallel ActionsWhen you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel. EXAMPLES:I was studying while he was making dinner.While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.They were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time.USE 4AtmosphereIn English we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere in the past. EXAMPLE:When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were plaining to each other about the bad service.USE 5Repetition and Irritation with "Always"The Past Continuous with words such as always or constantly expresses the idea thatsomething irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar to the expression used to but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words always or constantly between "be" and "verb+ing."EXAMPLES:She was always ing to class late.He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.I didn't like them because they were always plaining.IMPORTANT Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed VerbsIt is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any "continuous" tenses. Also, certain "non-continuous" meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in "continuous" tenses. To express the idea of Past Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Past.EXAMPLES:Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not CorrectJane was at my house when you arrived. CorrectACTIVE / PASSIVE Past ContinuousEXAMPLES:The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. ACTIVE The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.PASSIVE■Making a summary of tenses。