科技文
1.单心室辅助人工心脏应用于实验动物山羊，存活11天又23小时。在存活期间，动物心电图，中心静脉压，呼吸，体温等参数基本正常。石泵分流量可调，驱动装置连续工作11天，性能稳定可靠。动物死后的病理解剖表明，死亡的主要原因是肾动脉的广泛性血栓引起的急性肾功能衰竭。
A univentricular assistant artificial heart was applied to the experiment goat, which survived for
11 days and 23 hours. During the period of survival, the parameters such as E.C.G., central venous blood pressure, respiration and temperature appeared to be essentially normal. The necessary amount of blood flow was well regulated by the pump. The driving system worked continuously, smoothly and reliably for 11 days. Postmortem patho-anatomy revealed that the chief cause of the animal’s death was acute renal failure as a result of widespread multiple embolism of renal arteries.
2.中国已经成功地发射了第一颗试验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.
3.石墨晶体结构遭到破坏时，总是碎化为微小尺寸的片状粉末。孤立的石墨烯片在其边缘存在大量的悬挂键，使得石墨烯片的能量较高，状态也不稳定。石墨烯片卷曲形成碳纳米管后，悬挂键减少，系统能量相应降低。
When a graphite crystal is crushed, it breaks into micro-scaled laminar flakes. There are many dangling bonds on the edge of an isolated graphite micro-sheet which elevates its energy and makes it unstable. When a graphite micro-sheet curls into a nanotube, the number of dangling bonds decreases, and the system energy is reduced accordingly.
4.舌诊是传统中医诊病的重要方法，然而传统舌诊中存在一个很大的问题是具有主观性，难于进行定量化描述。随着计算机技术的发展，图像处理和模式识别技术正在用于舌诊的辅助诊断。
Tongue diagnosis is an important diagnostic method in traditional Chinese medicine. However, one important problem in tongue diagnosis is that its practice is subjective, qualitative and difficult in automated diagnosis. Recently it is a trend to utilize the image processing and pattern recognition technology in aid of the quantitative analysis of tongue image.
5.指南针是利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性而制成的一种指向仪器，它和以差动齿轮结构的指南车不同。我们现在所说的指南针是个总的名称，在各个不同的历史发展时期，它有不同的形体，也有不同的名称，如司南、指南鱼和指南针。关于指南针的最初发明者和发明年代现在无可查考。但是有一点是清楚的：指南针是我国古代劳动人民在长期的生产实践中集体智慧的结晶。
A magnetic compass is an instrument showing direction based on the phenomenon that a magnetic bar or needle swinging freely in the earth’s magnetic field will direct itself to lie in a magnetic south-north position. It differs from the south-pointing chariot in that the latter has differential gearing. The term “compass” in this article includes all the various models in different historical periods, among them there are the Sinan, the Zhinanyu and the Zhinanzhen. The inventor and the exact invention dates remain unknown, but it is clear that the primitive magnetic south-pointing instrument appeared very early in China as a result of the knowledge people gained over long years of labor.
6. 原油一般发现地下之深处，只通过对地表面的研究是不能确定油的存在的。因此必须进行地下岩石结构的地质勘测。如果认为某地区的岩石中有油，就架起钻井机。钻井机最显目的部分是称之为起重机的高塔。钻孔后放下管道，起重机就是用来起吊一节节管道的。钻井时，将钢管压进孔道，既能防止四壁向内塌陷，又能防止水灌进孔道。一旦发现了油，油管的顶端就牢牢地套上一个盖子，这样油便通过一系列的阀门源源不断地喷出来。
As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a drilling-rig is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling-rig is a tall tower which is called a derrick. The derrick is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in and to stop water filling the hole. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of vales.
7.“苏钢”操作的要点是：先把料铁放到炉里鼓风加热，后把生铁的一端斜放到炉口里加热，
继续鼓风，使炉内温度不断升高。当炉温在摄氏一千三百度左右的时候，炉内的生铁不断地往下滴铁水，料铁已经软化。然后钳住生铁块在炉外的一端，使铁水均匀淋到料铁上，并且不断翻动料铁。这样就产生剧烈的氧化。淋完以后，停止鼓风，夹出钢团，砧上锤击，去除夹杂。一般要淋两次。“苏钢”冶炼高明的地方主要有二点：一是料铁组织疏松，含有大量的氧化夹杂，硅、锰、碳含量也比较高，炼的时候氧化剧烈，造成一定的渣、铁分离。二是料铁中铁的氧化物氧化了生铁中的碳以后，铁便被还原出来，这样就提高了金属的收得率。
The main steps in processing su steel are as follows: wrought iron is put into the furnace and heated with a blast, then one end of a cast-iron block is placed obliquely in the furnace opening to be heated. The blast is maintained so that the temperature continues to rise. When a furnace
temperature of about 1,300℃is reached, the cast iron will melt and start to drip, while the
wrought iron is softened. The cast-iron block is then held in tongs from the outside to let the molten cast iron drip evenly onto the wrought iron, which is being steadily stirred to cause strong oxidation. After dripping, the blast is stopped and the steel mass taken out and hammered to remove impurities. This dripping should generally be done twice. Su steel smelting has two advantages: ① during the pouring process there is strong oxidation which results in separation of slag and iron, the wrought iron being soft in structure and containing large amounts of oxide impurities, and also silicon, man ganese and carbon. ② after oxides in the wrought iron cause oxidation of the carbon in the cast iron, iron will be deoxidized, giving higher rates of metal reclamation.
