Duplicity in Hubble Space Telescope Guide Stars Fine Guidance Sensor Serendipitous Survey R

2022届高考英语时文阅读航天航空“It will be marvelous. It will be spiritual.” This is the ____1____ tagline that Virgin Galactic used in 2004 to attract potential customers to its planned space tourism services. It promised that, within five years, it would take a total of over 3,000 passengers on life-changing trips in its spaceships. On July 11, 2021, after a last 90-minute delay, Virgin Galactic finally began its fulfillment of that original ____2____. For four minutes, its six temporarily weightless passengers, including the firm’s British co-founder, Sir Richard Branson, saw the planet against the blackness of outer space.Back on the ground, Sir Richard called the experience “magical”. He may have ____3____ the fact that he was able to reach space earlier than Jeff Bezos, a fellow billionaire but much wealthier. On July 20, Bezos would go slightly higher, for slightly less time, in a vehicle that had been built by his own spacefaring company, Blue Origin.The two tycoons (大亨) are among a growing number of ____4____ who believe that space tourism’s time has come. Suborbital (亚轨道的) tourism is part of a broader space economy that has rapidly grown over the past decade ____5____ technological advances. However, it is highly ____6____ that this will be true.For now, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic will offer ____7____ suborbital flights to payingcustomers. Blue Origin is focusing much more on the development of a large new rocket that will be used for the launching of satellites, on selling advanced rocket engines to other companies, and on bidding (投标) on NASA contracts such as the recently announced plan to send humans back to the moon. ____8____, Bezos doesn’t see Blue Origin as a provider of services to adventure-seekers.Even this 4-minute suborbital travels have a(n) ____9____, apparently. A major survey found that nearly two in five people with a net worth of over five million dollars would consider paying $250,000, Virgin Galactic’s current price, for a ticket. The business could be ____10____, once regular flights begin to offset (抵消)the rockets’ development costs. But how fast and by how much is ____11____. Without tourist-friendly destinations to visit (the capacity of the International Space Station is strictly limited), orbital tourism, with its far higher ticket prices, will not be a huge earner.Another challenge —and the industry’s biggest remaining uncertainty — relates to ____12____. History has shown that a disaster, ____13____ in the early stages of an industry, can set progress back by years. NASA ____14____ its plan to send the untrained to orbit in 1986 after a school teacher was killed along with the rest of the crew in the Challenger tragedy. It was another 15 years before the next untrained person would ____15____ the journey on a Russian craft.1．A．modest B．demanding C．motivational D．unclear 2．A．obligation B．commitment C．requirement D．survey 3．A．felt ashamed of B．kept an eye on C．felt content with D．got upset with 4．A．optimists B．opponents C．experts D．objectors 5．A．thanks to B．but for C．apart from D．in spite of6．A．impossible B．undoubted C．probableD．favorable7．A．long-lasting B．inexpensiveC．automatic D．brief8．A．On the contrary B．What’s more C．In the long run D．Above all9．A．shortcoming B．limitation C．advantage D．appeal10．A．profitable B．uneconomic C．eco-friendly D．globalized11．A．predictable B．essential C．irrelevant D．uncertain12．A．development B．security C．stability D．novelty 13．A．particularly B．critically C．precisely D．unforeseeably 14．A．initiated B．drafted C．modified D．suspended 15．A．brave B．abandon C．steer D．pause02After circling Earth for six months, the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission have departed from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet on Saturday morning, finishing the nation’s longest manned spaceflight.Zhai Zhigang, who was the mission commander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half-year space journey as ground recovery staff opened the door of their reentry capsule (返回舱) at 10: 03 am.Medical service workers on the site told China Central Television that the astronauts are in good condition. Carrying the mission crew, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft left from the Tiangong station at 12: 44 am. In the last hours of their stay inside the Tiangong, the astronauts worked with ground controllers to adjust the station, sending some experimental data back to Earth and sorting out materials.The crew has set a new record for China’s longest spaceflight, almost doubling the previous record of 92 days created by their colleagues in the Shenzhou XII mission who travelled with Tiangong from mid-June to mid-September last year.During the Shenzhou XIII mission, the astronauts carried out two spacewalks that totaled more than 12 hours. They tested components on the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice spacewalk. Wang took part in the first spacewalk on Nov 7, becoming the first female Chinese spacewalker.The crew members also carried out two science lectures from the space station for Chinese students. In one experiment, Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen toy, the popular mascot (吉祥物) of the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, to display how objects fly in weightless environment. The space-based lessons marked the start of the Tiangong Class series, China’s first space lecture series that aims to popularize space science and inspire youngsters to pursu e their “science and space dreams”, according to the manned space agency.1．What mission did the crew members accomplish?A．Living in space for half a year.B．Controlling the space station on their own.C．Opening the door of the reentry capsule.D．Departing from the planet on Saturday morning.2．Which was the achievement of the astronauts?A．They completed a 12-hour spacewalk.B．They conducted two science experiments.C．They became the first Chinese spacewalkers.D．They checked parts on the station’s roboti c arm.3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Teenagers will be sent into space station to explore.B．There will definitely be more space lectures in the future.C．“Science and space dreams” will be the top aim among teenagers.D．Astronauts will use more Bing Dwen Dwen toys to do experiments.4．Which is the best title of the text?A．Inspire Youngsters to Pursue Space DreamsB．The Mission Commander of Tiangong StationC．Space-based Lessons Marked the Start of the Tiangong ClassD．Crew Members of the Shenzhou XIII Mission Returned to Earth03阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

