八年级英语下册 第1-6课时unit6学案 人教新目标版

新目标英语八年级下第六单元学案 第一课时(1a-Grammar Focus) 一、学习目标 1. 掌握词汇：collect, shell, marathon, pair, skate, since, Hilltop School, a pair of. 2. 在听力练习中使学生掌握并运用句型：(1)How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating for five hours. (2)How long has she been skating? She’s been skating since nine o’clock. 3. 初步了解现在完成时态的构成 “have/has + been + v-ing”及用法、标志词。 4. 区别“for” 与“since”以及“How long have you been skating?”与“ How long did you skate?”。 二、预习检测 A. 写出下列动词的-ing形式。 1.collect 2.skate 3.come 4. swim 5.run B. 预习P44&45，翻译下列单词和短语。 收集______贝壳__________一双溜冰鞋__________多久 滑冰马拉松___________ 六个小时 自从我七岁时 三、学习步骤 Step 1 Discuss these questions in 1a. Step 2 Listening and finish 1b，then ask answer in pairs. Step 3 Listening and finish 2a&2b. Step 4 Pairwork 2c. 四、知识梳理 1. ---How long have you been skating? 你滑多长时间了？ ---I’ve been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了五个小时了。 （1）这是一个现在完成进行时的句子，现在完成进行时通常要和表示一段时间的状语连用，表示在这段时间内，该动作一直在进行。其结构为“have/has been +v.-ing+表时间段的状语”。 （2）for five hours表示“五个小时”，介词for后跟时间段，表达某动作已延续多久了，故该动作应用延续性动词。（在肯定句中）。 （3）how long意为“多久”，在此句中，用以提问时间的长短，除此之外还可以提问物体的长度。how long 用以提问“（时间）有多久”，其答语必为延续性动词。how long 针对动作提问的，即句中的动词必为延续性动词，因为只有延续性动词才能延续一段时间，成为表状态的形容词或介词短语。例如：---How long has Elizabeth been a nurse? ---- __________ A Since 1992 B. Seventeen years ago. C. In 1992 2.---I’ve been skating since I was seven years old. 【用法】此处的since用作连词，后面跟时间点，可以和完成时连用。意为“自……以来”，其从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时，表达主句的动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，本句的主句为现在完成进行时。 【辨析】since与for。 Since除可作连词、引导时间状语从句外，还可做介词，意为“自从……,自……以来”，其后接具体的某一过去时间，不能与一段时间，表达某一动作延续的时间有多长；既可用于现在完成时、现在完成进行时中，也可用于一般现在时，一般将来时及一般过去时中。Jack has studied Chinese in this school ___the year of 2000. A. since B. for C. in 五、课堂检测 A. 用for或since填空,并翻译句子。 1. They have been working ten hours. 2. Kate has been studying 8:00 pm. 3. The old man has been living in the old house 1990. 4. She has been studying English she was five. 5. The twins have been waiting for you an hour ago. B. 选择题 （ ）1. Uncle Wang ______ since he came to the company. A. has been working B. have been working C. worked D. work （ ）2. They have been swimming since they ______5. A. is B. was C. has D. were （ ）3. Mr. Li ___ ___swimming for 3 hours, and his son __ __an hour ago. A. has been, started B. has been, has started C. started, has started （ ）4. ---__ __ has this food store been here? --- Since 2001. A. How long B. How often C. How old D. How soon 第二课时(3a-4) 一、学习目标 1. 掌握词汇：raise, skater, several, talk to sb. , an hour ago, three and a half years. 2. 掌握 “whole”与 “all”， “each”与“every”等词之间的区别。 3. 阅读训练：熟悉不同时态的运用。 二、预习检测（预习P46） A. 翻译下列单词和短语。 1.（为……）筹款 2. 整整五个小时 3. 几个的 4. 溜冰者 5. 三年半 6. 第一个开始的人 7. 一小时前_______________8.为慈善团体筹钱________________________ B. 根据汉语意思填空。 1. 孩子们正在为慈善团体筹钱而溜冰。 Students are ________ ____________. 2. 马拉松溜冰比赛已经进行了五个小时。The _____ ___marathon_______ _____. 3. 艾利森是第一个开始的已经滑了整整五个小时。 Alison was_____ _______ and has__________ _____. 4. 他只是一个小时前开始的。He ________________ _________ __. 5. 你已经打了多长时间？How ___________________ ___ ____? 三、学习步骤 Step 1. 朗读3a的文章，回答下列问题。 (1)How long has the skating marathon been going? (2)What are the students doing? (3)Who was the first one to start? (4)How long has Sam been skating? (5)When did Li Chen start to skat? Step 2. 再读3a完成3b的表格。 Step 3. Groupwork, finish 4. 四、知识点拨 1. several可作______词，用来修饰名词_______；还可做_____词；还可修饰hundreds of. 例如：The girl can speak s ____ _languages, such as English, Japanese, French, etc. 2. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours. ⑴ the first one to skate“第一个开始的人”to skate 为动词不定式做__语。 例如：She is the first foreign singer to take part in the contest. 翻译：今天他是最后一个到校的学生。 He was the last student ____ _____ ____ _____ today. 他是第一个赢得这个奖的音乐家。 He was the first musician ______ _____ the prize. ⑵ the whole five hours“整整五个小时”。whole 和all 均有“所有的，全部的”但用法不同。 例如：All the people are here. We looked for the whole school, but found nothing. 总结：all与定冠词、指示代词、物主代词、数词连用时，常放在_____ _；whole与定冠词一起使用时则放在___ ____。填空：My father told me the______ story the morning. 3. ... each student raises ten yuan for charity. 每个学生为慈善机构捐10元。 each 在此处为形容词，意为“每个的；各个的”。 【知识拓展】辨析each与every ⑴ 都可作形容词，有“每个的, 各个的”的意思。但each还可作代词，意为“各个，各自”。 ⑵ each 强调个别，而every强调整体。 例如：Each of us has a new dictionary in our class. We have three meals every day. 五、课堂检测 A. 句型转换 1. I have been learning English for 3 years. (变为一般疑问句并作否定回答) --- you learning English for 3 years? ---No, I . 2. My father has been collecting stamps for eight years. (划线部分提问) your father been for eight years? 3. Tom has been singing for two hours. (划线部分提问) has Tom been singing? B. 时态练习 1. They __________ (go ) to London next year. 2. The boys __________ ( play) football for two hours. 3. What ____ you _____ (do) when your mother came in? 4. --- What _____ your father _____ ( do ) ?---- He is a computer engineer. 5. --- How long ____ you ___ _ ___ _ ( watch ) TV ?---- For only half an hour. 6. What __ _ you __ __( do ) if it ____ __ ( rain ) tomorrow ? 7. She __ __ __ ___ ________ ( skate ) since she ______(be) five years old. 8.--When ___ _ you ___ _ (get) up this morning? --- At about six o’clock.