8.吸拔时先用右手食、中指夹持罐腹，用拇指按压罐底，使气罐变成凹底形状，随后把气罐平放于应吸部位上，再用左手拇、食两指固定罐口，右手拇、食两指移到罐腹进行挤捏，使罐底凸起，一旦罐底变成凹形就可牢固吸着。
First, clamp the belly part between you right-hand fore and middle fingers, press the thumb against the bottom so that the air jar becomes concave; then lay the jar mouth on the part of the body to be cupped. Second, fix the jar mouth with the left-hand thumb and forefinger, then move the right-hand thumb and forefinger to squeeze the belly part so that the bottom of the jar becomes convex. Once the belly part is concave the jar is cupped tightly.
9.到了清代康熙年间，我国大规模地开展全国性地图测量工作，绘制《皇舆全图》的时候，吸取了欧洲制图理论中考虑大地是球面的优点，进行经纬度测量，并且采用了地图投影方法。但是我国传统的制图理论，讲求比例尺寸、方位和距离的准确，仍然是测绘地图所必须遵守
的重要原则。
During the reign of the Emperor King Xi (1662-1722) in the Qing Dynasty, a complete geographical survey of the empire was carried out in preparing Huang Yu Quan Tu (Complete Atlas of the Imperial Domain). The European method of regarding the earth’s surface as a sphere was adopted. Latitude and longitude surveys were done and the project method was used in drawing the map. Nevertheless, the traditional Chinese rules of map-making-- accurate proportion, correct orientation and precise distance-- were closely adhered to by cartographers pf those days.
10.虚拟网络是一种依赖互联网基础设施所提供的传输能力，但又具有独立拓扑结构和信息传递规则的应用层网络行为逻辑网络。人们利用新型耦合抽象模型考察典型的虚拟网络逻辑拓扑给互联网整体特性带来的影响。结构表明在虚拟网络作用下，节点数据包排队长度存在相变特性，相变临界点比对规则网络发生了明显左移，网络性能相对恶化。当数据包注入速率小于相变临界速率时，节点数据包排队长度不相关或短程相关；在接近临界速率处，节点数据包排队长度长程相关，幂指数H增大，网络获得更强的长程相关性。同时，在注入速率大于或等于临界速率时，虚拟网络行为使网络呈现出一致的长程相关特性。
A virtual network is defined as a logical network, in which users exhibit their access behaviors. Virtual networks rely on physical computer networks like the Internet, but here different topologies, and cause significant influence on the physical networks. A novel two-tier model is used to study influences of virtual networks to Internet collective behavior. It is shown that the queue lengths of the node data packets present phase transition characteristics. Moreover, the phase transition critical point moves to the left and network performance is deteriorated. In a free flow, the nodes are independent of each other or short-range correlative. In the critical state, the nodes are long-range correlative, and there exists a higher power exponent H which means stronger long-range correlation. When the system state is on the right of critical point, virtual network behaviors make the network to present consistent long-range correlative characteristic.
21.摘要：采用红外扫描仪、扫描电镜以及电子束诱生电流仪研究了不同温度和不同冷却速度下原生直拉单晶硅的铜沉淀规律。红外扫描仪观察发现：只有在热处理温度高于800°C的样品中才能观察到铜沉淀团，表明在原生单晶硅中铜沉淀温度为800°C。同时，红外扫描仪和电子束诱生电流谱仪照片显示，快冷（30K/s）时，形成高密度的小铜沉淀团；而慢冷（0.3K/s）导致低密度、巨大的星形铜沉淀团的形成。实验还发现慢冷所形成的星形铜沉淀团对少数载流子具有更强的复合强调。最后，讨论了原生直拉单晶硅中铜沉淀规律的机理。
关键词：单晶硅铜沉淀
Abstract: Scanning infrared microscopy (SIRM), scanning election microscopy (SEM), and electron beam induced current (EBIC) are used to investigate the precipitation behavior of copper in as-grown Czochralski silicon. Copper-precipitate colonies could be observed through SIRM only in the specimens that experienced annealing at temperatures greater than 800°C. These results indicate that the copper precipitation temperature in the as-grown Czochralski silicon is approximately 800°C. In addition, SIRM and EBIC images show that tiny copper-precipitate colonies with high density formed in the specimens under air-cooling (30K/s), while large star-like colonies with how density generated in the specimens under slow cooling (0.3K/s). Furthermore, the recombination ability of the tiny copper-precipitate colonies. Finally, the mechanism of copper precipitation in as-grown Czochralski silicon is discussed.
Key words: silicon copper precipitation
22.摘要：本文借助于没有PS条件的翻山引理，并利用Sobolev嵌入的最佳达到函数，克服了由于Sobolev嵌入失紧性而带来的系列困难，证明了含临界增长的两类双调和方程边值问题非平凡解的存在性。
关键词:PS条件翻山引理最佳嵌入常数双调和方程
Abstract: With the help of the Mountain-Pass Theorem lacking Palais-Smale compactness condition ((PS)c condition) and by adoption of the best attained function of Sobolev embedding, the paper proves the existence of nontrivial solutions of two classes of critical biharmonic equations on boundary conditions by overcoming serial difficulties caused by loss of compactness due to Sobolev embedding.
