冠词、代词1
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汉语中的“冠词”
汉语中的“冠词”
我们知道汉语除了海南话中“妚”(读“mō”)相当于英语中的冠词外,汉语是没有冠词的。
但是汉语的一些代词如:“这(个)”、“那(个)”或多或少也能代替其语法意义。
你细细一揣摩,汉语中还真有冠词,还能分出定冠词与不定冠词呢。
请大家注意这句两句话“来客了。
”与“客来了。
”(例句出自张宗正教授,很经典)
我问过好多学生,有多班学生都认为这两句话意思一样。
大家想一想,到底一样吗?
如果一个孩子在门外玩耍,看见有人过来,然后喊:“来客了。
”他的爸妈就肯定会问:“谁来了?”你看,不知道是谁来了,这个“客”字前肯定是不定冠词。
意思是:A guest is coming.
如果一个孩子在门外玩耍,看见有人过来,然后喊:“客来了。
”他的爸妈就肯定不会问:“谁来了?”取而代之的是“快把你***(称呼)接住嘛!喊什么喊?”显然,他们都知道是谁来了,这个“客”字前肯定是定冠词。
意思是:The guest is coming.
这样一分析你就明白了。
原来汉语中的冠词是这么回事。
一、定冠词和不定冠词的用法详解]. 定冠词the,基本含义是“这个,那个”,表示特指。
例: the flower 那朵花the E-mail 那个电子邮件2. 不定冠词a和an,基本含义是“一、一个”,表示泛指。
例:a flower 一朵花an E-mail 一个电子邮件二、不定冠词1 表示“一,一个”,用在单数可数名词前例:There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有一幅图画。
He has an apple in his hand. 他手里拿着一个苹果。
提示:a和an的区别a用在辅音音素前,包括以前元音[j]、[w]开首的词前,注意,这里讲的辅音音素指的是发音,不是指辅音字母。
an用在元音音素前(不是元音字母),例:a hotel 一家旅馆 a knife 一把小刀 a useful tool 一件有用的工具a university 一所大学 a European country一个欧洲国家a one-eyed man一个一目失明的人an hour 一小时an ant 一只蚂蚁an honor 一种荣誉an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩an umbrella 一把伞an onion一个洋葱an eye 一只眼睛an ear 一只耳朵an English book [ 一本英语书an egg 一只鸡蛋an apple 一个苹果an island 一座岛an uncle一位叔叔2 表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个,a或an不必翻译例Even a child can answer this question. 就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。
An elephant is stronger than a horse. 大象比马力气大。
A teacher must be strict with his students. 教师必须对学生严格要求。
3 第一次提到某人或某物第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词a或an,起介绍作用。
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词两种。
表示可以计数的事物的名词叫可数名词,一般有单数和复数两种形式表示不可以计数的事物的名词叫不可数名词,一般不分单数和复数。
1.可数名词:个体名词都是可数名词。
每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
①. 单数 ,表示"一个"的概念。
用名词的单数时,名词前需加 a 或 an。
如 a book、a river、an apple、an orange等。
②. 复数,表示两个或两个以上的物体。
如two pens、three days、three cities 等。
(1)规则名词复数形式的构成:①大多数名词在词尾加-s。
(在清辅音后读[s],在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。
)②以辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词把 y 变成 i , 加 -es(读作[iz] city—cities) ,但专有名词例外,直接在 y后加-s(读作[z] Germany—Germanys)。
③以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词在词尾加–es(读作[iz])。
④以辅音字母 + o 结尾的名词一般直接加–es(读作[z]), 某些外来词例外,加 -s (如 zero, kilo, tobacco 等);以元音字母 + o 结尾的名词直接加–s(但读作[z])。
⑤以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词有的直接加–s(读作[z]);大多数要将 f 或 fe 变为 v, 再加-es(读作[z]);有些词两种形式都可以 handkerchief--handkerchiefs--handkerchieves。
(2)不规则变化:①单数、复数形式相同如:deer—deer,sheep—sheep,fish—fish,Chinese —Chinese,people—people。
②改变单数名词中的元音字母如:foot—feet,man—men ,tooth—teeth,woman—women。
③含有man,woman的复合名词的变化如: Frenchwoman—Frenchwomem,fisherman—fishermen.④其他变化如:child—children ,mouse—mice。
冠词用法1.冠词包括不定冠词a、an和定冠词 the.2.不定冠词a、an用法:两者都表示“一”,a 用在以辅音音素开头的词前,an用在元音音素开头的词前。
(必须熟悉音标)。
小窍门:在以a, o, e ,i开头的词前直接用an;以u开头的单词,发本音时用a,发其它音时用an。
比较: a university student, an umbrella.注意:hour前用an,因为h在这里不发音。
an hour 一小时3.定冠词the的用法:1)表示特定的或上文已经提到的人或物。
如:I have a dog. The dog is black.2)用来指说话双方都知道的人或物。
The girl is my sister.3)用在世界上独一无二的事物前。
如:the sun 太阳,the moon 月亮,the Great Wall 长城4)用在演奏的乐器和序数词前。
如play the piano 弹钢琴,play the violin 拉小提琴,the first floor 一楼4.不用冠词的情形:1)在球类运动、一日三餐和棋类前不用冠词,play basketball 打篮球,have breakfast 吃早饭,play chess 下棋;2)名词前有this / that / these / those修饰时不用冠词。
the No. 15 bus.*练习:在下面的空白处填上适当的不定冠词a、an 。
___ ant ____ idea ___ apple ___ bear ____ crayon ___ English book___ active boy ___orange _____eraser ____ man ____ old man____elephant可数名词与不可数名词一、概念可数名词:可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或物;有复数形式。
不可数名词:不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;在句子中看成单数。
冠词是什么冠词是在汉语中用来限定名词或代词的词语,主要包括定冠词和不定冠词。
定冠词有两个,分别是“这”和“那”。
这个用于近处的事物,那个用于远处的事物。
它们可以用于名词前,表示特指的意义。
例如:“这本书是我的。
”“那辆车很贵。
”不定冠词有一个,就是“一”。
它用于名词前,表示泛指或未限定的意义。
例如:“我想买一本书。
”“他是一位老师。
”冠词在句子中起到限定名词或代词的作用,用来说明名词所指的范围。
冠词的使用可以帮助语言准确表达,使句子更加明确和具有逻辑性。
【以下为第一篇】冠词在汉语中是一个非常重要的语法组成部分。
它用来对名词或代词进行限定或修饰,使语言更加准确明确。
定冠词是冠词的一种类型,包括“这”和“那”两个字。
它们用于特指某个事物或人,起到明确的限定作用。
比如:“这个苹果很新鲜。
”“那本书很有趣。
