机床导轨面结构与精密制造工艺的设计说明
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. .word版本. 理工大学
毕 业 设 计
题 目:机床导轨面结构与精密制造 工艺设计 院、 系: 机械动力工程学院 姓 名: 洋 指导教师: 彬 系 主 任: 彬 .
.word版本. 2011年06月24日 .
.word版本. 机床导轨面结构与精密制造工艺设计 摘 要 在机床的生产制造中,特别是对于大型及超大型数控机床,由于其体形庞大,而且需具备超重的载荷能力及重切削负荷能力,采取多条导轨来防止重载荷下工作台的变形,并且可减小超重加工件对导轨的压强。此时如果采用普通润滑导轨,其摩擦力相对较大,特别是导轨的静、动摩擦力变化会直接影响到加工质量及精度的控制,难以达到数控的技术要求。因此,采用静压导轨是机床制造中一种常见的设计形式。 由于具有高刚度、高精度、低磨损等技术优势,静压导轨被广泛应用于数控机床领域。静压导轨的刚度、承载能力及其工作性能直接影响机床的加工精度,确保导轨的精度始终处于最优先对于考虑的因素。在工作过程中,导轨的精度随承载力的变化而变化,有时甚至超出了规定承载的围,这不仅减少了导轨的寿命,同时也降低了数控机床的加工精度和加工围。因此,有必要对现有的静压导轨进行改进,并采用相应的控制方案来提高液体静压导 轨的刚度和承载能力。 论文中第一部分主要研究所研究课题的现状,发展趋势,以及目前以研究的水平,初步确立研究的方向和研究方法。 论文中第二部分分析了导轨的功用和分类,根据实际情况选着其适用导轨。确定设计的理论基础,为下步设计做基础铺垫。 论文中第三部分为本次设计的结构分析,先通过分析静压导轨结构和优缺点及静压导轨在重型机床上的应用和承载能力为导轨制造工艺设计做铺垫。 论文中第四部分为导轨制造工艺设计过程,可通过机床导轨的热处理,导轨结合面表面精度加工及长导轨的分段加工及其自然调平来完成导轨制造工艺设计过程。
关键词:静压导轨;承载能力;热处理;高频表面淬火 .
.word版本. Slide surface structure with precision tools to make the process design
Abstract In the machine manufacturing, especially for large and super large nc machine tools, because its bold, and to have the overweight load capacity and heavy cutting load ability, take DuoTiao guide to prevent the heavy load of the deformation, and can reduce the pressure of the guide to overweight product. If this time using common lubrication guide rail, the friction is opposite bigger, especially the guide rail static and dynamic friction change will directly affect the processing quality and precision of the control, it is difficult to meet the numerical control technology requirements. Therefore, the static pressure guide is a kind of common machine tools design form. Because of the high rigidity, high precision, low wear technology advantage, static pressure guide has been widely used in the field numerical control machine. The stiffness of the static pressure guide rail, carrying capacity, and work capability directly influence the machining precision of the machine tool, to ensure the accuracy of guide rail is always in the most preferred to consider the factors. In the process of operation, the accuracy of the bearing capacity of guide rail with changes, sometimes even beyond the scope of the regulations, . .word版本. the bearing not only reduced the guide life, while also reduces the machining precision of the numerical control machine tools and machining scope. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing static pressure guide rail, the corresponding control scheme to improve the stiffness of the guide rail liquid static pressure and load capacity. In the paper the first part of the present situation of the research institute, development trend, and are currently in the level of the research, the research direction and establish preliminary research methods.
The second part of the paper analyzed the function of the guide rail and classification, according to the actual situation of the applicable to pick the guide. Sure the design theory of basis, for the next step design do basic books.
The third part of the paper to the design of the structure analysis, first through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of static pressure guide rail structure and static pressure guide in the application of the heavy machine tools and carrying capacity for guide rail manufacturing process or design.
In the paper the fourth part for guide rail manufacturing process design process, but through the machine slideway heat treatment, surface precision guide joint surface processing and long guide section processing and its natural levelling to complete guide rail manufacturing process design process. . .word版本. Keywords: static pressure guide ; carrying capacity ; heat treatment ; high frequency hardening
目 录 摘要 ........................................................... I Abstract ...................................................... II 第1章 绪论 .................................................... 1 1.1 课题背景 ................................................. 1 1.2 课题研究目的和意义 ....................................... 1 1.3 国外机床导轨研究发展现状 ................................. 2 1.4 课题研究的主要容和方法 ................................... 3 第2章 机床导轨的选用 .......................................... 4 2.1 导轨的功用和分类 ......................................... 4 2.2 滑动导轨、静压导轨与滚动导轨的特点和经济性 ............... 4 2.2.1 滑动导轨 ............................................. 4 2.2.2 滚动导轨 ............................................. 5 2.2.3 静压导轨 ............................................. 5 2.3 导轨耐磨性 ............................................... 6 2.3.1 导轨材料的选择 ....................................... 6 2.3.2 铸铁导轨工作面淬火处理 ............................... 6