Key words: (PS)c condition Mountain-Pass Theorem Best Embedding Constance Biharmonic Equations
23.摘要：车身设计在汽车设计中，占有极其重要的地位。本文根据现代设计方法的要求，在与传统设计相比较的基础上，对客车车身造型设计、零部件有限元分析、内饰设计、色彩设计及其一体化设计界方法进行了研究，增加了各设计阶段之间的相关性，以达到协同设计的目的。
关键词：客车车身设计有限元分析内饰设计色彩设计
Abstract: The body design is of great important in bus design. On the basis of comparing traditional and modern design methods, the authors of this paper illustrate the research they have made on the integrated design method of body design which satisfies the requirements of the modern design method. This research helps to increase the relativity of different design phases for the realization of good cooperative design.
Key words: modeling of bus body finite element analysis interior ornament color design 24.摘要：将定性和模糊性评价合理地转化为定量评价，进而选择最优设计解，是产品创新设计过程中重要的一步。论文运用模糊综合评判与比较的方法，以Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0为软件平台，建立了一个计算机辅助的设计方案择优系统。该系统提供了对产品设计方案进行定量评价和择优，以及对择优结果存档、调用和打印等功能。
关键词：产品创新设计方案择优模糊综合评判
Abstract: It is a very important procedure of product design to transform rationally fuzzy and qualitative evaluation into quantitative evaluation for optimum solution. This paper introduces a computer-aided selection system for optimum solution to product design. The system is established on the platform of Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0 with the method of fuzzy comprehensive judgment and comparison. It has the functions of quantitative evaluation, selection of the optimum design solution, filling, consulting and printing of the optimized results. Key words: innovative product design selection of optimum solution fuzzy comprehensive judgment
25.采用真空顺序蒸发铜铟金属预置层后真空（硒化法），以及真空三元叠层蒸发后氮气气氛退火的方法（叠层法）分别制备太阳电池吸收层材料CuInSe2薄膜。通过X谁信安衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散X射线分析技术等分析手段对薄膜进行了表征。结果表明：两种方法制备的薄膜形貌都比较致密均匀，晶粒直径分别约1.5μm和1μm。成分分析表明所制薄膜均为富铜CIS.硒化法制备的CIS薄膜具有单一的黄铜矿相结构；而叠层法制备的薄膜含有少量杂相，如β-2In2 Se2等。因此硒化法制备的薄膜更适用于座位太阳能吸收层材料。
Abstract: The CuInSe 2(CIS) films were fabricated by selenization of evaporated metallic precursors and vacuum evaporation of stacked elemental layers(SEL) followed by a thermal annealing step. The morphology, microstructure and composition of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX). The results show that these two thin films are both compact and uniform. The grain sizes of the two kinds of films are 1.5 μm and 1.0 μm,respectively.All the films made by the two methods are Cu-rich and show p-type conduction. However,the CIS thin films fabricated by the former method consist of a single phase of chalcopyrite structure, while those films fabricated by the later method contain impurity phases such as β-In 2Se 3 besides CIS phase. Thus the former method is better for fabricating the CIS absorber in solar cells.
1.混合选择法，就是根据育种的目的，每年按照一定的经济目的，从大田或留种地中，选出一定的优良植株，经过复查，去掉不良植株，把全部优良植株混合脱粒、混合储藏和播种，并且和原品种以及标准品种进行比较。这样经过连续几年的选择，就可以从混杂群中选出性状一致的优良品种。
Mix Selection refers to selecting and re-selecting fine plants in the fields or seed plots each year according to a definite economic purpose. Those undesirable are eliminated, the remaining fine plants are threshed together, stored together and their seeds are sowed together. Comparisons are made between the mixed fine plants and the standard ones. With such a treatment in several successive years, fine types of plants in uniform properties and shape can be selected from the mixed groups.
2.科学家们已经研制出了一种减肥药，它能有效地抑制食欲，导致体重显著下降而无任何明显的不良反应。该药能干扰脑中的食欲控制系统，并阻止脂肪组织的积聚。服药的试验用小鼠减少的体重高达其体重的三分之一。在给小鼠服用被叫作C75的减肥药之后20分钟内，这些小鼠失去了进食的兴趣，仅满足于其正常进食量的10%生存。更重要的是，该药似乎能阻止代谢率的严重下降。代谢率的下降通常会引起疲劳乃至昏睡，这是以处于饥饿状态的饮食来维持生命时所出现的典型现象。实验结果显示，服用该药的小鼠于喂给相同数量食物的小鼠相比，其体重下降了45%以上，但后者则变得比较懒怠，即以减少活动量的方法来为“脂肪酸合酶”的一种酶结合在一起。这种酶参与了把过量的食物摄取转化成脂肪储存起来的过程。对这种酶的抑制导致在肝脏中产生一种化学物质，该物质是预示脂肪沉积的先兆，被认为会对脑产生一种的作用，从而抑制食欲。在正常情况下，当动物节制饮食时，一种被称为神经肽Y的激素就在脑的食欲控制中心急剧增加，从而刺激食欲。然而，当给动物服用了C75时，该激素就下降，使其失去对食物的兴趣。
Scientists have developed a slimming drug that successfully suppresses appetite and results in a dramatic loss of weight without any apparent ill effects. The drug interferes with appetite control and prevents the build-up of fatty tissue. Laboratory mice given the drug lost up to a third of their total body weight. Within 20 minutes of being given the drug, called C75, the mice lost interest in eating and survived apparently content on just 10 percent of the food they would normally eat.