巡天号光学舱太空望远镜、国际空间站这些当今世界上最先进、曾经一度争夺最激烈的领域，现在的形势发生了实质性反转。

当初拒绝中国参加、对中国技术封锁的欧洲人转而来求我们进行技术合作，但是我们的科学家已经不再需要他们手中的“先进技术”了。

1990年，美国“发现者”号航天飞机成功发射了当时世界上最先进的哈勃空间望远镜，用以太空观测。

近30年过去了哈勃空间望远镜依然是最大最先进的太空观测望远镜，尽管它在2018年由于故障原因，已经暂停运作。

不过，这个保持了将近30年的记录就在未来几年内就会被中国人打破了，取代它的将是中国航天科技集团公司研制的“巡天”号光学舱。

“巡天”号光学舱模拟图说起中国的这个“巡天”号光学舱，还有一段不为人知的历史。

在我国最初规划自己的空间站时，核心舱两侧并不是完全相同的两个实验舱，其中一个是实验舱，而另一侧则是一个“巡天舱”，而这个巡天舱的核心装备就是一个直径两米的太空望远镜。

也就是说，在最初的一版计划中，中国巡天望远镜是空间站的一部分，是“共体飞行”的。

但在后期的研究中发现，由于空间站自身的运行及内部人员的活动、航天器的对接等都可能给空间站带来一定的震动，过大的震动对太空望远镜的成像带来严重影响，因此在后期的设计中，望远镜就从空间站的规划中摘除了，而是做一个独立的“光学舱”，与空间站一起飞行在400公里高的轨道上，于是就变成了“共轨飞行”。

尽管巡天望远镜已经不再是空间站的一部分，但是中国空间站的一个实验舱依然保留了“巡天号”的名称。

按照计划，这个直径超过两米的“光学舱”将承载着巡天望远镜，与空间站同周期运行。

如需升级或者维修时，空间站会接近光学舱，可以直接由航天员出舱维护，也可以让光学舱对接到空间站上，再由航天员进行维护。

当然，该望远镜上天之日，还取决于两个因素：一是望远镜自身的研制进度，二是空间站的建设进度。

哈勃空间望远镜那么和哈勃空间望远镜想比，“巡天”号光学舱究竟有什么优势呢？据说“巡天”号光学舱重达数十吨，太空望远镜主镜口径2米，它有媲美哈勃的分辨率，而且还有超过哈勃300+倍的视场。

专题07 航空航天（太空科技）——英语语法填空，名校好题热点时事100篇（原卷版)1. 【四川省成都市七中2022-2023学年高二上学期12月阶段性测试英语试题】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

