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word完整版高中英语语法定语从句讲解及练习

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高中英语语法：定语从句 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

关系副词有：when, where, why等。 注意：关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。

一、关系代词that, which, who引导的定语从句

关 系 代 词 例 句 在从句中 that 作主语或宾语 指物 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 2. The noodles (that) I cooked were

delicious.

指人 1. Who is the man that is reading a book over there? 2. The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim's sister.

在从句中which作主语或宾语 指物 1. They planted some trees which didn't need much water. 2. The fish (which)

we bought this morning were not fresh.

在who, whom从句中分别作 主语或宾语 指人 1. The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 2. The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3. The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. 4. Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write.

二、关系代词whose引导的定语从句 关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可为限制性的，也可为非限制性的。先行词既可为人，也可为物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。 例如：This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. The room whose window faces south is mine. He has written a book whose name I've forgotten. =He has written a book the name of which I've forgotten.

三、关系副词引导的定语从句 关 系 副 词 例 句 when在从句中作时间状语 in /on /at /during 可以转化为(which)

October 1, 1949 is the day when (=on which) the People's Republic of China was founded. I'll never forget the year when (=in which) we worked on the farm.

where在从句中作地点状语in / at which) (可以转化为

The hotel where (=in which) we stayed wasn't very clean. I recently went to the town where (=in which) I was born. I'd like to live in a country where (=in which) there is plenty of sunshine.

why在从句中作原因状语(可以转化为for which) I didn't get a pay rise, but this wasn't the reason why (=for which) I left.

The reason why (=for which) he was late was that he missed the train.

四、判断关系代词与关系副词 1

先把主句和定语从句分开，再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词（即先行词），然后放入定语从句中，看看这两者的搭配情况。 1）如果定语从句和该先行词可以直接相连，且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话，则用关系代词。 This is the city (which/that) you visited last year. 2）如果定语从句和该先行词无法直接相连，必须另外多加上介词，并在定语从句中充当状语时，则使用关系副词。 This is the city where you stayed last year. 选择： 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one

五、限制性和非限制性定语从句 1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不 明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） 2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理.史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。 3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 He is working hard for the exam, which makes his parents happy. 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

4）as引导的非限制性从句，常带有“正如”的意思，放于句首。which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放于句首。 as常用的结构有：as we all know; as is well known to…; as is often the case; as is said/mentioned above; as has been said before; as I told you before; as is evident; as often happens; as can be seen; as is/was expected; as we expect; as I can remember等。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one\'s health. 如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。 The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 太阳使地球暖起来，这对我们人类很重要。

六、介词+关系词 1）“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which（指物）和whom（指人），即：介词+which/whom。不能用that 和who。 This is the teacher from whom we've learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学了很多东西的老师。 2）有时介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that（指人），也可以省略。 The man (whom/who/that) you were talking to just now is my English teacher. 你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。 3）当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分割时，那么动词短语中的介词不能前置。 This is the pen which I'm looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。 2

不能写成：This is the pen for which I'm looking. 4）引导定语从句的关系副词(when, where, why) 可以用“介词+关系代词”代替。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago.

七、定语从句的特殊用法： 1）不用that的情况 a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例如： The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. （错误） b）放在介词之后时。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依赖土地获得食物。 We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. 2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which.

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高中英语语法之定语从句

高中英语语法之定语从句

定语从句语法归纳及练习一、语法知识归纳基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。

但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。

（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。

与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。

关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

关系副词有：when, where和why。

在定语从句中充当状语。

小总结：关系词的作用有哪些？二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。

如下表：例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （________）② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （________）③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （________）④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （________）⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （________）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。

（见上例③④）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。

(完整word版)高中英语定语从句知识点

(完整word版)高中英语定语从句知识点

定语从句〔一〕定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词此后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词相关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, why 等。

关系词平时有以下三个作用： A 、引导定语从句； B 、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

比方：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“ who是〞引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

〔二〕关系代词引导的定语从句1． who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，当宾语能够省略。

① The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

②Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必定在明晨7 点到大门口会集。

③ Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

④That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2． whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。

①Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上议论的那个人。

(完整word版)高中英语定语从句知识点整理,推荐文档

(完整word版)高中英语定语从句知识点整理,推荐文档

定语从句（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，当宾语可以省略。

① The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

② Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

③ Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。

④ That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。

2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。

① Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。

高中英语语法专项：定语从句 (详解版+配套练习)

高中英语语法专项：定语从句 (详解版+配套练习)

语法专项1：定语从句【定语从句综述】定语从句在句中作定语，修饰名词或代词。

被修饰的名词或者代词被称为先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词被称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词，它们在先行词和定语从句之间起引导作用，在意义上代替先行词，在定语从句中充当一个成分。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

一、定语从句中关系词的选用1．找出先行词，关系词的选择主要依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where，when，why)。

2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想见你的那个人吗？(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那个人。

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。

He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。

3．关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

具体用法如下：when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语；why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

The reason why I don’t trust him is that he ofte n tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。

【小叮咛】先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。