More importantly, the drug appears to prevent a serious decline in metabolic rate—causing tiredness and lethargy—which is typically associated with living on a starvation diet. As a result, mice taking the drug lost 45 percent more weight than mice fed the same amount of food, which compensate for the lack of food by becoming more sluggish.The scientists believe that C75, which they produced synthetically in the laboratory, binds to an enzyme called fatty acid synthase, which is involved in storing excess food in take as fat. Inhibiting the enzyme caused a build-up of a chemical in the liver which acts as a precursor to fat deposition. This precursor is thought to have an indirect effect on the brain, causing appetite suppression. Normally, when animals fast, a hormone called neuropeptide Y increases sharply in the appetite-control centers of the brain, stimulating the desire for food.However, when animals are given C75, levels of this hormone fall, leading to a loss of interest in food.
3.振动吸收板，用于放置天平和其他高敏度的仪器，可消除附近的马达、搅拌混合器、重型车辆的出入等环境振动因素，使感度更精确，误差更少。黑白相间的高级水磨石子抗刮蚀板，四角处有特殊除振设计，总高度76mm，可吸收振动至9Hz，载重量可达16kg。
This Vibration Damping Mount can keep sensitive analytical balances and other instruments from disturbing vibrations so that they work more accurately.It reduces to 9Hz the vibrations caused by nearby pumps, blenders, stirrers, and heavy-weight automobiles. It is made of black and white terrazzo with a polished surface that resists scratches and chemicals and supported by four Vibro-Absorbers with neoprene feet. With an overall height of 76mm, it can carry a weight up to 16kg.
B
1.摘要：本文介绍了高炉铜冷却壁（blast furnace wall with copper stave）的一种监控方法，实现了对铜冷却壁炉墙热面温度和渣皮（slag）厚度进行监控和高炉炉墙内型的可视化。从实践的角度证明了铜冷却壁炉墙监控的必要性，给出了本监控方法的实现思路，在对铜冷却壁前段渣皮进行监控过程中发现：通过监控可以在操作过程中防止铜冷却壁裸露、结瘤（wall accreditons）等异常发生；通过调整高炉操作维持适当厚度的渣皮，能实现高炉长寿和高效的结合，最优化高炉操作和最大化高炉生产。
Abstract: A monitoring method for blast furnace copper stave is introduced in this paper.Monitoring for heating surface temperature of copper stave wall and slag thickness was realized and internal profile of blast furnace wall was visible. Practice proves that monitoring of blast furnace wall with copper stave is necessary.Realization idea of the monitoring method is presented.The monitoring results show that monitoring in operation process can prevent abnormalities happened such as copper stave naked status,wall accretions and so on.Through
regulation of blast furnace operation and keeping a proper thickness of slag,long campaign and high productivity as well as optimizing operation and maximum production of blast furnace can be realized.
2.摘要：药物性不良反应（ADEs）是医疗保健中的一个主要问题。本文分析了用以预防不良反应的计算机信息系统。引言部份定义了相关概念和术语，然后分析了药物性不良反应的临床表现、、影响和费用以及药疗类型和原因。文章讨论了针对药品取得和使用不同阶段的信息系统。不同研究表明计算机医生开药
系统对于预防不良反应十分重要。计算机辅助决策系统，结合针对药品取得和使用各阶段的系统，构成了最有效的预防系统。和其他方法对比，计算机信息系统的成本效益最佳和最有前途的不良反应预防工具。文章也讨论了其他问题和可能的改进
Abstract: The occurrence of adverse drug events is recognized as an important health care issue. This paper provides a review of the computer information systems that have been developed and used for the prevention of ADEs. Following an introductory section that defines concepts and terms, the clinical manifestations, influences, and costs of ADEs are reviewed, along with the medication classes, types, and causes of ADEs. Information systems that target different stages of the drug ordering and delivery process are discussed. Different studies show that computerized physician order entry systems are essential in the prevention of ADEs. Computer-assisted decision support programs that are integrated with systems that cover each stage of the drug ordering and delivery process provide the most powerful prevention tools. Through comparison with other methods, computer-based information systems are shown to be the most cost-effective and promising strategy for preventing ADEs. Further challenges and possible improvements are also discussed.
