XA5032普通铣床的数控化改造毕业设计论文

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XA5032普通铣床的数控化改造设计-1

摘 要:数控机床是当今机械制造业中实现机电一体化的代表性先进设备。随着先进制造业的发展,对普通机床数控化改造已经成为摆在我们面前迫切而艰巨的任务。本文在叙述了数控技术的历史、现状和发展的基础上,通过对XA5032旧机床的分析,结合机床改造的总体思想,提出了数控化改造的技术方案和新数控系统的选型配置方案。以MCS-51型单片机为控制处理芯片,进行了机械传动系统的改造设计,机床各主要参数的优化和匹配及机床的调试运行,实现X、Y两坐标联动改造,使得改造后的机床能加工除了铣削键槽、平面及孔等简单的零件外,还能加工形状复杂的零件。改造后的数控机床具有高精、高效及加工产品范围广等特点。

关键词:数控改造;数控系统;XA5032铣床;单片机

NC Transformation of XA5032 Milling Machine

Abstract: NC(numerical control)machine is the representative of advanced

equipmemt in current mechanical manufacture industry.With the developing of

modem manufacture industry,to study the ordinary milling-machine’s retrofitted with

NC has becoming more urgent and arduous for us.After introducing NC machine’s

history and current status and the analysis of old machine XA5032,a novel scheme for

NC machine retrofitted and new NC machine selection is proposed.By using MCS-51

singlechip as the control chip,the design and adjustment for the electric system have

been completed. The main parameters of the machine have been confirmed and

optimized too.The numerization rebuilding of XA5032 milling machine is used for

machining keyway,plane and hole etc,but also,it can manufacturing complicated

shap.The accuracy and function of machine in finally have been improved.

Keywords: NC transformation,NC system,XA5032 Milling machine,SCM

目录

序 言 ........................................................................................... 1

第1章 绪 论 ...................................................................................... 2

1.1数控系统的发展及趋势 ................................................................... 2

1.1.1 数控NC阶段 ............................................................................ 2

1.1.2 计算机数控 ............................................................................... 2

1.1.3 数控未来发展的趋势 ................................................................... 3

1.2数控铣床加工的基本原理 ................................................................ 3

1.3数控加工工艺设计 ......................................................................... 5

1.4机床数控化改造的必要性 ................................................................ 6

1.4.1 微观看改造的必要性 ................................................................... 6

1.4.2 宏观看改造的必要性 ................................................................... 6

第2章 设计方案的确定 ............................................................... 8

2.1设计任务 ..................................................................................... 8

2.2总体设计方案的确定 ...................................................................... 8

2.2.1 动力的选定 ............................................................................... 8

2.2.2 控制部分的设计 ......................................................................... 9

第3章 数控系统硬件电路设计 ..................................................... 11

3.1数控系统基本硬件组成 .................................................................. 11

3.2单片机控制系统的设计 ................................................................. 12

3.3步进电机控制程序设计 ................................................................. 13

第4章 机械部分改造与计算.........................................................15

4.1原始数据分析 ............................................................................. 15

4.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的选用设计(X向) ............................................... 16

4.2.1 滚珠丝杠副的传动原理 .............................................................. 17

4.2.2 滚珠丝杠副的传动特点 .............................................................. 17

4.2.3 滚珠丝杠副的结构与调整 ........................................................... 18

4.2.3 轴向间隙的调整和加预紧力的方法 ............................................... 19

4.2.5 铣削力的计算 .......................................................................... 21

4.2.6 强度计算 ................................................................................ 22

4.2.7 刚度验算 ................................................................................ 22

4.2.8 效率计算 ................................................................................ 23

4.2.9 稳定性验算 ............................................................................. 23

4.3齿轮间隙消除弹簧的计算(X轴) .................................................. 23

4.4运动部分转动惯量计算(X轴) ..................................................... 24

4.5伺服电机的选择(X向) .............................................................. 25

第5章 零件的设计与计算 ............................................................26

5.1齿轮的设计与校核 ....................................................................... 26

5.1.1 Z3、Z4齿轮的强度校核 .............................................................. 27

5.1.2 其他齿轮对的强度校核 .............................................................. 31