”定冠词的使用可以帮助我们准确地指明所讲的具体对象。
不定冠词是冠词的另一种类型,只有一个字“一”。
它用于泛指或未限定的情况下,起到概括的作用。
比如:“我要买一件衣服。
”“他是一名医生。
”不定冠词的使用使得句子更具有广泛性和普适性。
冠词的正确使用对于语言的学习和表达非常重要。
准确运用冠词可以使句子更加精确明了,避免歧义问题。
因此,在学习汉语的过程中,我们要多加注意冠词的使用,通过大量练习来提高自己的语言能力。
【以下为第二篇】冠词作为语法中的一个重要部分,在汉语中起到了很重要的作用。
它们用来限定名词或代词的范围,使语言表达更加准确和明确。
定冠词是一种特有的冠词类型,由汉字“这”和“那”构成。
它们在句子中用于特指某个事物或人,帮助读者或听者正确理解说话人或作者的意图。
例如:“这个问题很困扰我。
”“那个房子很漂亮。
”定冠词的使用有助于提供更具体的信息,使句子更有明确性和准确性。
另外一种类型的冠词是不定冠词,它只有一个字“一”。
不定冠词用于未限定或泛指的情况下,起到概括的作用。
比如:“我想买一本书。
”“他是一位专家。
2012届高三第二轮复习之语法填空语法填空之冠词、代词、介词、连词及连接性副词解题指导:1. 此类属于无提示词填空。
2. 代词有人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,不定代词something, another, other, others, both,every, each, all, none, either, neither, else等,指示代词this ,it, one/ones等。
* 注意区别it/ one/ that 的指代意义;3. 只有介词with 后可以接复合宾语,如:With his mother helping him, he could finish the project in time.With books in his hand, Mr. Wang asked who had taken his books by mistake.4. 起连接作用的副词有however, therefore, thus, instead, besides, otherwise, though, then等,这些词经常放在句首,也可能放在句中或句末,起连接作用,因为没有连词的功能那么强,所以常常用“,”与句子隔开。
另外,不用提示词的副词考点还有even,yet,never等。
5. it 的考点很多,有指示代词,形式主宾语,强调句型及一些特定句式,如:It is …..since… / It is not long before…/ It is the first time that…/ It’s time to do…/ I hate it when people talk with their month full.6. 连词的填空也属于无提示词填空,在连词部分已作专题讲解。
考题检验:1. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.2. I cannot, ________, approve of your design.3. Experts think that _______ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso.4. As it was raining hard, they didn’t go outing. ________, they played cards at home.5. _______ all the children playing in the yard, he went out to look for the lost watch.6. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ________ the bus arrived.7. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _______ he felt happy since crop did “grow” higher.8. I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to ________ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.9. The robbers came in at about 22:00 on Saturday _______ left at 7:00 on Sunday.10. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _________.11. We have plenty of beautiful lilacs. Some are red, ________ are purple.12. Wise man love truth; _____ fools shun it.13. It rained on and on for several week. __________, the construction of the bridge was delayed.14. If things done can be undone, _______ there will be no regret in the world.15. Look at the price of that bike! It is practically the same as _________ of a motorcycle.16. I’d love to buy a yacht. I am thinking of buying a small but modern ___________.17. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _______ had been his teacher.18. There once lived a monk called Shan in a village in China. He had earned a great name for 1_______, but he was veryarrogant(傲慢). Qiu Jun heard of 2________ arrogance and wanted to teach the monk a lesson. He went to meet Shan, 3_______ neither greeted him nor acknowledged his presence. Just then a servant of the monk came 4_______ a massage, “The son of an army officer is coming to see 5_______.” The monk said:”I’ll go and greet him.” Shan welcomed the son of the army officer with great respect. After the army officer’s son ha d departed, Qiu Jun asked Shan the reason for 6_______ double-faced behavior. “Why is 7_______ that you greeted th e army officer’s son so respectfully, yet behaved so arrogantly to us?” Shan the monk had a quick reply, “Please don’t get 8_____ wrong. For me, greeting means not greeting and not greeting means greeting.” Qiu Jun understood the monk’s mischief and hit 9_______ hard on his head with his stick. “According to 10_______ logic, beating you means not beating and not beating you means beating. Therefore I have to give you a beating.” Shan immediately realized the 11_________(foolish) of his actions and started showing respect to 12_________ he met, irrespective of their status.。