（一）科技英语特点和翻译原则 科技文本：科学专着、科学论文、科学报道、试验报告、技术规范、工程技术说明、科技文献以及科普读物等。 科技文本的特点：用词非常严谨，行文规范，注重客观；描述平易，一般不带感情色彩；准确，正式，逻辑严密。 1. 科技英语的词汇。 i. 普通词汇 ii．半专业词汇 半专业词所表达的意义根据不同的学科内容而定 .：1. pencil 光学中：光纤锥，射束 机械中：metal pencil 焊条 2. concentration
1）Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the irons.（浓度） 2) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possible. (富集) iii．专业词汇 i.词义专一，构成呈多样化，前后词缀，如：auto-, a-, semi-,micro-等。 ii.外来词多 2.科技英语中长句较多, 汉译英时注意拆分 科技英语重表示某些复杂概念时用的长复合句大大多于一般英 语。长句特点是从句和短语多，同时兼有并列结构或省略，倒装顺序，结构显得复杂。但其所表达的科技内容严密性、准确性和逻辑性较强。 见4. . 3.科技英语专业术语性强，汉译英是强调术语翻译的正确性。 专业术语语义具有严谨性和单一性 平时阅读与所译材料同类的英文材料 给概念以约定俗成的译名 .：药品的“保存期”是“shelf life”而不是“storage period” 肺活量是“vital capacity”而不是“lung capacity” 科技英语重缩略语情况也比较多，需勤查相关专业词典或参考书，采用公认的缩略形式。
英文版Excel 中英文对照表 激活（activate） 数组（array） 数组公式（array formula） 相关联的数据透视表(associated PivotTable report )自动套用格式(autoformat) 坐标轴(asix) 基础地址(base address) “合并计算”表(consolidation table) 比较条件(comparison criteria) 比较运算符（comparison operator） 常量(constant) 单元格引用(cell reference) 当前区域(current region) 分类轴(category asix) 分类字段(category field) 复制区域(copy area) 计算列(calculated column) 计算项(calculated item) 计算字段（数据库）(calculated field) 计算字段（数据透视表）(calculated field) 列标题(column heading) 列字段(column field) 条件(criteria) 条件窗格((criteria pane) 条件格式(conditional format) 图表工作表(chart sheet) 图表区(chart area) 修订记录(change history) 约束条件(constraints) 证书验证机构(certifying authority) 自定义计算(custom calculation) 垂直线(drop lines) 从属单元格(dependents) 明细数据(detail data) 默认工作表模板(default worksheet template) 默认工作簿模板(default workbook template) 默认启动工作簿(default startup workbook ) 目标区域（destination area） 数据标签 (data label) 数据标志(data marker) 数据表(data table) 数据表单(data form) 数据窗格(data pane)
转机时在机场里可能要用的词汇： Flight Number 或者Flight No. 读作：服来特拿木波儿翻译为：航班号 check-in counter读作：切克银考恩特儿 翻译为：登记上飞机的窗口 Gate 读作：给特 翻译为：登机口 Departure lounge读作：低趴欠儿劳嗯几 翻译为：候机室 Boarding Pass读作：保定怕四 翻译为：登机牌 Baggage claim 读作：白给几克雷木 翻译为：行李认领 Exit 读作：爱哥细特 翻译为：出口 Taxi pick-up point 读作：太可斯诶皮克阿普泡恩特翻译为：出租车乘车点 Air Ticket 读作：爱鹅梯肯特 翻译为：飞机票 Restroom 读作：乳爱斯特入木 翻译为：洗手间 Toilet 读作：涛爱里特翻译为：厕所
Men’s 读作：门思 翻译为：男洗手间 Women读作：喂米恩 翻译为：女洗手间 North 读作：闹思 翻译为：北 South 读作：臊思 翻译为：南 East 读作：亿思特 翻译为：东 West 读作：外思特 翻译为：西 Queue here 读作：克油嘿儿 翻译为：在此排队 Assistance 读作：饿赛斯吞斯 翻译为：问讯处 Connecting flights counter 读作：克耐克挺服来次考恩特儿翻译为：转机服务台 Luggage pick up 读作：拉给几皮克阿普 翻译为：取行李 Telephone 读作：台里服恩 翻译为：电话
Elevator 读作：爱里喂特儿或者lift 读作：里服特翻译为：电梯 Airport 读作：爱鹅泡特 翻译为：机场 Date 读作：嘚（dei）特 翻译为：日期 Time 读作：太木 翻译为：时间 Departure 读作：低怕企鹅 翻译为：出发 Take off 读作：忒克熬付 翻译为：起飞 Delayed 读作：低雷得 翻译为：延误 Restaurant 读作：乳爱斯特乳昂特 翻译为：餐厅 Stairs and lifts to departures 读作:思带额思安得里付次图低扒企鹅 翻译为：由此乘电梯前往登机 BUS 读作：把思 翻译为：公共汽车 Departure time 读作：低扒企鹅太木
科技英语文章
探索发现:科学家发现奇特系外"钻石"行星群 An exoplanet, called WASP-12b which is about 1,200 light years from Earth and 1.4 times the mass of Jupiter has been considered suitable for life existence, although a little hot. And its sibling planets could even be made of diamonds, according to new research findings. 最新研究结果显示，一颗名为WASP-12b、距离地球1200光年、质量为木星1.4 倍的系外行星适合生命存在，尽管热了一点。而与其同属一个星系的情况更甚：它们有可能由钻石构成。 A team led by researcher Nikku Madhusudhan of Princeton University and scientist Joe Harrington of the University of Central Florida monitor WASP-12b during one of its orbits, particularly in the instants before it passed behind its home star. In those brief moments, the light from the star would flow through the planet's atmosphere, allowing astronomers to study the wavelengths produced and infer the atmosphere's chemical composition. 由美国普林斯顿大学的研究员尼库马杜苏丹和佛罗里达中部大学的科学家乔哈林顿 领导的一个研究小组检测WASP-12b的一次绕轨运行情况，特别是在它从其母恒星后面经过的那一刻。在这一刹那，恒星发出的光会穿透行星的大气，天文学家得以研究产生的波长，并推断行星大气的化学成分。 They found some exoplanets, WASP-12b included, have carbon-rich chemistry: Some have atmospheres with a carbon-to-oxygen ratio of about 0.5. As for WASP-12b, however, there was more than twice the concentration of carbon as usual and almost 100 times more methane than expected. 他们发现，一些包括WASP-12b在内的系外行星具有碳浓度高的化学特性，即它们大气中的碳氧比率约为0.5。不过，WASP-12b的碳浓度要比通常情况高出一倍多，而且甲烷的浓度几乎是预计的100倍。 That has big implications for extraterrestrial biology, since life is based on carbon, and methane - which is made up of carbon and hydrogen - is a byproduct of metabolism. The planet's carbon-heavy atmosphere could retain heat and light, providing energy for life to get started and thrive. That life would have to survive on comparatively little oxygen and water, and would have to be very tolerant of methane. 这对于地外生命学来说意义重大。因为生命建立在碳的基础上，而由碳和氢构成的甲烷是新陈代谢的副产品。大气中高浓度的碳可以留住光和热，为生命的出现和茁壮成长提供能量。这些生命要再氧气和水相对较少的环境下生存，而且要能够忍受甲烷。