China’s Mengtian space lab module, the third major part of the nation’s Tiangong space station, ___1___ (launch) on Oct 31. It is recognized as another key step forward in completing the in-orbit assembly of Tiangong,___2___ (take) construction into its final stage.Mengtian docked with Tianhe, the space station’s core module, early ___3___ the morning of Nov 1.The lab module is about 17.9 meters in length, ___4___ has a diameter of 4.2 meters and weighs more than 23 tons. Consisting of a work cabin, a cargo airlock cabin, a payload cabin and a resource cabin, it is currently the___5___ (heavy) single-cabin active spacecraft in orbit.“There are 13 scientific cabinets inside ___6___ craft to hold scientific equipment,” said Gan Keli, Mengtian’s project manager at the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. He added that the equipment onboard would be used for microgravity studies and to carry out ___7___ (experiment) in fluid physics, materials science, andother ___8___ (relate) subjects.After the labs, the Tianzhou 5 cargo craft and the Shenzhou XV crew members are scheduled ___9___ (arrive) at the space station around the end of the year.The country plans to operate Tiangong for at least seven years, during which time it aims to keep it permanently occupied and ____10____ (potential) host commercial missions to the station.2.【上海市复旦大学附属中学高二上学期期末考试英语试卷】Preparations Underway for Moon LandingChina is making preparations for a moon landing that will place its astronauts on the lunar surface, accordingto a senior official at the China Manned Space Agency, who said our astronauts will definitely touch down on the moon.The news conference invited key figures from China’s manned space programs, who are also members of the Communist Party of China, ____11____ (share) their stories and thoughts with journalists.China’s space authorities have a long-term plan to land astronauts on the moon and set up at least one scientific station there. They hope to use the manned missions to carry out scientific surveys ____12____ technological research, explore ways to develop lunar resources and stre ngthen the nation’s space capabilities.Toward that goal, the editor-in-chief of Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said Chinese engineers need to buildnew, stronger carrier rockets and spacecraft ____13____ they arrange a moon-bound journey for Chinese astronauts. “The nation’s current rockets and manned spaceships ____14____ not send astronauts to the moon ____15____ they are not designed for such a mission. We need to design a new rocket, a new spacecraft, a lunar landing capsule fit for a moon walk. We also need to upgrade our ground support system ____16____ was designed for operations in low-Earth orbit ____17____ on the lunar surface,” he explained.Designers at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, the country’s major maker of carrier rockets, are researching a super-heavy rocket that will be several times bigger and mightier than the Long March 5, now the biggest and strongest in China’s Long March rocket family.____18____ a length of nearly 90 meters, the new rocket, which has yet ___19____ (name), will have a liftoff weight of about 2,000 metric tons and will be able to place a 25-ton spacecraft into an Earth-moon trajectory, designers said, _____20_____ (add) that this new model will serve the manned lunar landing.3.【陕西省宝鸡市教育联盟2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

第39卷第2期 2021年3月吉林大学学报（信息科学版）Journal of Jilin University(Information Science Edition)Vol.39 No.2Mar.2021文章编号：1671-5896(2021 )024)1734)5立方星用太阳敏感器的设计马霁壮，王睿，康博南，杨罕(吉林大学电子科学与工程学院，长春130012)摘要：针对立方星的姿态控制中，获取卫星当前姿态的需求，设计了一种用于立方星的数字式太阳敏感器。

通过线性CCD( Charge Coupled Device)和对应的狭缝型光学通路设计，实现了对点状光源相对于安装平面的法线双角度测量，并达到了视场角度40°,理论测量精度为0.01°的设计指标。

该太阳敏感器采用了商用现成品和技术（COTS: Commercial O ff-The-Shelf),具有体积小、功耗低、设计简单、稳定性高和易于集成的特点。

作为 满足立方星子板几何尺寸的COTS资源，在未来的立方星研制过程中具有潜在的应用价值。

关键词：太阳敏感器；立方星；商用现成品和技术中图分类号：TP212; V474 文献标识码：ADesign of Sun Sensor for CubeSatsMA Jizhuang,WANG Rui,KANG Bonan,YANG Han(College of Electronic Science and Engineering. Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China)Abstract：To obtain the current attitude of the satellite in attitude control of CubeSat,a digital sun sensor for CubeSat is designed.Through the linear CCD(Charge Coupled Device)and the corresponding slit-type optical path design,the double-angle measurement of the point light source relative to the normal line of the installation plane is achieved,and the design index of the field of view angle of 400and the theoretical measurement accuracy of0. 01° is achieved.The sun sensor uses commercial off-the-shelf products and technologies(COTS：Commercial Off-The-Shelf) ,and has the characteristics of small size,low power consumption,simple design, high stability,and easy integration.As a COTS resource that satisfies the geometric dimensions of the CubeSat circuit board,it has potential application value in the future development of the CubeSat and plays a vital role in the further research of other CubeSats.Key words：sun sensor；CubeSat；commercial off-the-shelf(COTS)〇引言太阳敏感器是航天器在轨飞行过程中用于确定自身飞行姿态的光电传感器。