最新高三英语高考英语语法课件：被动语态

高三英语总复习语法系列训练
被动语态详解
(一) 语 态 分 类
英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语 态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的 承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用 来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分 词构成。
3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.
3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即 把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词 有：
不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on,
listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up,
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态 保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
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We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 保留宾语 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适
8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader. He had been considered to be a great leader. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： 含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+ be+ 及物动词的过 去分词”构成。 You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. He can write a great many letters with the computer. A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.
当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如：
bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。 He ask me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语)
(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party.
主语 谓语 宾语 → I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. → A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.
We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a
teacher. 2. 一般过去时：
They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten.
hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think
over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down.
The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原 句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动 词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语 态中用in + 地点名词作状语。
(六)语态转换时所注意的问题
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全 一样。以give 为例，列表如下： 一般现在时： am / is / are + given 一般过去时： was / were +given 一般将来时： shall / will + given 一般过去将来时： should / would + given 现在进行时： am / is / are + being + given 过去进行时： was / were + being + given 现在完成时： have / has + been + given 过去完成时： had + been + given 将来完成时： shall / will + have been + given 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + given ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(四) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往 不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这 时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.
The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.
5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 6. 过去进行时： — Why didn't they drive there on time? — Because the workers were mending the road. Because the road was being mended. This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. We have brought down the price. The price has been brought down.
(三)被动语态常用的八种时态
1. 一般现在时：
People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.