男性英文名： Aaron艾伦巍然的高山受神启示的 Abbott艾布特父性的伟大的精神 Abel亚伯-生命呼吸 Abner艾伯纳睿智有智慧 Abraham亚伯拉罕崇高的父亲众人之父 Adair亚岱尔犹如像树般坚强 Adam亚当天下第一个男人 Adolph阿道夫高贵的狼 Adonis亚度尼斯美男子 Alan艾伦英俊的好看的和睦和平高兴的 Albert艾伯特高贵的聪明人类的守护者 Aldrich奥德里奇英明的统治者 Alexander亚历山大人类的保护者国王的名字 Alfred亚尔弗列得条顿睿智的顾问聪明帮手 Alger阿杰尔光荣高贵护卫 Allen艾伦英俊的好看的 Alston奥斯顿出身高贵的人 Alva阿尔瓦白种人的金发碧眼的 Alvin阿尔文被大家所喜爱的每个人的朋友 Alvis亚尔维斯短小精悍的人 Amos亚摩斯任重道远的人 Andre安得烈勇敢的骁勇的 Andrew安德鲁勇敢的骁勇的 Andy安迪勇敢的骁勇的 Angelo安其罗上帝的使者 Augus安格斯一个唯一无二的 Ansel安西尔出身极高贵的人教养极高贵的人 Antony安东尼值得赞美备受尊崇的 Antonio安东尼奥值得赞美备受尊崇的 Archer阿奇尔拉开千钧之弓的大力士 Archibald阿奇柏德高贵的勇敢的 Aries亚力士公羊牡羊座 Arlen亚尔林誓约 Armand亚尔曼军人 Armstrong阿姆斯壮臂力强健的人我的一小步是人类的一大步Arno阿诺鹰Arthur亚瑟高尚的贵族的 Arvin艾文以平等之心待人者 Asa亚撒上帝的赐予治愈者 Atwood亚特伍德住在森林森林中的人 Aubrey奥布里有钱有势的国王 August奥格斯格神圣的尊崇的身份高尚的人八月 Augustine奥古斯汀指八月出生的人 Avery艾富里淘气爱恶作剧的人
南京航空航天大学 EST论文题目科技英语翻译之增补法
科技英语翻译之增补法 摘要 增补是科技英语翻译中为确保译文的规范、明确、地道而经常使用的方法。在翻译科技英语文献时，经常会遇到照字面直译无法保证汉语译文的通顺、明晰，有时就需要增添补充必要的词语。通常按照目标与的行文表达习惯，采取“增补”、“重复”、“一词多译”的方式。 关键词：增添、重复、一词多译 Abstract Supplement is the translation of EST translation norms, to ensure clear, authentic and frequently used method. In the translation of English for science and technology literature, often encounter literally literal translation can not guarantee the Chinese translation of the fluent, clear, sometimes need to add supplement necessary words. Usually according to writing goal and the habit of expression, adopt a "supplement", "repeat", "one word more translation" mode Key words:supplement、repeat、one word more translation
Unlocking the Climate Puzzle Nonetheless, in1995, after years of intense study, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), sponsored by the United Nations, concluded tentatively that “the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate”. 然而，由联合国发起的政府间气候变化专门委员会，经过数年集中的研究，在1995年，初步得到了“对照所有证据表明，人类对全球气候有明显的影响”这个结论。 The amount of that influence, the group noted, is unknown because of “uncertainties in key factors”, including the degree to which clouds and the oceans affect the rate of temperature change. 该委员会同时提到，由于“关键因素的不确定性”，包括云层和海洋对温度变化率的影响程度，人类对全球气候的影响量是未知的。 It may take decade or more of additional research to resolve those uncertainties. 解决这些不确定因素可能需要十年乃至更长时间的额外研究。 1.What causes climate change? 是什么导致了气候变化？ 2.Weather is what happens outside your home this morning. 天气是这个早上出现在户外的自然现象。 3.Climate is what you can expect to happen outside during your 30-year mortgage. 气候是在30年内可以预测的发生在户外的自然现象
双语阅读文章汇总（一）一、冰淇淋居然可以高温不化Ice cream that doesn't melt! Japanese scientists create a recipe that includes a secret strawberry extract to keep the treat cool in warm weather 日本科学家发明了不会融化的冰激凌，还能在炎热的天气里保持凉爽的口感 Japanese scientists have come up with a cool solution to stop ice cream melting before you've had time to finish it. 近日，日本科学家们找到了防止冰激凌融化的好方法。 The ice cream retains its original shape in 28°C (82.4 F) weather and still tastes 'cool',according to the report. 据报道，这种冰激凌在28度的温度中不仅不会融化，还能保持清凉的口感。 A strawberry extract stops the oil and water from separating so quickly which means the icecreams (pictured) stay frozen - even if you blow a hair dryer at them, reports suggest 报道称，冰淇淋不会融化是由于一种叫做草莓提取物的物质，它减缓了水油分离的速度，使得冰 激凌即使是在吹风机的吹拂下依旧保持形状。 The company created the ice creams by accident. 这种冰激凌的产生完全是出于意外。 A pastry chef tried to use the strawberry extract to create a new kind of confectionery in orderto use strawberries that were not the right shape to be sold. 甜点师本想用这种草莓提取物创造一种新型甜品，以试图把因品相不好而无法顺利出售的草莓利用起来。 He realised the cream would solidify when put in contact with the strawberry extract. 他发现可以使用草莓提取物来减缓冰激凌融化的速度。 1 / 16 The ice creams (pictured), which are only for sale in parts of Japan, first hit stores in Kanazawain April before rolling out in Osaka and Tokyo 不目前，这种冰激凌已经在日本金泽当地开始销售，预计之后会把业务拓展到东京和大阪。过要是想在其他国家吃到这种冰激凌，恐怕还需要一段时间二、做个成年人有哪些好处No one can tell me what to do. 没人能对我指手画脚。Well, except mom. …除了我妈妈。嗯No one except my mom can tell me what to do. 除了我妈妈没人能对我指手画脚。And maybe, girlfriend. 可能我女朋友可以。No one except my mom and my girlfriend can tell me what to do. 除了我妈妈和女朋友没人能对我指手画脚。Well, my manager as well. …老板也可以。嗯No one except my mom, my girlfriend and my manager can tell me what to do. 除了我妈妈、女朋友和老板没人能对我指手画脚。Also, the bank. 还有银行。No one except my mom, my girlfriend, my manager and my bank can tell