英语冠词用法总结更多实用英语知识请在手机微信公众帐号中搜索小学英语微讲堂(微信号yingyujt)一.冠词概述冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义.冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。
不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示一的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。
定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示这,那,这些,那些的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。
二.a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音开头的词前,an用于元音开头的词前。
例如:a boy,a university,a european country;an hour,an honour,an island,an elephant,an umbrella三.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。
2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
3.表示数量,有一的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。
4.表示每一,相当于every. 例如,I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。
5.用在序数词前,表示又一,再一。
例如,I have three books. I want to buya fourth one.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。
6.用在某些固定词组中:a lot许多,大量;after a while过一会儿四.定冠词的用法1.特指某人或某物,这是定冠词的基本用法。
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
例如:open the window,please.请打开窗户。
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。
例如:I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。
4.指世界上独一无二的事物。
例如:Which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一个大,太阳还是地球?5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。
浙江省2017届九年级英语专题复习练习:冠词 一.选择题(共50小题) 1.(2016•温州二模)﹣What do you think of running exercise? ﹣It becomes one of _____ most popular exercises in different schools.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 2.(2016•瑞安市校级二模)﹣﹣﹣What do you want to be in the future? ﹣﹣﹣I love English.I want to be English teacher.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.(2016•瑞安市校级一模)Steven is busy reading ______ e﹣magazine now.It's about amazingplaces around the world.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 4.(2015•温州)﹣﹣What do you know about kite surfing? ﹣﹣It is _________ exciting water sport.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.\ 5.(2015•上城区一模)﹣What's up? ﹣Well,I can't remember where I parked ____ car.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 6.(2015•高台县模拟)As we all know,England is_______ European country.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 7.(2015•乐清市模拟)Lin Shuhao,______ NBA star,will miss ______ matches this season because of his broken leg.( ) A.an; the B.an; a C.a; the D.the; a 8.(2015•乐清市模拟)﹣﹣﹣Who is that woman on the poster? ﹣﹣﹣Zhao Wei,________ excellent actress.( ) A.a B./ C.the D.an 9.(2015•拱墅区一模)﹣What cold weather! ﹣Yes.But it's_______ unusual experience for us.We normally live in a hot place.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 10.(2015•永康市模拟)Here's useful book.book is written by Bill Gates.( ) A.a; The B.a; A C.an; The D.an; A 11.(2014•嘉兴)﹣What's the matter with you? ﹣I can't remember where I parked______car.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 12.(2014•湖州)Who is______young lady with curly blond hair?( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 13.(2014•义乌市)We are going to have ________ party on Father's Day.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 14.(2014•绍兴)My brother Fred woke up with _____ bad headache,yet by the evening the pain had gone.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 15.(2014•丽水)Mrs.Smith has ______ 8﹣year﹣old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 16.(2014•杭州)My cousin went abroad at_____ age of eighteen.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 17.(2014•温州)Cathy was very happy to meet _____old friend on the plane to Paris.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 18.(2014•台州)一What do you think of the new movie The Monkey King,Sally? 一It's _______ funny one.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 19.)Mary has ________ e﹣dictionary.She got it from her uncle.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 20.(2014•温州二模)My friend had ________really unusual experience last year.( ) A.an B.a C.the D./ 21.