Sentences 1 1.The North American International Auto Show has traditionally served as an extravagant unveiling of the latest in the automotive industry. 2. A new international initiative to increase grain crop yields could help raise incomes for six million farmers in South Asia and combat hunger in one of the poorest regions of the world. 3.The U.S. space agency, NASA, is celebrating the 40th anniversary of the Apollo 8 space mission. 4.At NASA, 2008 will be remembered for shuttle missions, discoveries on Mars, and mysteries revealed across the solar system and beyond. 5.Three main Internet cables from Italy to North Africa were inexplicably severed in the second such incident in a year, plunging Egypt and several other Arab countries into a communications crisis. 6.Clean energies are forms of energy which do not pollute the air, the ground, or the sea. Clean energies include: Solar power Wind power Wave power Salinity gradient power Tidal power Geothermal power 7.Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the Sun. 8.The world seems increasingly divided into those who favor genetically modified (GM) foods and those who fear them. https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc11515020.html,puter makers are pushing the limits of weight and power. 10.Meanwhile, labs are testing new battery technologies. 11.One of the most promising new technologies to help achieve that goal is a new breed of low-powered microprocessors that can vary the speeds at which they operate. 12.South Korean scientists clone first dog 13.South Korea's pioneering ste 14.m cell scientist has cloned a dog 15.Snuppy, the first cloned dog, appears with the three-year old male Afghan hound whose cells were used to clone him. 16.Researchers have since cloned cats, goats, cows, mice, pigs, rabbits, horses, deer, mules and gaur, 17.Researchers determined that the specimens are around 195,000 years old. 18.Many large cities are anything but beautiful. 19.If people want to solve the problem of waste, there is no time to be lost. 20.They must work out ways of making use of good things which are just thrown away as waste. 21.When a car gets too old, it may not run any more. But the metal that the car was made of is still good. It can be put to use again. 22.When a bottle is empty, it goes out in the trash. But bottle glass can be ground into sand and used to pave streets. 23.Garbage from food can be changed into fertilizer. But first you have to fish out all the glass and metal.
科技英语文章 Arctic Melt Earth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low1. Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining. Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end-of-summer ice cover2. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness -- becoming 1.13 meters thinner. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. Andit's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington3 in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water4. Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5℃Celsius warmer than average and 1.5℃ warmer than the pr evious record high5. With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea6, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3m thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season's end. The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N.H.7 Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover. 练习： 1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "build" in the first sentence of the second paragraph?
新疆农业大学 科学技术学院 课程翻译 题目: 一心可二用 Polychromic Versus Monochromic。 课程: 科技英语 姓名: 马静 专业: 英语 班级: 092班 学号: 095237226 座位号: 指导教师: 张洁老师职称:
2011 年12月11 日 题目:一心不可二用 指导教师：张洁姓名：马静 摘要：文化还规定个人在社会进程的信息，确定优先事项、管理时间和与他人的交往。与亚洲人相比，美国人喜欢一心一意的做事，。对于那些可以一边打电话，一边写备忘录给同事一边又能听着来访商人的叙述，并且一项也不错过的中国行政官员来说，他们自己才是可以一心多用的人，即他们可以同时执行多个任务。 关键词：单一文化社会，多元文化，高语境，低语境 Polychromic Versus Monochromic Name: Ma Jing Abstract：Culture also dictates how individuals within a society process information, set priorities, manage time and interact with other individuals. When you compare Americans to people from Asian cultures, it is the Americans who like to do things one at a time .Compare that attitude with a Chinese executive who can talk on the telephone, write a memo to a colleague and continue to listen to a visiting businessperson all at the same time without appearing to miss a beat .The Chinese are considered highly polychromic that is ,they can—and refer to –do multiple tasks simultaneously. Key words:Monochromic polychromic low-context high-context Polychromic Versus Monochromic 正文： (1)Culture also dictates how individuals within a society process information, set priorities, manage time and interact with other individuals. Americans, for example, will refer to someone who is less than bright as an individual who “cannot walk and chew gum at the same time”—implying that someone who is unable to handle two tasks at once is deficient, Oddly enough, when you compare Americans to people from Asian cultures, it is the Americans who like to do things one at a time .Compare that attitude with a Chinese executive who can talk on the telephone, write a memo to a colleague and continue to listen to a visiting businessperson all at the same time without appearing to miss a beat .The Chinese are considered highly polychromic that is ,they can—and refer to –do multiple tasks simultaneously. （2）To an individual from a monochromic society ,time is used for ordering one’s life ,for setting priorities ,for making a step-by-step list for dong
英语音标 一、元音 1、单元音 长元音 [ ? ](绿：舌抵下齿，双唇扁平，做微笑状，发“一”之长音。例：eat ; me ;bee ;pea) [аr]（红：双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩,微离下齿，发“啊”之长音。例：b ar ;dark） [Ο](口半开半闭，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形。发“欧”之长音boat coke own ) [ u ] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力发“屋”之长音，food；） [?] 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭(发“厄”之长音；work； 短元音 [ ?] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全合，发短促“一”音it big hit [ ?/а ]双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升舌尖向后收缩，微离下齿，发短促之“阿”音）duck ; but [ U ] 双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力发短促之“屋”音，book；good） [ ? ]双唇稍微向外突出成圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿发“奥”音）例如：call [ ?/?] 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭(牙床较张开发“厄”之短音，ago ;panda (teacher) [ ?] [ ?] 舌近硬腭，舌尖抵下齿，牙床半开半合，做微笑状（读“爱”）pen bed get 2、双元音 [а?] (将口张开略圆，舌后微升，舌尖向后收缩由“阿”音平稳过渡到“一”音buy my [ e ] (舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平由“哀”音平稳过渡到“一”之长音wait late [ au] (将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形由“阿”音平稳过渡到“屋”音house cloud out [ ??] (双唇外突成圆形发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开发“一”之短音boy oil toy [ ?r ] 双唇张开牙床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡为上卷从“一”音过渡到“厄”here deer dear
一、标题（翻译自己找笔记） 1.Auditory Perspectives of Different Types of Music 2.Harmful Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Humans https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc11515020.html,ing Water Resources for Irrigation in Semiarid Land 4.Protecting Water Quality Through the Successful Integration of Research and Education 5.The Single Community Concept:A Model for Adult Environmental Education 6.Physics and Art:Uncovering Conceptual Linkages https://www.doczj.com/doc/fc11515020.html,e of Diamond for Electric Devices 8.Yellow Fever's Effect on Transportation and Commerce 9.The Nature of Student Science Projects in Comparison to Educational Goals for Science 10.A Qualitative/Quantitative analysis of the Administrative Management Institute at Comell University 11.The Americans With Disability Act and Its Applicability to the Mentally Ill,Human Immune-Deficiency Virus and AIDS Populations:A Statistical Analysis 句子 (1)The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery. 医生迅速到达，非常仔细地检查了病人，(因此)病人很快就康复了。 (2)He had a firm conviction that situation will improve. 他坚信情况会好转。 (3)There must be less empty talk and more hard work. 一定要少说空话，多做工作。 (4)A successful ban of the use of nuclear weapons must be preceded by the destruction of nuclear weapons. 要成功地禁止使用核武器，必须首先销毁核武器。 (5)Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 (6)The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere. 他们违反了赫尔辛基协议，在国内侵犯基本人权，因此受到了各地热爱自由的人们的谴责。 (1)He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。 (2)I used to be a bit of a fancier myself. 过去我常常有点喜欢胡思乱想。
科技英语的特点与翻译 一、科技英语的特点 科技英语（English for science and technology，EST）指与用于科学和技术交流方面的英语口语和书面语。作为一种重要的英语语体，其特点主要体现在以下几个方面。 1、词汇方面 大量使用专业词汇、复合词、缩略词及利用前后缀构成的派生词。专业词汇意义专一，用来表示明确的含义。科技词汇多源于希腊语和拉丁语，是因为这两种语言作为英语的重要来源，是世界上成熟最早和最完备的语言中的两种，词汇不再发生词形、词义上的变化，具有稳定性。 2、句子方面 多使用长句和被动语态，大量使用名词化结构（nominalization）和非限定动词。另外，各种成份（如介词短语、形容词及其短语、副词、分词及从句等）作定语并后置，多使用It…that…结构句型、被动结构句型、as结构句型、分词短语结构句型和省略句结构句型等常用句型。名词化结构有利于行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切，也可使所含信息量增大，尤其是科技英语强调存在的事实，而非个别行为。不定式短语、-ing分词短语和-ed分词短语这三种非限定动词形式具有齐备的语法功能，可代替各种从句，这样既可缩短句子，行文简练，结构紧凑，又比较醒目。 3、形态方面 科技英语在时态运用上有限，多用过去时和现在时。尤其是多用一般现在时，以表述无时间性的科学定义、定理、公式、现象、过程等。另外，科技英语多用逻辑性语法词（logical grammatical operators），如表示原因的如because (of)、due (owing) to、as (a result of)、caused by、for等，表示语气转折的如but、however、nevertheless、otherwise、yet 等，表示逻辑顺序的如so、therefore、thus、furthermore、moreover、in addition to等。 4、文体方面