(2014•台州模拟)﹣What do you want to be in the future,Bill? ﹣I want to be ______ fashion designer.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 22.(2014•东阳市模拟)﹣Can you give me _____hand,it's really ______hard work for me. ﹣Sure.( ) A.the; a B.a;/ C.a; a D./;a 23.(2014•金华模拟)﹣﹣How do you like film The Amazing Spider﹣Man2? ﹣﹣Oh,I've never seen better one.( ) A.a;a B.the; the C.a; the D.the; a 24.(2013•湖州)﹣﹣John,may I use your car?1want to go to the library. ﹣﹣Sure.Here iskey.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 25.(2013•温州)A good beginning makes good ending.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 26.(2013•绍兴)﹣Who's that young man on the poster? ﹣Justin Bieber,excellent singer.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 27.(2013•台州)﹣Who is that woman on TV? ﹣________ pop singer,I often listen to her songs.( ) A.A B.An C.The D./ 28.(2013•衢州)﹣Have you watched the movie Iron Man 3? ﹣Of course,fantastic movie!( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 29.(2013•舟山)Lots of people think that Life of Pi is _________ amazing film.( ) A.a. B.an C.the D.不填 30.(2013•丽水)It is a good habit to go to ______ bed early and get up early.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 31.(2013•杭州)I think it's really _________ hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 32.(2013•宁波二模)Coca﹣Cola, world's largest soft drinks maker,has offered to buy_______China's top juice maker Hui﹣yuan Juice Group.( ) A.the; the B.a; 不填 C.the; a D.the; 不填 33.(2013•金华模拟)﹣﹣Have you heard of Lin Shuhao? ﹣﹣Yes,he is _______________ NBA basketball player.He is a hero in my heart.( ) A.a B.an C./ D.the 34.(2013•宁波三模)My aunt,as_____ ___easy﹣going old lady,did give us_____ surprise when she lost her temper at the family party yesterday.( ) A.the,a B.an;/ C.an; a D./;a 35.(2013•永嘉县一模)The picnic party was really interesting.We had _____ good time.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 36.(2013•温州一模)﹣﹣﹣Is she only _______ eight﹣year﹣old girl? ﹣﹣﹣Yes,but she does everything by herself.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 37.(2013•宁波一模)The Smiths don't usually like staying at ______ hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ______ sea.( ) A./;a B.the; the C./; the D.the; a 38.(2013•舟山一模)﹣Excuse me,do you have ipad 3?I want to e﹣mail my friends. ﹣Sorry,I don't have one.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 39.(2013•龙湾区一模)﹣Look,what's in his picture? ﹣Oh,it's himself in ________ orange T﹣shirt.( ) A./ B.a C.the D.an 40.(2013•天台县一模)﹣﹣﹣Have you ever heard of Liu Yang? ﹣﹣﹣Of course.She is ___________ famous astronaut.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 41.(2012•衢州)Li Na is one of___most popular tennis players in China.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 42.(2012•嘉兴)﹣Whose is _________ pen on my desk? ﹣It's Mary's.( ) A.a B.an C.the D.不填 43.(2012•金华)﹣what do you want to be when you grow up.Darning? ﹣Well scientist like Yuan Long ping,I think.( ) A.the B.an C.a D.不填 44.(2012•义乌市)Drunk driving is _______ serious problem.It's against the law.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 45.(2012•湖州)﹣﹣Do you enjoy your stay in China? ﹣﹣Yes.I'v had _______wonderful time.( ) A./ B.a C.the D.an 46.(2012•绍兴)﹣Oh,no.Where is my purse? ﹣Don't worry.I saw black one in the drawer.Is it yours?( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 47.(2012•温州)﹣Who's that man? ﹣Jeremy Lin.He's _______ American basketball player.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 48.(2012•台州)﹣﹣﹣Have you ever heard of Jeremy Lin? ﹣﹣﹣I only know he is ___________ basketball player.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 49.(2012•杭州)They want their daughter to go to _______ university,but they also want her to get________ summer job.( ) A.不填;a B.the; a C.an; a D.a; the 50.(2012•平阳县模拟)﹣﹣Mum,where did you put my new sports shoes? ﹣﹣Oh,I put them in a box.And ________ box is under your desk.( ) A.a B.an C.the D./